Nursing interventions to prevent corneal injury in critically ill sedated and mechanically ventilated patients: A systematic review of interventions.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effectiveness of interventions to prevent corneal injury in critically ill, sedated, and mechanically ventilated patients. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: A systematic review of intervention studies was conducted in the following electronic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Quality assessment of the randomized and non-randomized studies was performed using the Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) and ROBINS-I Cochrane tools, respectively, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. RESULTS: 15 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that the risk of corneal injury in the lubricants group was 66% lower (RR = 0.34; 95 %CI: 0.13-0.92) than in the eye-taping group. The risk of corneal injury in the polyethylene chamber was 68% lower than in the eye ointment group (RR = 0.32; 95 %CI 0.07-1.44). The risk of bias was low in most of the studies included and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The most effective interventions to prevent corneal injury in critically ill sedated mechanically ventilated, who have compromised blinking and eyelid closing mechanisms, are ocular lubrication, preferably gel or ointment, and protection of the corneas with a polyethylene chamber. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Critically ill, sedated, and mechanically ventilated patients who have compromised blinking and eyelid closing mechanisms must receive interventions to prevent corneal injury. Ocular lubrication, preferably gel or ointment, and protection of the corneas with a polyethylene chamber were the most effective interventions to prevent corneal injury in critically ill, sedated, and mechanically ventilated patients. A polyethylene chamber must be made commercially available for critically ill, sedated, and mechanically ventilated patients.

Causal validation of the risk for corneal injury in critically ill adults.

BACKGROUND: The validity of a nursing diagnosis depends on a continuous investigation process in different populations to provide clinical evidence. The risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis was approved in 2013 and only reviewed in 2017, demonstrating the need to perform a clinical validation to improve it. AIM: To perform a causal validation of the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis in critically ill adults. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was performed in two intensive critical care units in Northern Brazil with adults aged over 18 years without corneal injury at admission. The patients were evaluated for 10 days, using a data collection tool composed of risk factors for the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis. The independent variables were described through absolute and relative frequency. The accuracy measures and risk factors were identified through Cox regression, considering a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The nurses assessed 209 critically ill adults and identified that 76.0% of them presented the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis, with 16.3% developing a corneal injury, all having previously presented the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis. The risk factors identified were eyeball exposure (hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.27-2.51), Glasgow score < 6 (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.15-2.60) and periorbital oedema (hazard ratio: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.03-1.99), with these factors showing high specificity, and the mechanical ventilation variable, showing high sensitivity, with ROC curve of .86. CONCLUSION: Eyeball exposure, Glasgow score < 6 and periorbital oedema are the risk factors of the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis, in critically ill adults. These risk factors guide nursing interventions. This causal validation can improve the risk for corneal injury nursing diagnosis levels of evidence in the NANDA International Taxonomy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is necessary to guide nursing interventions for critically ill adults with lowered level of consciousness and corneal exposure for the prevention of corneal injury.

Resilience of Healthcare Systems in the face of COVID-19: an experience report.

OBJECTIVE: to report the professional experience of a nurse manager facing the challenges of restructuring a hospital service in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: this is an experience report, based on the perspective of system resilience in a public hospital. RESULTS: the challenges faced were: internal service flow reorganization to assist suspected cases of COVID-19; institution of structural changes and adaptations, from entry into the emergency room to the wards and intensive care unit; equipment and supply acquisition for patient care with a focus on their quality and functionality; staff training, with the restructuring of work processes; staff sizing, considering the time of exposure to the virus; staff's professional qualification, absenteeism, stress, physical and psychological illness, with a view to safe and quality care; nursing staff leadership to deal with conflicts generated by professionals' stress and illness. CONCLUSION: healthcare service resilience is critical for hospital restructuring in the COVID-19 pandemic; however, patient care and healthcare professionals' physical and mental health must be considered.

