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1.
Syst Rev ; 12(1): 56, 2023 03 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36973729

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews (SRs) are invaluable evidence syntheses, widely used in biomedicine and other scientific areas. Tremendous resources are being spent on the production and updating of SRs. There is a continuous need to automatize the process and use the workforce and resources to make it faster and more efficient. METHODS: Information gathered by previous EVBRES research was used to construct a questionnaire for round 1 which was partly quantitative, partly qualitative. Fifty five experienced SR authors were invited to participate in a Delphi study (DS) designed to identify the most promising areas and methods to improve the efficient production and updating of SRs. Topic questions focused on which areas of SRs are most time/effort/resource intensive and should be prioritized in further research. Data were analysed using NVivo 12 plus, Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS. Thematic analysis findings were used on the topics on which agreement was not reached in round 1 in order to prepare the questionnaire for round 2. RESULTS: Sixty percent (33/55) of the invited participants completed round 1; 44% (24/55) completed round 2. Participants reported average of 13.3 years of experience in conducting SRs (SD 6.8). More than two thirds of the respondents agreed/strongly agreed the following topics should be prioritized: extracting data, literature searching, screening abstracts, obtaining and screening full texts, updating SRs, finding previous SRs, translating non-English studies, synthesizing data, project management, writing the protocol, constructing the search strategy and critically appraising. Participants have not considered following areas as priority: snowballing, GRADE-ing, writing SR, deduplication, formulating SR question, performing meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Data extraction was prioritized by the majority of participants as an area that needs more research/methods development. Quality of available language translating tools has dramatically increased over the years (Google translate, DeepL). The promising new tool for snowballing emerged (Citation Chaser). Automation cannot substitute human judgement where complex decisions are needed (GRADE-ing). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study protocol was registered at https://osf.io/bp2hu/ .


Assuntos
Registros , Projetos de Pesquisa , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Nutrients ; 14(19)2022 Sep 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36235538

RESUMO

Environmental factors such as diet can affect telomere length (TL) dynamics. However, the role that children's and adolescents' diets play in maintaining TL is not well understood. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to examine the association between the intake of nutrients, foods, food groups, and/or dietary patterns and TL in childhood and adolescence. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and additional registers and methods. The five selected studies were cross-sectional and conducted in children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years. The main results suggest that a higher consumption of fish, nuts and seeds, fruits and vegetables, green leafy and cruciferous vegetables, olives, legumes, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and an antioxidant-rich diet might positively affect TL. On the contrary, a higher intake of dairy products, simple sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages, cereals, especially white bread, and a diet high in glycaemic load were factors associated with TL shortening. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review examining the impact of dietary intake factors on TL in childhood and adolescence. Although limited, these results are consistent with previous studies in different adult populations. Further research is needed to ascertain potential nutritional determinants of TL in childhood and adolescence.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Dieta , Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Monossacarídeos , Nutrientes , Telômero , Verduras
3.
Breastfeed Med ; 16(4): 338-345, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33513043

RESUMO

Background: Mobile applications related to health issues are currently expanding. Different uses of new technologies have produced positive results regarding breastfeeding support. Breastfeeding applications are increasing. Objective: We conducted a descriptive analysis of a mobile application for breastfeeding (LactApp) to study the user profile and the most frequent queries. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative, and descriptive ecological time-series study of LactApp from 2016 to 2019. Google Analytics and the app itself were used for data collection. The data were analyzed in Excel, and for the time series, Prais-Winsten autoregressions were applied based on the Durbin-Watson method in Stata. Results: A total of 115,830 users and 71,780 infants were registered in the application. A total of 1.91% of these users obtained the medical version. The application was used for both queries and surveys and for users to interact through chat. A total of 30.17% of the responses were related with "baby's sleep" (8.94%), 8.91% were related to "preservation of milk," 6.16% were related to "breastfeeding crisis," and 6.15% were related to "physiological evolution of breastfeeding," all with an increasing trend. Conclusion: LactApp is a resource for breastfeeding that is widely downloaded and used by a substantial number of individuals. The most recurring topics were baby's sleep, milk extraction and preservation, breastfeeding crisis and physiological evolution of breastfeeding.


Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Telemedicina , Aleitamento Materno , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Cuidado Pós-Natal , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Medwave ; 20(6): e7978, 2020 Jul 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32759894

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the available evidence on the role of vitamin C in treating patients with COVID-19. DATA SOURCES: We conducted searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature, and in a centralized repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it comprises and has been customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. All the searches covered the period until April 29, 2020 (one day before submission). STUDY SELECTION AND METHODS: We adapted an already published standard protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews. We searched for randomized trials evaluating the effect, in patients with COVID-19, of vitamin C versus placebo or no treatment. Anticipating the lack of randomized trials directly addressing this question, we also searched for trials evaluating MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we will resubmit it to the journal whenever there are substantial updates. RESULTS: We screened 95 records, but no study was considered eligible. We identified 20 ongoing studies, including 13 randomized trials evaluating vitamin C in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any studies that met our inclusion criteria, and hence there is no evidence to support or refute the use of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. A substantial number of ongoing studies should provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision-makers soon. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020181216.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , COVID-19 , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/terapia
5.
Medwave ; 20(6): e7978, 31-07-2020.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1119706

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the available evidence on the role of vitamin C in treating patients with COVID-19. DATA SOURCES: We conducted searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature, and in a centralized repository in L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L·OVE was adapted to expand the range of evidence it comprises and has been customized to group all COVID-19 evidence in one place. All the searches covered the period until April 29, 2020 (one day before submission). STUDY SELECTION AND METHODS: We adapted an already published standard protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews. We searched for randomized trials evaluating the effect, in patients with COVID-19, of vitamin C versus placebo or no treatment. Anticipating the lack of randomized trials directly addressing this question, we also searched for trials evaluating MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened each study for eligibility. A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we will resubmit it to the journal whenever there are substantial updates. RESULTS: We screened 95 records, but no study was considered eligible. We identified 20 ongoing studies, including 13 randomized trials evaluating vitamin C in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any studies that met our inclusion criteria, and hence there is no evidence to support or refute the use of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. A substantial number of ongoing studies should provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision-makers soon.


