How Did People with Functional Disability Experience the First COVID-19 Lockdown? A Thematic Analysis of YouTube Comments.

People with functional disability endure barriers to health and other services and to full participation in social life. In the context of COVID-19, this discrimination has been intensified worldwide. We examine how the experience of COVID-19 lockdown was depicted in comments to a video about functional disability and COVID published on VICE's YouTube channel. We analysed the first 100 comments on the video, which was posted in spring 2020, during the first COVID-19 lockdown (roughly from March to June 2020, with some variations around the world). We identified four themes: lack of access to care and services, isolation and lifestyle changes, mental health consequences, and peer support. Legal regulations regarding COVID-19 and people with functional disability have not been sufficient in most countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed inadequate care systems, even in Western countries with advanced social protection policies.

Bone Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with Fibronectin in Dehiscence-Type Defects Associated with Dental Implants: An Experimental Study in a Dog Model.

PURPOSE: To determine the bone regeneration potential of a ceramic biomaterial coated with fibronectin and adipose-derived stem cells covered in three-wall critical-size defects associated with dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a total of 18 dogs, four dehiscence-type and critical-size defects were created surgically in the edentulous alveolar ridge with the simultaneous placement of dental implants. Defects were randomly regenerated using biomaterials coated with particulate ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP), ß-TCP with fibronectin (Fn) (ß-TCP-Fn), and ß-TCP with a combination of Fn and autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (ß-TCP-Fn-ADSCs), leaving one defect as the control. The animals were divided into three groups according to the time of euthanasia (1, 2, or 3 months). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the three study groups (ß-TCP, ß-TCP-Fn, ß-TCP-Fn-ADSCs) and the control group in the total area of bone regeneration and mineralized and nonmineralized tissue at 1, 2, and 3 months of healing were not observed. At 2 months, defects treated with ß-TCP-Fn-ADSCs showed a significant decrease in the percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) as compared with the ß-TCP-Fn (P = .041) and control (P = .012) groups. At 3 months of healing, however, significant differences in BIC between the three study groups and controls were not found (P = .388). CONCLUSION: The use of ADSCs in the bone regeneration processes of dehiscencetype defects associated with simultaneous implant insertion does not seem to improve the area of bone regeneration or the percentage of BIC compared with other biomaterials or the control alveolar defect.

Assessment of Bone Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Critical-Size Alveolar Ridge Defects: An Experimental Study in a Dog Model.

PURPOSE: To assess bone regeneration potential of a fibronectin- and adipose-derived stem cell-covered ceramic biomaterial in three-wall critical-size alveolar ridge defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 18 dogs, four dehiscence-type and critical-size defects were created surgically in the edentulous alveolar ridge. Defects were randomly regenerated using biomaterials coated with particulate ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP), ß-TCP with fibronectin (Fn) (ß-TCP-Fn), and ß-TCP with a combination of Fn and autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (ß-TCP-Fn-ADSCs), leaving one defect as control. The animals were divided into three groups according to the time of euthanasia (1, 2, or 3 months of healing). RESULTS: At the time of sacrifice, statistically significant differences between the four types of defects in the total area of bone regeneration, percentage of neoformed bone matrix, medullary space, or contact between particulate biomaterial and neoformed bone matrix were not found. All defects showed a significant increase in neoformed bone matrix as sacrifice was delayed, but a uniform pattern was not followed. Only defects treated with ß-TCP-Fn-ADSCs showed a significant increase in the bone regeneration area when animals sacrificed at 3 months were compared to those sacrificed at 1 month (P = .006). CONCLUSION: The use of ADSCs in bone regeneration processes of critical-size defects of the alveolar ridge did not entail an advantage regarding greater bone regeneration as compared with other biomaterials. However, the use of ß-TCP coated with a combination of Fn and ADSCs appeared to favor stabilization of the regenerated area, allowing a more efficient maintenance of the space at 3 months of healing.

Hepatitis autoinmune, revisión a propósito de un caso / Autoimmune hepatitis, review in relation to a case

El presente es un caso de hepatitis autoinmune (HAI) con datos de citolisis importante (AST y ALT elevadas) e insuficiencia hepática (tiempo de protrombina prolongado y colinesterasa baja). El proceso que lleva al diagnóstico de esta entidad clínica es mostrado de manera detallada y evidente, resaltando las claves diagnósticas como la hipergammaglobulinemia. La clasificación del caso como hepatitis autoinmune del tipo I, sostenido en marcadores seroinmunológicos, como los anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA), antimúsculo liso (SMA), antiactina, en el presente caso estuvieron positivos, la ausencia de infección de virus hepatotropos y las condiciones epidemiológicas que dan luces al diagnóstico de HAI. Se instaura tratamiento inmunosupresor con prednisona y azatioprina y la remisión clínica y de laboratorio son evidentes. Se revisa factores pronósticos los cuales se asocia con los niveles y gravedad de las alteraciones de laboratorio, a las cuales se les da un peso importante al momento de indicar los inmunosupresores. Todos estos aspectos sostenidos por la más diversa evidencia.

This is a case of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) with important cytolysis data (high AST and ALT) and liver insufficiency (prolonged prothrombin time an low cholinesterase). The process that leads to this diagnosis is showed in a detailed an obvious way, standing out the diagnosis keys such as hypergammaglobulinemia. Classification of the case as autoimmune hepatitis type I, sutained by seroimmunological markers such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti smooth muscle (SMA), antiactina, in this case wer positive, the absence of infection by hepatotropic viruses and epidemiological conditions lighten the diagnosis of AIH. An immunosuppressive treatment is established with prednisone and azathioprine and clinical and laboratory remissions are evident. Prognosis factors are checked and are associated with levels and seriousness of laboratory alterations, which have importance at the time of prescribing the immunosupressives. All these aspects sustained by the most varied evidence.

[Ileal endometriosis and Crohn's disease. A difficult differential diagnosis]. / Endometriosis ileal y enfermedad de Crohn. Un diagnóstico diferencial problemático.

Endometriosis is an endometrial tissue proliferation that occurs in any extrauterine site and is usually confined to the pelvis. When the terminal ileum is affected, this entity can simulate Crohn's disease both clinically and radiologically. We describe 2 patients previously diagnosed with Crohn's disease with inadequate response to treatment, who showed intestinal obstruction located in the ileum. One patient had an enterocutaneous fistula, which is extremely unusual. In both patients intestinal endometriosis was diagnosed after histopathologic assessment. Although complex, the differential diagnosis between endometriosis and Crohn's disease should be kept in mind since the prognosis and treatment of these 2 entities differ.