Resilience of Healthcare Systems in the face of COVID-19: an experience report / Resiliencia de los Sistemas de Salud frente al COVID-19: relato de experiencia / Resiliência de Sistemas de Assistência à Saúde no enfrentamento da COVID-19: relato de experiência

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the professional experience of a nurse manager facing the challenges of restructuring a hospital service in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is an experience report, based on the perspective of system resilience in a public hospital. Results: the challenges faced were: internal service flow reorganization to assist suspected cases of COVID-19; institution of structural changes and adaptations, from entry into the emergency room to the wards and intensive care unit; equipment and supply acquisition for patient care with a focus on their quality and functionality; staff training, with the restructuring of work processes; staff sizing, considering the time of exposure to the virus; staff's professional qualification, absenteeism, stress, physical and psychological illness, with a view to safe and quality care; nursing staff leadership to deal with conflicts generated by professionals' stress and illness. Conclusion: healthcare service resilience is critical for hospital restructuring in the COVID-19 pandemic; however, patient care and healthcare professionals' physical and mental health must be considered.

RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la experiencia profesional de una enfermera gestora frente a los desafíos de la reestructuración de un servicio hospitalario frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Método: relato de experiencia, basado en la perspectiva de resiliencia del sistema en un hospital público. Resultados: los desafíos enfrentados fueron: reorganización del flujo interno de atención para la atención de casos sospechosos de COVID-19; institución de cambios y adaptaciones estructurales, desde el ingreso al departamento de urgencias y emergencias hasta las salas y unidad de cuidados intensivos; adquisición de equipos e insumos para la atención de pacientes con enfoque en su calidad y funcionalidad; formación de equipos con la reestructuración de los procesos de trabajo; dimensionamiento del personal, considerando el tiempo de exposición al virus, cualificación profesional, ausentismo, estrés, enfermedad física y psíquica del equipo, con miras a un cuidado seguro y de calidad y liderazgo del equipo de enfermería para el enfrentamiento de los conflictos generados por el estrés y la enfermedad de los profesionales. Conclusión: la resiliencia del servicio de salud es fundamental para la reestructuración hospitalaria en la pandemia del COVID-19, sin embargo, se debe considerar la atención al paciente y la salud física y mental de los profesionales de la salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência profissional de um enfermeiro gestor frente aos desafios da reestruturação de um serviço hospitalar diante da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: relato de experiência, baseado na perspectiva da resiliência do sistema em um hospital público. Resultados: os desafios enfrentados foram: reorganização do fluxo de serviço interno para atender os casos suspeitos de COVID-19; instituição de mudanças e adaptações estruturais, desde a entrada na urgência e emergência, até nas enfermarias e unidade de terapia intensiva; aquisição de equipamentos e insumos para o atendimento dos pacientes com foco na qualidade e funcionalidade destes; treinamento das equipes, com a reestruturação dos processos de trabalho; dimensionamento de pessoal, considerando o tempo de exposição ao vírus; qualificação profissional, absenteísmo, estresse, adoecimento físico e psicológico da equipe, com vistas à uma assistência segura e de qualidade; liderança da equipe de Enfermagem para lidar com os conflitos gerados pelo estresse e adoecimento dos profissionais. Conclusão: a resiliência do serviço de saúde é fundamental para a reestruturação hospitalar na pandemia da COVID-19, no entanto, devem-se considerar o cuidado dos pacientes e a saúde física e mental dos profissionais de saúde.

Factors associated with length of stay and death in tube-fed patients: A cross-sectional multicentre study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and death in nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NG/NET)-fed patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional multicentre study. METHOD: Data collection took place from October 2017-April 2019, and the sample consisted of 365 participants from seven Brazilian hospitals. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected from the patients' medical records. Data analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate tests, considering a significance level of p<.05. RESULTS: Most patients were male, older adults, with high risk of death and highly dependent on nursing care. The LOS was associated with age, patient care complexity and length of NG/NET use. Death was associated with patient age. In the multivariate analysis, patients highly dependent on nursing care, and intensive and semi-intensive care had a greater chance of dying when compared with patients receiving minimal care. Screening for factors affecting LOS and death is important to plan effective nursing care.