OBJETIVO: Esta revisión sistemática viva tiene como objetivo proporcionar un resumen oportuno, riguroso y continuamente actualizado de la evidencia disponible sobre el papel de la vitamina C en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. FUENTES DE DATOS: Realizamos búsquedas en PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), literatura gris y en un repositorio centralizado en L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). En respuesta a la emergencia de COVID-19, L·OVE se adaptó para ampliar el rango de evidencia que cubre y se personalizó para agrupar toda la evidencia de COVID-19 en un solo lugar. Todas las búsquedas abarcaron el período hasta el 29 de abril de 2020 (un día antes de su envío). SELECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS Y MÉTODOS: Adaptamos un protocolo común publicado para múltiples revisiones sistemáticas paralelas. Se buscaron ensayos aleatorios que evaluaran el efecto de la vitamina C versus placebo o ningún tratamiento en pacientes con COVID-19. Anticipando la falta de ensayos aleatorios que aborden directamente esta cuestión, también buscamos ensayos que evaluaran MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV, y estudios no aleatorios en COVID-19. Dos revisores seleccionaron de forma independiente cada estudio para determinar su elegibilidad. Una versión viva y basada en la web de esta revisión estará abiertamente disponible durante la pandemia de COVID-19, y se volverá a enviar a publicación cuando haya actualizaciones sustanciales. RESULTADOS: Se examinaron 95 registros, pero ningún estudio se consideró elegible. Se identificaron 20 estudios en curso, incluidos 13 ensayos aleatorios que evalúan la vitamina C en COVID-19. CONCLUSIONES: No se encontró ningún estudio que cumpliera con los criterios de inclusión, por lo que no hay evidencia para apoyar o refutar el uso de vitamina C en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. Un número sustancial de estudios en curso debería proporcionar evidencia valiosa para informar a los investigadores y los tomadores de decisiones en un futuro próximo.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/terapia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/terapia , Pandemias
6.
Nutrients ; 9(11)2017 Nov 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29117104

RESUMO

The consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids is conditioned by laws/regulations, but standards/regulations vary between countries. The aim of this review is to explore legislative documents that regulate the use of nutritional ergogenic aids intended for sportspeople in a Spanish/European framework. A narrative review has been developed from official websites of Spanish (Spanish Agency of the Consumer, Food Safety, and Nutrition) and European (European Commission and European Food Safety Authority) bodies. A descriptive analysis of documents was performed. Eighteen legislative documents have been compiled in three sections: (1) Advertising of any type of food and/or product; (2) Composition, labeling, and advertising of foods; (3) Nutritional ergogenic aids. In spite of the existence of these legal documents, the regulation lacks guidance on the use/application of nutritional ergogenic aids for sportspeople. It is essential to prevent the introduction or dissemination of false, ambiguous, or inexact information and contents that induce an error in the receivers of the information. In this field, it is worth highlighting the roles of the European Food Safety Authority and the World Anti-Doping Agency, which provide information about consumer guidelines, prescribing practices, and recommendations for the prudent use of nutritional ergogenic aids.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Suplementos Nutricionais/normas , Rotulagem de Alimentos/normas , Legislação sobre Alimentos , Esportes , Europa (Continente) , Humanos
7.
Nutrients ; 9(10)2017 Oct 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28976928

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The use of dietary supplements is increasing among athletes, year after year. Related to the high rates of use, unintentional doping occurs. Unintentional doping refers to positive anti-doping tests due to the use of any supplement containing unlisted substances banned by anti-doping regulations and organizations, such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The objective of this review is to summarize the presence of unlabeled doping substances in dietary supplements that are used in sports. METHODOLOGY: A review of substances/metabolites/markers banned by WADA in ergonutritional supplements was completed using PubMed. The inclusion criteria were studies published up until September 2017, which analyzed the content of substances, metabolites and markers banned by WADA. RESULTS: 446 studies were identified, 23 of which fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. In most of the studies, the purpose was to identify doping substances in dietary supplements. DISCUSSION: Substances prohibited by WADA were found in most of the supplements analyzed in this review. Some of them were prohormones and/or stimulants. With rates of contamination between 12 and 58%, non-intentional doping is a point to take into account before establishing a supplementation program. Athletes and coaches must be aware of the problems related to the use of any contaminated supplement and should pay special attention before choosing a supplement, informing themselves fully and confirming the guarantees offered by the supplement.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Doping nos Esportes , Anabolizantes , Atletas , Humanos , Esportes
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(3): 287, 2016 Jun 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27513514

