RESUMO
Zika virus, discovered in 1947, is particularly publicized because of its involvement in a major epidemic that began in 2015 and which epicenter is located in Latin America, mainly in Brazil. In the majority of cases (70-80 %) the infection is asymptomatic, however in some patients, moderate fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis and myalgia may occur. More alarming, neurological complications are reported, in particular cases of microcephaly probably resulting from the infection of women in the first or second trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, Guillain-Barré syndromes have also been identified in patients whose infection was confirmed. The extent of the current outbreak reveals the very primitive state of knowledge about the pathophysiology of this virus. Thus, a global effort is being undertaken in order to quickly characterize the molecular interaction of the virus with human cells, but also to develop specific diagnostic assays and vaccinal approaches.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Zika virus/fisiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemias , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologiaRESUMO
Compares the effectiveness of voluntary counselling and testing for AIDS or reproductive health education among people in Kenya, Tanzania and Trinidad. Changes in sexual behaviour that occured among individuals in the counselling and testing group; Reports in this issue of the Lancet that deal with AIDS vaccines in developing countries and the cost-effectiveness of counselling and testing for HIV and AIDS.(Au)