Asociación entre agenesia dental y maloclusión en pacientes pediátricos / Associação entre a agenesia de dentes permanentes e a presença de má oclusão em pacientes pediátricos / Association between dental agenesis permanent teeth and malocclusion in a group of children

Introducción: La agenesia dental es la anomalía del desarrollo más frecuente en el ser humano, asociándose a maloclusiones y alteraciones funcionales. Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la asociación entre la agenesia de dientes permanentes y la presencia de maloclusiones en pacientes pediátricos en el área Metropolitana de Caracas, Venezuela. Material y métodos: Fueron evaluados 1.188 radiografías panorámicas y 648 registros ortodóncicos de pacientes sanos con edades entre 5 y 18 años, registrando agenesia de dientes permanentes, exceptuando terceros molares. La maloclusión se diagnosticó según Angle. Fueron calculados estadísticos descriptivos, diferencias entre promedios y correlaciones entre variables (t de Student, rho de Pearson, p=0,05, odds ratio). Resultados: La prevalencia de agenesia fue 5,6%, siendo la media 1,64 y afectando mayormente al sexo femenino (1,44:1). Los dientes más afectados fueron segundos premolares inferiores (35,19%), e incisivos laterales superiores (30,55%). La prevalencia de maloclusión fue mayor en el grupo con agenesia dental (Clase I 52%, Clase II 31%, Clase III 17%) al comparar con el grupo control (Clase I 77%, Clase II 14%, Clase III 9%); habiendo correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el número de dientes ausentes y Clase III. Conclusión: La prevalencia y distribución de agenesia dental variaron entre géneros, siendo el femenino el más afectado. Hubo correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre el número de dientes afectados y la maloclusión Clase III.

Introdução: A agenesia dental é a anomalia do desenvolvimento mais frequente no ser humano, associando-se a má oclusão e alterações funcionais. Objetivo: O objetivo da presente investigação é determinar a associação entre a agenesia de dentes permanentes e a presença de má oclusão em pacientes pediátricos na área Metropolitana de Caracas, Venezuela. Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliados 1.188 radiografias panorâmicas e 648 registros ortodônticos de pacientes sadios com idades entre 5 e 18 anos, registrando agenesia de dentes permanentes, excetuando terceiros molares. A má oclusão se diagnosticou usando a classificação de Angle. Foram calculados dados estatísticos descritivos, diferenças entre as médias y correlações entre variáveis (t de Student, rho de Pearson, p=0,05; odds ratio). Resultados: A prevalência de agenesia foi 5,6%, sendo a média 1,64 y afetando mais o sexo feminino (1,44:1). Os dentes mais afetados foram os segundos pré-molares inferiores (35,19%), seguido pelos incisivos laterais superiores (30,55%). A prevalência de má oclusão foi maior no grupo com agenesia dentária (Classe I 52%, 31% classe II, classe III 17%) em comparação com o grupo controle (classe I 77%, classe II 14%, classe III 9%); havendo correlação estatística significativa entre o aumento do número de dentes ausentes e a má oclusão Classe III. Conclusão: A prevalência e distribuição de agenesia dental variaram entre gêneros, sendo o feminino o mais afetado. Houve correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa entre o número de dentes afetados e a má oclusão Classe III.

Introduction: Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans, frequently associated with malocclusion with functional consequences. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the association between dental agenesis and malocclusion in a group of children from the Caracas Metropolitan area in Venezuela. Materials and methods: 1,188 panoramic radiographs and 648 sets of orthodontic records, from healthy patients ages 5 to 18 years old were studied for agenesis of permanent teeth, excluding third molars. Malocclusion was diagnosed using Angle's classification. Descriptive analyses, as well as differences between means and correlations were performed, (Student t test, Pearson's p=0.05, odds ratio). Results: Prevalence of dental agenesis was 5.6%, (mean 1.64). Females were most affected (1.44:1). The most affected teeth were the second mandibular premolars (35.19%), followed by the lateral maxillary incisors. Higher prevalence of malocclusion was found in the agenesis group (Class I 52%, Class II 31%, Class III 17%) when compared to the control group (Class I 77%, Class II 14%, Class III 9%). Significant positive correlation was found between increased number of affected teeth and Class III malocclusion. Conclusion: Prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis were variable between genders; being females most affected. Correlation between number of affected teeth and Class III maloclusión presented statistical significance.