RESUMO

Objetivos: dar a conocer las recomendaciones relacionadas con la Nutrición Humana y Dietética (NHyD) de la Guía de Práctica Clínica para el manejo de la enfermedad de Parkinson del Sistema Nacional de Salud (GPC-EP/SNS) y favorecer su difusión e implementación en la práctica. El objetivo secundario es presentar la implicación de los profesionales de la NHyD en la elaboración de la guía.Material y métodos: siguiendo el Manual Metodológico de Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, se formularon las preguntas clínicas, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática para cada pregunta en bases de datos (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, LILACS, IBECS y ClinicalTrials), se definieron los criterios de elegibilidad, al menos dos investigadores seleccionaron los estudios, se realizó lectura crítica de la literatura se resumió en tablas de síntesis de evidencia y se establecieron las recomendaciones.Resultados: se propusieron 14 preguntas relacionadas directamente con NHyD-Parkinson, de las cuales solamente 3 pudieron incluirse. Se formuló una pregunta relacionada con la terapia de logopedia aplicada en personas con EP que presentan problemas de deglución, tratamiento donde se imbrican los profesionales de la NHyD. De 642 artículos localizados, únicamente 2 pudieron ser incluidos para contestar las correspondientes preguntas. De las evidencias halladas, se derivaron 11 recomendaciones directa o indirectamente relacionados con la NHyD.Conclusiones: la implicación de profesionales sanitarios en equipos multidisciplinares mejora el resultado final de las guías y la atención sanitaria de los pacientes. Es necesario que los profesionales sanitarios de la NHyD (los/las dietistas-nutricionistas) se impliquen en iniciativas basadas en la mejor evidencia científica disponible y que formen parte de los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinares.


Assuntos
Política Nutricional , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Recomendações Nutricionais , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Necessidades Nutricionais , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(3): 749-760, mayo-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154497

RESUMO

Objetivos: dar a conocer las recomendaciones relacionadas con la Nutrición Humana y Dietética (NHyD) de la Guía de Práctica Clínica para el manejo de la enfermedad de Parkinson del Sistema Nacional de Salud (GPC-EP/SNS) y favorecer su difusión e implementación en la práctica. El objetivo secundario es presentar la implicación de los profesionales de la NHyD en la elaboración de la guía. Material y métodos: siguiendo el Manual Metodológico de Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, se formularon las preguntas clínicas, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática para cada pregunta en bases de datos (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, LILACS, IBECS y ClinicalTrials), se definieron los criterios de elegibilidad, al menos dos investigadores seleccionaron los estudios, se realizó lectura crítica de la literatura se resumió en tablas de síntesis de evidencia y se establecieron las recomendaciones. Resultados: se propusieron 14 preguntas relacionadas directamente con NHyD-Parkinson, de las cuales solamente 3 pudieron incluirse. Se formuló una pregunta relacionada con la terapia de logopedia aplicada en personas con EP que presentan problemas de deglución, tratamiento donde se imbrican los profesionales de la NHyD. De 642 artículos localizados, únicamente 2 pudieron ser incluidos para contestar las correspondientes preguntas. De las evidencias halladas, se derivaron 11 recomendaciones directa o indirectamente relacionados con la NHyD. Conclusiones: la implicación de profesionales sanitarios en equipos multidisciplinares mejora el resultado final de las guías y la atención sanitaria de los pacientes. Es necesario que los profesionales sanitarios de la NHyD (los/las dietistas-nutricionistas) se impliquen en iniciativas basadas en la mejor evidencia científica disponible y que formen parte de los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinares (AU)


Objectives: To announce the Human Nutrition and Dietetics (NHyD) recommendations of the Clinical Practice Guideline in the management of Parkinson’s disease in the Spanish National health system, and promoting its dissemination and implementation in practice. To point out the implication of NHyD professionals in the quoted guideline was the secondary objective. Material and methods: The following items were carried out according to the Methodological Manual for Clinical Practice Guidelines Preparation in the Spanish National health system: formulating the clinical questions, systematic search for each question in databases (PubMed/ Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, LILACS, IBECS and ClinicalTrials), definition of eligibility criteria, studies were selected by at least two researchers, critical reading of the literature was made using evidence summary tables, and corresponding recommendations were established. Results: 14 questions directly related with Parkinson’s disease and NHyD were proposed; only 3 of which could be finally included. It was formulated a question related to speech therapy for Parkinson’s disease patients with swallowing disorders. Human Nutrition and Dietetics professionals got involved in this treatment. Only 2 of the 642 articles were included to answer the corresponding questions. According to evidence found, 11 recommendations were proposed with the active involvement of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary healthcare professionals’ implication improves the final result of the guideline and the health care results in patients. It is necessary that Human Nutrition and Dietetics healthcare professionals get involved in this kind of initiatives, based on the best evidence available, and they should be a member of multidisciplinary work teams (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Parkinson/dietoterapia , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Transtornos de Deglutição/dietoterapia
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(2): 556-72, 2015 Aug 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26268083

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: nutritional supplements intake is increasing during the recent years both in Spain and in the rest of the world. Questionnaires that estimate the intake and supplement use have methodological limitations. The purpose of this study is to describe used indicators in questionnaires that estimate nutritional supplements intake among athletes so facilitate understanding of these limitations. METHODOLOGY: a literature review of variables used within questionnaires to estimate consumption of nutritional supplements among athletes. We conducted a structured research in PubMed database and through snow ball strategy. Search equation: "Questionnaire" AND "Supplementation" AND "Athletes". INCLUSION CRITERIA: published in any country in English or Spanish, containing questionnaire or indicators can be deducted from the items, to estimate the intake and use of nutritional supplements and should be targeted to athletes training in order to compete at any level. We performed a descriptive analysis. RESULTS: 21 above the 122 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic factors, sport and training frequency, athlete population, reasons/motives for use and consumption, sources of information and list of supplements and frequency are the found indicators for estimating intake of supplements. DISCUSSION: there are great heterogeneity in terms of the proposed indicators by the authors at the questionnaires and intake estimation using nutritional supplements, standardization of the methodology for the development questionnaires to be necessary and proposing the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport as a reference.


Introducción: el consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales está aumentando en los últimos años tanto en España como en el resto del mundo. Los cuestionarios que estiman la ingesta y uso de suplementos presentan limitaciones metodológicas. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las variables utilizadas en los cuestionarios de estimación de consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales para población deportista, descritas en el apartado de metodología de los artículos científicos. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de variables utilizadas para estimar el uso y consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales. Búsqueda estructurada en la base de datos PubMed y mediante la estrategia bola de nieve. Ecuación de búsqueda: "Questionnaire" AND "Supplementation" AND "Athletes". Criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en cualquier país en idioma inglés o en español, que contengan cuestionario en el anexo o las variables que se describen en el apartado de metodología que puedan inferirse a partir de los artículos, que estimen la ingesta y uso de suplementos ergonutricionales y vayan dirigidos a deportistas que entrenan a nivel competitivo (amateurs, élite, etc.). Se realizó un análisis de contenido y un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: de los 122 estudios identificados, 21 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las variables descritas fueron factores sociodemográficos y relacionados con el deporte que se practica, así como la frecuencia de entrenamiento, población deportista a la que iba dirigida, razones/ motivos de uso y consumo, fuentes de información, lista de suplementos y frecuencia de uso y consumo. Discusión: existe gran heterogeneidad en cuanto a las variables propuestas por los autores en los cuestionarios de estimación de ingesta y uso de suplementos ergonutricionales. Es necesaria la estandarización de metodologías en el diseño de cuestionarios, así como definir una clasificación de referencia como la propuesta por el Instituto Australiano del Deporte.


Assuntos
Atletas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Motivação , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Esportes
11.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(2): 556-572, ago. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-139986

RESUMO

Introducción: el consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales está aumentando en los últimos años tanto en España como en el resto del mundo. Los cuestionarios que estiman la ingesta y uso de suplementos presentan limitaciones metodológicas. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las variables utilizadas en los cuestionarios de estimación de consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales para población deportista, descritas en el apartado de metodología de los artículos científicos. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica de variables utilizadas para estimar el uso y consumo de suplementos ergonutricionales. Búsqueda estructurada en la base de datos PubMed y mediante la estrategia bola de nieve. Ecuación de búsqueda: 'Questionnaire' AND 'Supplementation' AND 'Athletes'. Criterios de inclusión: artículos publicados en cualquier país en idioma inglés o en español, que contengan cuestionario en el anexo o las variables que se describen en el apartado de metodología que puedan inferirse a partir de los artículos, que estimen la ingesta y uso de suplementos ergonutricionales y vayan dirigidos a deportistas que entrenan a nivel competitivo (amateurs, élite, etc.). Se realizó un análisis de contenido y un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: de los 122 estudios identificados, 21 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las variables descritas fueron factores sociodemográficos y relacionados con el deporte que se practica, así como la frecuencia de entrenamiento, población deportista a la que iba dirigida, razones/motivos de uso y consumo, fuentes de información, lista de suplementos y frecuencia de uso y consumo. Discusión: existe gran heterogeneidad en cuanto a las variables propuestas por los autores en los cuestionarios de estimación de ingesta y uso de suplementos ergonutricionales. Es necesaria la estandarización de metodologías en el diseño de cuestionarios, así como definir una clasificación de referencia como la propuesta por el Instituto Australiano del Deporte (AU)


Introduction: nutritional supplements intake is increasing during the recent years both in Spain and in the rest of the world. Questionnaires that estimate the intake and supplement use have methodological limitations. The purpose of this study is to describe used indicators in questionnaires that estimate nutritional supplements intake among athletes so facilitate understanding of these limitations. Methodology: a literature review of variables used within questionnaires to estimate consumption of nutritional supplements among athletes. We conducted a structured research in PubMed database and through snow ball strategy. Search equation: 'Questionnaire' AND 'Supplementation' AND 'Athletes'. Inclusion criteria: published in any country in English or Spanish, containing questionnaire or indicators can be deducted from the items, to estimate the intake and use of nutritional supplements and should be targeted to athletes training in order to compete at any level. We performed a descriptive analysis. Results: 21 above the 122 identified studies met the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic factors, sport and training frequency, athlete population, reasons/motives for use and consumption, sources of information and list of supplements and frequency are the found indicators for estimating intake of supplements. Discussion: there are great heterogeneity in terms of the proposed indicators by the authors at the question naires and intake estimation using nutritional supplements, standardization of the methodology for the development questionnaires to be necessary and proposing the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport as a reference (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Suplementos Nutricionais/normas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Esportes/fisiologia , Recomendações Nutricionais/tendências , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Esportiva/fisiologia , Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte/métodos , Desempenho Psicomotor
12.
Nutr Hosp ; 29(3): 479-90, 2014 Mar 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24558988

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Caffeine and catechins contained in green tea may have a thermogenic effect favoring weight and body fat loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of green tea or its extracts (caffeine and catechins) on body weight and body composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the magnitude of the effect of green tea or its extracts on body weight (kg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), fat mass (%), and waist and hip circumference (cm). We included studies published between 2000 and 2013, retrieved from PubMed/Medline with the following characteristics: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parallel groups (intervention and placebo), randomized, double-blind, and a minimum 12-week follow-up, in healthy individuals of either gender, 18 years or older, with a BMI of 25-40 kg/m2. Quality and risk of bias was assessed for every included study, and the statistical analysis was performed with the Crochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.1.6 software, according to the random effects model with a confidence interval of 95% (95%). It was established that the effect was statistically significant at p < 0.05, and the homogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 index. RESULTS: The search strategy retrieved 154 studies, of which only five could be included in the quantitative analysis. The analysis revealed a not statistically significant mean difference (MD) in weight loss in the analyzed sample and subgroups: Asian individuals -0.81 kg (95% CI: -2.76 to 1.13; P = 0.41; I2 = 0%, n = 210), Caucasians -0.73 kg (95% CI: -3.22 to 1.75; P = 0.45; I2 = 0%; n = 91), as well as in the sample as a whole: -0.78 kg (95% CI: -2.31 to 0.75; P = 0.32; I2 = 0%; n = 301). No statistically significant decrease was revealed in BMI in the analyzed sample and subgroups: Asian individuals -0.65 (95% CI: -1.85 to 0.54; P = 0.29; I2 = 0%; n = 71), -0.21 Caucasians (95% CI: -0.96 to 0.53; P = 0.58; I2 = 22%; n = 91), as well as in the sample as a whole: -0.31 kg (95% CI: -0.88 to 0.27; P = 0.30; I2 = 0%; n = 162), nor for the waist circumference 0.08 cm (95% CI: -0.39 to 0.55; P = 0.73; I2 = 3%; n = 301) or hip (95% CI: -1.14 to 0.93; P = 0.85; I2 = 0%; n = 210). In the evaluation of the effect on the percentage of fat mass (FM%), MD was found not statistically significant for population subgroups: Asian individuals -0.76 (95% CI: -1.59 to 0.08; P = 0.08; I2 = 0%; n = 169), Caucasians -0.76 (95% CI: -2.22 to 0.70; P = 0.31; I2 = 36%; n = 93), but a small, although statistically significant, decrease in the overall effect was found -0.76 (95% CI: -1.44 to -0.09; P = 0.03; I2 = 0%; n = 260). DISCUSSION: The statistically significant effect of green tea on the FM% of the entire sample was not clinically relevant, a fact also highlighted in the results of other meta-analysis. CONCLUSION OF THE AUTHORS: Green tea or gree tea extracts intake or its extracts exerts no statistically significant effect on the weight of overweight or obese adults. There is a small effect on the decrease in the percentage of fat mass, but it is not clinically relevant.


Introducción: La cafeína y las catequinas contenidas en el té verde podrían tener un efecto termogénico que favorece la pérdida de peso y de grasa corporal. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la magnitud del efecto del té verde o de sus extractos (cafeína y catequinas) sobre el peso corporal y la composición corporal. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis para determinar la magnitud del efecto del té verde o de sus extractos sobre el peso corporal (kg), índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), masa grasa (%), y perímetro de cintura (cm), o de cadera (cm). Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre los años 2000 y 2013, recuperados de PubMed/Medline con las siguientes características: ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) de grupos paralelos (intervención y placebo), con asignación aleatoria, doble cegado, y un seguimiento mínimo de 12 semanas, en individuos sanos de cualquier género, de edades superiores a los18 años, con IMC de 25-40 kg/ m2. De cada estudio incluido se estableció su calidad y riesgo de sesgos, y se realizó el análisis estadístico, con el software RevMan Crochrane Collaboration 5.1.6, según el modelo de efectos aleatorios con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%). Se estimó que el efecto era estadísticamente significativo en p < 0,05, y se evaluó la homogeneidad de los estudios mediante el índice I2. Resultados: La estrategia de búsqueda recuperó 154 estudios, de los cuales solamente 5 pudieron ser incluidos en el análisis cuantitativo. El análisis reveló una diferencia media (DM) estadísticamente no significativa de pérdida de peso, tanto en el análisis de subgrupos: individuos asiáticos -0,81 kg (95% IC: -2,76 a 1,13; P = 0,41; I2 = 0%; n = 210), individuos caucásicos -0,73 kg (95% IC: -3,22 a 1,75; P = 0,45; I2 = 0%; n = 91); como en su conjunto: -0,78 kg (95% IC: -2,31 a 0,75; P = 0,32; I2 = 0%; n = 301). Tampoco se observó una DM estadísticamente significativa de disminución del IMC, tanto en el análisis de subgrupos: individuos asiáticos -0,65 (95% IC: -1,85 a 0,54; P = 0,29; I2 = 0%; n = 71), individuos caucásicos -0,21 (95% IC: -0,96 a 0,53; P = 0,58; I2 = 22%; n = 91); como en su conjunto: -0,31 kg (95% IC: -0,88 a 0,27; P = 0,30; I2 = 0%; n = 162), ni para el perímetro de cintura 0,08 cm (95% IC: -0,39 a 0,55; P = 0,73; I2 = 3%; n = 301) o cadera (95% IC: -1,14 a 0,93; P = 0,85; I2 = 0%; n = 210). En la evaluación del efecto sobre el porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG), no se halló una DM estadísticamente significativa para los subgrupos de población: individuos asiáticos -0,76 (95% IC: -1,59 a 0,08; P = 0,08; I2 = 0%; n = 169), individuos caucásicos -0,76 (95% IC: -2,22 a 0,70; P = 0,31; I2 = 36%; n = 93); pero sí una pequeña, aunque estadísticamente significativa, disminución en su conjunto -0,76 (95% IC: -1,44 a -0,09; P = 0,03; I2 = 0%; n = 260). Discusión: El efecto estadísticamente significativo del té verde sobre el %MG de toda la muestra no fue clínicamente relevante, hecho remarcado en los resultados de otros metaanálisis. Conclusión de los autores: La ingesta de té verde o de sus extractos no ejerce efectos estadísticamente significativos sobre el peso de adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Se observa un pequeño efecto sobre la disminución del porcentaje de masa grasa, pero no es clínicamente relevante.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Chá , Humanos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrepeso/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico
13.
Nutr. hosp ; 29(3): 479-490, 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-120614

RESUMO

Introducción: La cafeína y las catequinas contenidas en el té verde podrían tener un efecto termogénico que favorece la pérdida de peso y de grasa corporal. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la magnitud del efecto del té verde o de sus extractos (cafeína y catequinas) sobre el peso corporal y la composición corporal. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis para determinar la magnitud del efecto del té verde o de sus extractos sobre el peso corporal (kg), índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), masa grasa (%), y perímetro de cintura (cm), o de cadera (cm). Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre los años 2000 y 2013, recuperados de PubMed/Medline con las siguientes características: ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) de grupos paralelos (intervención y placebo), con asignación aleatoria, doble cegado, y un seguimiento mínimo de 12 semanas, en individuos sanos de cualquier género, de edades superiores a los18 años, con IMC de 25-40 kg/ m2. De cada estudio incluido se estableció su calidad y riesgo de sesgos, y se realizó el análisis estadístico, con el software RevMan Crochrane Collaboration 5.1.6, según el modelo de efectos aleatorios con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%). Se estimó que el efecto era estadísticamente significativo en p < 0,05, y se evaluó la homogeneidad de los estudios mediante el índice I2. Resultados: La estrategia de búsqueda recuperó 154 estudios, de los cuales solamente 5 pudieron ser incluidos en el análisis cuantitativo. El análisis reveló una diferencia media (DM) estadísticamente no significativa de pérdida de peso, tanto en el análisis de subgrupos: individuos asiáticos -0,81 kg (95% IC: -2,76 a 1,13; P = 0,41; I2 = 0%; n = 210), individuos caucásicos -0,73 kg (95% IC: -3,22 a 1,75; P = 0,45; I2 = 0%; n = 91); como en su conjunto: -0,78 kg (95% IC: -2,31 a 0,75; P = 0,32; I2 = 0%; n = 301). Tampoco se observó una DM estadísticamente significativa de disminución del IMC, tanto en el análisis de subgrupos: individuos asiáticos -0,65 (95% IC: -1,85 a 0,54; P = 0,29; I2= 0%; n = 71), individuos caucásicos -0,21 (95% IC: -0,96 a 0,53; P = 0,58; I2 = 22%; n = 91); como en su conjunto: -0,31 kg (95% IC: -0,88 a 0,27; P = 0,30; I2 = 0%; n = 162), ni para el perímetro de cintura 0,08 cm (95% IC: -0,39 a 0,55; P = 0,73; I2 = 3%; n = 301) o cadera (95% IC: -1,14 a 0,93; P = 0,85; I2 = 0%; n = 210). En la evaluación del efecto sobre el porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG), no se halló una DM estadísticamente significativa para los subgrupos de población: individuos asiáticos -0,76 (95% IC: -1,59 a 0,08; P = 0,08; I2 = 0%; n = 169), individuos caucásicos -0,76 (95% IC: -2,22 a 0,70; P = 0,31; I2 = 36%; n = 93); pero sí una pequeña, aunque estadísticamente significativa, disminución en su conjunto -0,76 (95% IC: -1,44 a -0,09; P = 0,03; I2 = 0%; n = 260). Discusión: El efecto estadísticamente significativo del té verde sobre el %MG de toda la muestra no fue clínicamente relevante, hecho remarcado en los resultados de otros metaanálisis. Conclusión de los autores: La ingesta de té verde o de sus extractos no ejerce efectos estadísticamente significativos sobre el peso de adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Se observa un pequeño efecto sobre la disminución del porcentaje de masa grasa, pero no es clínicamente relevante (AU)


Introduction: Caffeine and catechins contained in green tea may have a thermogenic effect favoring weight and body fat loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of green tea or its extracts (caffeine and catechins) on body weight and body composition. Material and methods: A systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted to determine the magnitude of the effect of green tea or its extracts on body weight (kg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), fat mass (%), and waist and hip circumference (cm). We included studies published between 2000 and 2013, retrieved from PubMed/Medline with the following characteristics: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parallel groups (intervention and placebo), randomized, double-blind, and a minimum 12-week follow-up, in healthy individuals of either gender, 18 years or older, with a BMI of 25-40 kg/m2. Quality and risk of bias was assessed for every included study, and the statistical analysis was performed with the Crochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.1.6 software, according to the random effects model with a confidence interval of 95% (95%). It was established that the effect was statistically significant at p < 0.05, and the homogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I2 index. Results: The search strategy retrieved 154 studies, of which only five could be included in the quantitative analysis. The analysis revealed a not statistically significant mean difference (MD) in weight loss in the analyzed sample and subgroups: Asian individuals -0.81 kg (95% CI: -2.76 to 1.13; P = 0.41; I2 = 0%, n = 210), Caucasians -0.73 kg (95% CI: -3.22 to 1.75; P = 0.45; I2 = 0%; n = 91), as well as in the sample as a whole: -0.78 kg (95% CI: -2.31 to 0.75; P = 0.32; I2 = 0%; n = 301). No statistically significant decrease was revealed in BMI in the analyzed sample and subgroups: Asian individuals -0.65 (95% CI: -1.85 to 0.54; P = 0.29; I2 = 0%; n = 71), -0.21 Caucasians (95% CI: -0.96 to 0.53; P = 0.58; I2 = 22%; n = 91), as well as in the sample as a whole: -0.31 kg (95% CI: -0.88 to 0.27; P = 0.30; I2 = 0%; n = 162), nor for the waist circumference 0.08 cm (95% CI: -0.39 to 0.55; P = 0.73; I2 = 3%; n = 301) or hip (95% CI: -1.14 to 0.93; P = 0.85; I2 = 0%; n = 210). In the evaluation of the effect on the percentage of fat mass (FM%), MD was found not statistically significant for population subgroups: Asian individuals -0.76 (95% CI: -1.59 to 0.08; P = 0.08; I2 = 0%; n = 169), Caucasians -0.76 (95% CI: -2.22 to 0.70; P = 0.31; I2 = 36%; n = 93), but a small, although statistically significant, decrease in the overall effect was found -0.76 (95% CI: -1.44 to -0.09; P = 0.03; I2 = 0%; n = 260). Discussion: The statistically significant effect of green tea on the FM% of the entire sample was not clinically relevant, a fact also highlighted in the results of other meta-analysis. Conclusion of the authors: Green tea or gree tea extracts intake or its extracts exerts no statistically significant effect on the weight of overweight or obese adults. There is a small effect on the decrease in the percentage of fat mass, but it is not clinically relevant (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Peso Corporal , Cafeína/farmacocinética , Catequina/farmacocinética , Sobrepeso/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Chenopodium ambrosioides , Tecido Adiposo
14.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(6): 2039-2089, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-120415

RESUMO

Los lácteos contienen proteínas de alto valor biológico y alta digestibilidad, grasa, hidratos de carbono, y vitaminas y minerales, especialmente calcio y fósforo. La diversificación del consumo de lácteos permite un mayor consumo de los mismos, e ingestas más adecuadas de nutrientes. Entre el 20 y el 40% de niños y entre un 30 y un 45% de adultos ingieren un número de raciones de lácteos inferior a lo recomendado. En España, los lácteos aportan entre el 44 y el 70% del calcio. El consumo de lácteos se asocia positivamente con una mayor densidad mineral ósea. Más del 35% de los niños y adultos en España ingieren cantidades de calcio por debajo de las recomendaciones. El yogur contiene menos cantidad de lactosa que la leche y las bacterias que lo fermentan expresan lactasa funcionante. Se recomienda la ingesta de yogur para mejorar la digestión de la lactosa en individuos con maldigestión de la misma. Parece razonable recomendar la ingesta de yogur para mejorar la absorción de calcio, al menos en mujeres postmenopáusicas y para disminuir la incidencia y duración de las enfermedades infecciosas gastrointestinales en niños. El consumo de productos lácteos fermentados antes, durante y después del tratamiento médico de erradicación de Helicobacter Pylori, aumenta el efecto del medicamento entre un 5 y un 10%. El consumo de productos lácteos fermentados antes, durante y después del tratamiento con antibióticos, podría disminuir el riesgo de diarreas asociadas al uso de estos medicamentos. La FESNAD recomienda el siguiente consumo de leche y productos lácteos: Adultos, 2-3 raciones/día; escolares, 2-3 raciones/día; adolescentes, 3-4 raciones/día; mujeres en embarazo, lactancia o menopausia, 3-4 raciones/día; personas mayores, 2-4 raciones/día. Teniendo en cuenta que el consumo de yogur y otras leches fermentadas presenta algunas ventajas sobre el consumo de otros productos lácteos se recomienda incluir el yogur dentro del consumo diario y variado de lácteos (AU)


Milk products contain proteins of high biologic value and digestibility; they also contain fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, specially calcium and phosphorus. Diversification of milk products consumption allows a high consumptiom of the above mentioned products, optimizing nutrient intake. In Spain, food consumption of milk products lower than the recommended amounts was observed in 20 to 40 % of the children and 30 to 45 % of the adults. Milk products represent 44 to 70 % of calcium intake in the Spanish population. Milk products consumption is positively associated with a high bone mineral density. More than 35 % of children and adults in Spain had calcium intakes below the national recommendations. Yogur contains less lactose than regular milk and fermenting milk bacteries express functioning lactase. Yogur intake is recommended to improve lactose digestion in individuals having lactose maldigestion. It seems reasonable to recommend yogur to improve calcium absorption, at least in post-menopausal women, and also for decreasing incidence and duration of infectious gastrointestinal disorders in children. Fermented milk products consumption, before, during and after medical eradication of Helicobacter Pylori, increases 5 to 10 % the effect of the specific drug therapy. Its consumption before, during and after antibiotic treatment, could also reduce the risk of diarrhea associated with the use of the above mentioned drugs. The Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Feeding and Dietetic Societies (FESNAD) recommend the following consumption of milk and milk products: Adults, 2-3 portions/day; school-age children, 2-3 portions/day; adolescents, 3-4 portions/day; pregnant and lactating women and during menopause, 3-4 portions/day; elderly, 2-4 portions/day. Considering yogur and fermented milk consumption show some advantages when compared with other milk products, we can recommend yogur within a daily and varied consumption of milk products (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Iogurte/análise , Produtos Fermentados do Leite , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Valor Nutritivo , Alimentos Integrais/análise , Cálcio da Dieta/análise
17.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(6): 2039-89, 2013 Nov 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24506386

RESUMO

Milk products contain proteins of high biologic value and digestibility; they also contain fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, specially calcium and phosphorus. Diversification of milk products consumption allows a high consumptiom of the above mentioned products, optimizing nutrient intake. In Spain, food consumption of milk products lower than the recommended amounts was observed in 20 to 40 % of the children and 30 to 45 % of the adults. Milk products represent 44 to 70 % of calcium intake in the Spanish population. Milk products consumption is positively associated with a high bone mineral density. More than 35 % of children and adults in Spain had calcium intakes below the national recommendations. Yogur contains less lactose than regular milk and fermenting milk bacteries express functioning lactase. Yogur intake is recommended to improve lactose digestion in individuals having lactose maldigestion. It seems reasonable to recommend yogur to improve calcium absorption, at least in post-menopausal women, and also for decreasing incidence and duration of infectious gastrointestinal disorders in children. Fermented milk products consumption, before, during and after medical eradication of Helicobacter Pylori, increases 5 to 10 % the effect of the specific drug therapy. Its consumption before, during and after antibiotic treatment, could also reduce the risk of diarrhea associated with the use of the above mentioned drugs. The Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Feeding and Dietetic Societies (FESNAD) recommend the following consumption of milk and milk products: Adults, 2-3 portions/day; school-age children, 2-3 portions/day; adolescents, 3-4 portions/day; pregnant and lactating women and during menopause, 3-4 portions/day; elderly, 2-4 portions/day. Considering yogur and fermented milk consumption show some advantages when compared with other milk products, we can recommend yogur within a daily and varied consumption of milk products.


Los lácteos contienen proteínas de alto valor biológico y alta digestibilidad, grasa, hidratos de carbono, y vitaminas y minerales, especialmente calcio y fósforo. La diversificación del consumo de lácteos permite un mayor consumo de los mismos, e ingestas más adecuadas de nutrientes. Entre el 20 y el 40% de niños y entre un 30 y un 45% de adultos ingieren un número de raciones de lácteos inferior a lo recomendado. En España, los lácteos aportan entre el 44 y el 70% del calcio. El consumo de lácteos se asocia positivamente con una mayor densidad mineral ósea. Más del 35% de los niños y adultos en España ingieren cantidades de calcio por debajo de las recomendaciones. El yogur contiene menos cantidad de lactosa que la leche y las bacterias que lo fermentan expresan lactasa funcionante. Se recomienda la ingesta de yogur para mejorar la digestión de la lactosa en individuos con maldigestión de la misma. Parece razonable recomendar la ingesta de yogur para mejorar la absorción de calcio, al menos en mujeres postmenopáusicas y para disminuir la incidencia y duración de las enfermedades infecciosas gastrointestinales en niños. El consumo de productos lácteos fermentados antes, durante y después del tratamiento médico de erradicación de Helicobacter Pylori, aumenta el efecto del medicamento entre un 5 y un 10%. El consumo de productos lácteos fermentados antes, durante y después del tratamiento con antibióticos, podría disminuir el riesgo de diarreas asociadas al uso de estos medicamentos. La FESNAD recomienda el siguiente consumo de leche y productos lácteos: Adultos, 2-3 raciones/día; escolares, 2-3 raciones/día; adolescentes, 3-4 raciones/día; mujeres en embarazo, lactancia o menopausia, 3-4 raciones/día; personas mayores, 2-4 raciones/día. Teniendo en cuenta que el consumo de yogur y otras leches fermentadas presenta algunas ventajas sobre el consumo de otros productos lácteos se recomienda incluir el yogur dentro del consumo diario y variado de lácteos.


Assuntos
Laticínios , Iogurte , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Fermentação , Alimento Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Espanha , Adulto Jovem
18.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 14(3): 163-171, jul.-sept. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-81022

RESUMO

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la obesidad esuno de los factores que más influye en el riesgo de padecerenfermedades crónicas y morir prematuramente.El tratamiento integral de la obesidad se caracteriza no sólopor la implantación de un régimen dietético moderado, sinotambién por la modificación de los hábitos alimentarios ydel estilo de vida.Debido a que el tratamiento de la obesidad es un procesocrónico, la dieta prescrita deberá ser mantenida a largoplazo. Para asegurar un cumplimiento a largo plazo de ladieta hipocalórica prescrita, además de cumplir los requisitosnecesarios para la creación de un balance energéticonegativo, deberá ser equilibrada, variada, sabrosa y adaptadaa las necesidades del enfermo.A lo largo de los años se han desarrollado, incluso se haninventado, diversos tipos de dietas para conseguir unapérdida de peso rápida que en muchos casos es fruto deuna búsqueda de beneficios económicos, más que de lapromoción de una dieta sana y equilibrada. Estas “dietasmilagro” o “dietas populares” usan estrategias variadasy argumentos pseudo-científicos para convencer de susbondades. El tratamiento de la obesidad es un procesoa largo plazo, en que no sólo está implicada la pérdidade peso, sino también la adquisición de hábitos de vidasaludables, por lo que deberá ser llevado a cabo porun equipo multidisciplinar en el cual deberán tener unpeso importante de implicación la figura del psicólogo,el profesional en materia de actividad física y deporte yel dietista-nutricionista experto en nutrición equilibrada yalimentación saludable(AU)


According to the World Health Organization, obesity is oneof the more important risk factors for chronic diseases andpremature death.Overall treatment of obesity is characterized not only byimplementation of a moderate diet plan, but also by changesin dietary habits and life style.Since treatment of obesity is a chronic process, dietarytreatment should be maintained in the long term. In orderto ensure adherence to a low calorie diet prescription overa long period, apart from considering the requirements tosatisfy a negative energy balance, the dietary prescriptionshould be balanced, varied, pleasant and adapted topatient’s needs.Over the years different types of diets have been developedor even invented, to achieve a rapid weight loss, whichoften seeks economic benefits, rather than the promotionof a healthy and balanced diet. These “miracle diets”or “popular diets” use several strategies and pseudoscientificarguments to convince about their benefits.Obesity treatment is a long term process, involving notonly weight loss, but also acquiring healthier life styles,therefore a multidisciplinary team must be responsible forit with important involvement and contribution psychologists,physical activity experts and experienced dietitiansin balance nutrition and healthy diet(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Dieta Redutora , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Redução de Peso , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia
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