Determinación de la dimensión vertical oclusal en desdentados totales: comparación de métodos convencionales con el craneómetro de Knebelman / Determination of oclusal vertical dimension in edentulous: comparison of conventional methods with Knebelman craneometer

Objetivo: Se realizó una investigación cuyo propósito fue comparar la DVO determinada mediante métodos convencionales y la determinada por el craneómetro de Knebelman en el mismo paciente. Método: Se consideró como metodología convencional la DVO medida estando el paciente con sus prótesis en máxima intercuspidación. El estudio se realizo en una muestra de 45 individuos desdentados totales y parciales sin referencia oclusiva, rehabilitados con prótesis removible en la en la Clínica Integral del Adulto I y II. Los resultados fueron analizados empleando el test t pareado expresado en mm. de la DVO determinada con cada metodología. Resultado: Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambas mediciones y se empleó el test Chi-Cuadrado para analizar la influencia en la magnitud de la DVO observada cuando se emplea una o más referencias en su determinación, donde no se encontraron diferencias significativas. El rango de diferencias entre ambas metodologías de determinación en promedio fue de 2.93 mm considerado no relevante desde el punto de vista clínico. Conclusión: En este contexto el craneómetro de Knebelman puede ser un valioso instrumento que permita simplificar la determinación de la DVO en pacientes desdentados.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the OVD obtained with the conventional methods and the one that is obtained with the Knebelman craniometric system in the same patient. Methods: The OVD considered as "conventional" was the one obtained with the patient using his/her dental prosthesis in maximum intercuspidation. This study was made using a sample of 45 edentulous and partially edentulous subjects, all treated with full removable denture and RPD in "Odontologia Integral del Adulto I & II". The results were analyzed using pair comparison system for the different OVD obtained with both methods (all expressed in millimeters). Results: Significant differences were found between both methods. The Chi-Square test to analyze de influence in the OVD when one or more references are used, didn´t show any significant differences. The average discrepancy between the two methods was 2.93 mm, which is considered as not clinically significant. Conclusion: In this context the Knebelman craneometer can be considered as an important instrument to simplify the determination of the OVD in edentulous patients.

Decreased activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase by glycated apolipoprotein A-I.

Non-enzymatic glycation of plasma proteins may contribute to the excess risk of developing atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Glycated apolipoprotein A-I isolated from diabetic subjects was tested in vitro for its ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, the principal cholesterol-esterifying enzyme in plasma. Activation by glycated apolipoprotein A-I was significantly lower at all concentrations than the activation by normal apolipoprotein A-I. Linear regression analysis of the kinetic data shows that the ratio app Vmax/app Km was significantly lower (p < 0.01) for glycated apolipoprotein A-I (0.29 nmol.l/h.mumol) than for normal apolipoprotein A-I (0.78 nmol.l/h.mumol). Because lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase provides a driving force in reverse cholesterol transport by esterifying the cellular cholesterol removed by HDL, it is tempting to postulate that this abnormal activation may be associated with a reduction in reverse cholesterol transport and associated with the accelerated development of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.

Influence of legume intake on biliary lipids and cholesterol saturation in young Chilean men. Identification of a dietary risk factor for cholesterol gallstone formation in a highly prevalent area.

Chileans and North American Indians have one of the highest prevalence rates of cholesterol gallstones in the world. The most common theory to explain this has been the operation of some as yet undefined genetic risk factor in these populations. Searching for some common environmental factor for gallstones in Chileans and North American Indians, we found that beans and other legumes are common foods consumed by both populations. In this study we tested the hypothesis that legume intake may favor the production of biliary cholesterol supersaturation. We studied 20 young men subjected to a diet containing 120 g/day of legumes and a control diet without legumes for a period of 1 mo each. Both diets supplied identical quantities of energy, carbohydrates, protein, total fat, fiber, and cholesterol. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration decreased by 16% (p less than 0.001) after the legume diet. Biliary cholesterol saturation increased in 19 of the 20 subjects; the mean of the group markedly increased from 110% to 169% (p less than 0.001) after the legume diet. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that legume intake is a potential risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease.