Relação entre duração do sono, sintomas depressivos e estresse em pessoas idosas da comunidade / Relationship between sleep duration, depressive symptoms and stress in older people in the community

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se existe relação entre duração do sono, sintomas depressivos e estresse em pessoas idosas da comunidade. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 116 idosas residentes em áreas de Unidades de Saúde da Família no município de São Carlos/SP. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica; Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh; Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e Escala de Estresse Percebido. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, Kruskall-Wallis, teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão linear múltipla. Resultados Entre as idosas, 50% referiram ter boa qualidade do sono e 49,1% dormiam entre sete e nove horas de sono noturno. Quando comparadas, as idosas com maior duração do sono apresentaram mais sintomas depressivos e escores mais elevados para o estresse percebido. Conclusão O modelo com aplicação do método hierárquico aponta que existe relação entre duração do sono, sintomas depressivos e estresse.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify whether there is a relationship between sleep duration, depressive symptoms and stress in elderly people in the community. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with 116 older people living in areas of Family Health Units in the city of São Carlos/SP. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic characterization questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Geriatric Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. The statistical tests used were Pearson's chi-square test, Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney test and Multiple Linear Regression. Results 50% of the older people reported a good quality of sleep and 49.1% slept between seven and nine hours of sleep at night. When compared, older women with longer sleep duration had more depressive symptoms and higher scores for perceived stress. Conclusion The model with application of the hierarchical method points out that there is a relationship between sleep duration, depressive symptoms and stress.

Correlation of family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults.

AIM: to analyze the relationship between family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older people. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 98 informal caregivers of hospitalized older people in an inpatient unit of a large hospital in São Carlos, São Paulo. For data collection were used questionnaires to sociodemographic and care context characterization, to evaluate burden and family functionality. Descriptive analyzes and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS: female caregivers predominated, who took care of their parents and had no training. Approximately 59.8% of caregivers had good family functionality and 49.5% scored for mild to moderate burden. There was a negative correlation, moderate magnitude, between family functionality and burden (p<0,001). The higher the burden score, the lower the family functionality score and vice versa. CONCLUSION: caregivers with high burden had worse family functionality. Therefore, nurses need to identify such conditions early and implement assertive interventions so that the family functions as a therapeutic resource.

Correlation of family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults / Correlación de funcionalidad familiar y sobrecarga de cuidadores informales de ancianos hospitalizados / Correlação da funcionalidade familiar e sobrecarga de cuidadores informais de idosos hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Aim to analyze the relationship between family functionality and burden of informal caregivers of hospitalized older people. Methods this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 98 informal caregivers of hospitalized older people in an inpatient unit of a large hospital in São Carlos, São Paulo. For data collection were used questionnaires to sociodemographic and care context characterization, to evaluate burden and family functionality. Descriptive analyzes and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used. Results female caregivers predominated, who took care of their parents and had no training. Approximately 59.8% of caregivers had good family functionality and 49.5% scored for mild to moderate burden. There was a negative correlation, moderate magnitude, between family functionality and burden (p<0,001). The higher the burden score, the lower the family functionality score and vice versa. Conclusion caregivers with high burden had worse family functionality. Therefore, nurses need to identify such conditions early and implement assertive interventions so that the family functions as a therapeutic resource.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar la relación entre la funcionalidad familiar y la sobrecarga de los cuidadores informales de ancianos hospitalizados. Métodos estudio transversal realizado con 98 cuidadores informales de ancianos hospitalizados en una unidad de internación de un gran hospital de São Carlos, São Paulo. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron cuestionarios para caracterizar sociodemográficos y contexto de atención, para evaluar la sobrecarga y funcionalidad familiar. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados predominaban las cuidadoras femeninas, que cuidaban a sus padres y carecían de formación. Acerca de 59,8% de los cuidadores mostró una buena funcionalidad familiar y 49,5% puntuó por sobrecarga leve a moderada. Hubo una correlación negativa, de magnitud moderada, entre funcionalidad familiar y sobrecarga (p <0,001). Cuanto mayor puntuación de carga, menor puntuación de funcionalidad familiar y viceversa Conclusión los cuidadores con alta carga tenían peor funcionalidad familiar. Por lo tanto, las enfermeras necesitan identificar estas condiciones de manera temprana e implementar intervenciones asertivas para que la familia pueda funcionar como un recurso terapéutico.

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a relação entre funcionalidade familiar e sobrecarga de cuidadores informais de idosos hospitalizados. Método estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 98 cuidadores informais de idosos hospitalizados em São Carlos, São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados questionários para caracterização sociodemográfica e do contexto de cuidado, para avaliação da sobrecarga e da funcionalidade familiar. Foram usadas análises descritivas e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados predominaram cuidadores do sexo feminino, que cuidavam de seus progenitores e não possuíam capacitação. Aproximadamente 59,8% deles apresentaram boa funcionalidade familiar, e 49,5%, sobrecarga leve a moderada. Houve correlação negativa, de moderada magnitude, entre funcionalidade familiar e sobrecarga (p<0,001). Quanto maior o escore de sobrecarga, menor o escore de funcionalidade familiar e vice-versa. Conclusão cuidadores com alta sobrecarga apresentaram pior funcionalidade familiar. Diante disso, enfermeiros precisam identificar precocemente tais condições e implementar intervenções assertivas para que a família funcione como um recurso terapêutico.

Duration of night sleep and cognitive performance of community older adults.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship between the duration of self-reported night sleep and the cognitive performance of older adults. METHOD: the sample consisted of 156 older adults registered in Family Health Units (FHUs) in a city of São Paulo, divided into quartiles according to the duration of night sleep. Data collection was performed using a characterization questionnaire, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam - Revised (ACE-R) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: the older adults obtained a mean of 61.94 points in ACE-R and 55.1% presented good sleep quality. Comparative analyses showed differences between the groups only in the cognitive domain of verbal fluency (p=0.018). The post-hoc analyses showed that older adults who slept more hours, a mean of 8.85 hours (Q1), had lower scores when compared to those who slept a mean of 6.11 hours (Q3) (p=0.004) and of 4.52 hours (Q4) (p=0.045). The adjusted model with application of the stepwise method showed a relationship between the independent variables of schooling and sleep duration and the domain verbal fluency. CONCLUSION: it is concluded that sleep duration is related to the verbal fluency cognitive domain.

Are body fat and inflammatory markers independently associated with age-related muscle changes?

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A growing number of studies have shown that body fat and inflammation are associated with age-related changes in body muscle composition. However, most of these studies did not control for potential confounders. The aim was to determine whether there is an association between body fat and inflammatory cytokines with muscle mass/strength decline in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Anthropometric, physical and functionality variables were collected. Nutritional status was assessed by the MNA form. Dynapenia was assessed with handgrip strength on the dominant hand using a dynamometer. Sarcopenia was determined using adapted criteria from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in plasma using a multiplex assay. Associations to muscle mass/strength decline were analyzed using a multinominal logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: We recruited a convenience sample of 311 adults aged 60 years or older. Most of subjects were sufficiently active females with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 64-74 years), whereas about a half (46.3%) were at risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of dynapenia was 38.3%, whereas sarcopenia was 13.2%. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that relative fat mass index is independently associated with sarcopenia. Loss of strength was independently associated only with female sex, lower physical activity, worse nutrition and IL-10/TNF-α ratio, whereas female sex, an insufficiently active lifestyle and relative fat mass index were the key determinants of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of physical activity and healthy diet as effective interventions to prevent muscle mass/strength decline, and points to IL-10/TNF-α ratio and body fat as independently associated factors for dynapenia and sarcopenia, respectively.

Duration of night sleep and cognitive performance of community older adults / Duração do sono noturno e desempenho cognitivo de idosos da comunidade / Duración del sueño nocturno y desempeño cognitivo de adultos mayores de la comunidad

Objective: to analyze the relationship between the duration of self-reported night sleep and the cognitive performance of older adults. Method: the sample consisted of 156 older adults registered in Family Health Units (FHUs) in a city of São Paulo, divided into quartiles according to the duration of night sleep. Data collection was performed using a characterization questionnaire, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam - Revised (ACE-R) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistical analyses were performed. Results: the older adults obtained a mean of 61.94 points in ACE-R and 55.1% presented good sleep quality. Comparative analyses showed differences between the groups only in the cognitive domain of verbal fluency (p=0.018). The post-hoc analyses showed that older adults who slept more hours, a mean of 8.85 hours (Q1), had lower scores when compared to those who slept a mean of 6.11 hours (Q3) (p=0.004) and of 4.52 hours (Q4) (p=0.045). The adjusted model with application of the stepwise method showed a relationship between the independent variables of schooling and sleep duration and the domain verbal fluency. Conclusion: it is concluded that sleep duration is related to the verbal fluency cognitive domain.

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a duração do sono noturno autorrelatada e o desempenho cognitivo de idosos. Método: a amostra foi constituída por 156 idosos cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) de um munícipio paulista divididos em quartis segundo a duração do sono noturno. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário de caracterização, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke - Revisado (ACE-R) e Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Foram feitas análises estatísticas descritivas, comparativas e correlacionais. Resultados: os idosos obtiveram média de 61,94 pontos no ACE-R e 55,1% apresentavam boa qualidade de sono. As análises comparativas evidenciaram diferenças entre os grupos apenas no domínio cognitivo fluência verbal (p=0,018). As análises post-hoc apontaram que idosos que dormiam maior número de horas, em média 8,85 horas (Q1), tinham escores inferiores quando comparados aos idosos que dormiam em média 6,11 horas (Q3) (p=0,004) e 4,52 horas (Q4) (p=0,045). O modelo ajustado com aplicação do método stepwise apontou relação das variáveis independentes escolaridade e duração do sono com o domínio fluência verbal. Conclusão: conclui-se que a duração do sono tem relação com o domínio cognitivo fluência verbal.

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la duración del sueño nocturno autoinformado y el rendimiento cognitivo de los adultos mayores. Método: la muestra estuvo conformada por 156 ancianos inscritos en Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) de una ciudad de São Paulo, divididos en cuartiles según la duración del sueño nocturno. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario de caracterización, el Examen cognitivo revisado de Addenbrooke (ACE-R) y el Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, comparativos y correlacionales. Resultados: los ancianos tuvieron una media de 61,94 puntos en el ACE-R y el 55,1% tuvo buena calidad del sueño. Los análisis comparativos mostraron diferencias entre los grupos solo en el dominio cognitivo de la fluidez verbal (p=0,018). Los análisis post-hoc mostraron que las personas mayores que durmieron más horas, en promedio 8,85 horas (Q1), tuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en comparación con las personas mayores que durmieron en promedio 6,11 horas (Q3) (p=0,004) y 4,52 horas (Q4) (p=0,045). El modelo ajustado con la aplicación del método stepwise mostró una relación entre las variables independientes educación y duración del sueño con el dominio fluidez verbal. Conclusión: se concluye que la duración del sueño está relacionada con el dominio cognitivo de la fluidez verbal.

Autocompaixão e ações de promoção à saúde mental como moderadores da ansiedade entre idosos institucionalizados / Self-compassion and mental health promotion actions as moderators of anxiety among institutionalized older adults

Objetivou-se verificar a relação entre ansiedade, autocompaixão e ações de promoção à saúde mental de idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência. Estudo exploratório, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 88 idosos residentes em seis instituições de cinco cidades do interior do Estado de São Paulo, entre 2016 e 2017, utilizando um questionário de caracterização dos participantes, o Mini exame do Estado Mental, o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck e a Escala de Autocompaixão. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, correlacionais e de regressão linear múltipla pelos mínimos quadrados ordinários. Todos os cuidados éticos foram respeitados. Para cada um ponto de aumento nos escores de autocompaixão houve redução de 1,11% nos escores de ansiedade (p=0,005). Ações de promoção à saúde mental reduziram em 0,54% (p=0,043) os escores de ansiedade. Concluiu-se que a autocompaixão e as ações de promoção à saúde mental reduziram a ansiedade em idosos institucionalizados.

The objective of this study has been to verify the relationship between anxiety, self-compassion, and actions to promote mental health of older adults living in long-term facilities. This is an exploratory, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, carried out with 88 older adults living in six institutions in five cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2016 and 2017, using a questionnaire to characterize the participants, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Descriptive, correlational, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed using ordinary least squares. All ethical precautions were followed. For each point of increase in self-compassion scores, there was a 1.11% decrease in anxiety scores (p = 0.005). Actions to promote mental health reduced anxiety scores by 0.54% (p = 0.043). Thus, this study concludes that self-compassion and mental health promotion actions reduced anxiety in institutionalized older adults.

Associações entre estresse, sintomas depressivos e insônia em idosos / Associations among stress, depressive symptoms, and insomnia in elders

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar associação entre variáveis emocionais (estresse e sintomas depressivos) e o autorrelato de dificuldade para dormir em idosos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e de corte transversal com 341 idosos cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de São Carlos - SP, divididos em: (a) grupo sem dificuldade para dormir autorrelatada e (b) grupo com dificuldade para dormir autorrelatada. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram: Ficha de Caracterização do Idoso com Questão Específica de Dificuldade para Dormir Autorrelatada, Escala de Estresse Percebido e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Resultados: A dificuldade para dormir foi autorrelatada em 47,5% da amostra (n = 162). Os níveis de estresse no grupo de idosos com dificuldade para dormir mostrou-se mais elevado (M = 21,29 pontos) que no grupo sem dificuldade para dormir (M = 15,97) (U = 10034,50; p = 0,010). Os idosos com dificuldade para dormir apresentavam maior número de sintomas depressivos (M = 4,41 pontos) quando comparados aos sem dificuldade para dormir (M = 3,09 pontos) (U = 10427,50, p = 0,000). Conclusão: O estudo observou que idosos que autorrelataram dificuldade para dormir apresentaram níveis de estresse mais elevados e maiores escores na escala de sintomas depressivos, permitindo concluir que há associação entre variáveis emocionais e dificuldade para dormir em idosos.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify an association between emotional variables (stress and depressive symptoms) and the self-report of difficulty sleeping in the elderly. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study with 341 elderly people registered in Family Health Units in the city of São Carlos - SP were interviewed, divided into (a) Self-reported group without difficulty and (b) Group with difficulty sleeping self-reported. The instruments for data collection were Characterization Sheet for the Elderly with Specific Question of Difficulty in Self-Reported Sleep, Perceived Stress Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: The difficulty to sleep was self-reported in 47.5% of the sample (n = 162). The stress levels of the elderly group with difficulty sleeping were higher (M = 21.29 points) than in the group without difficulty sleeping (M = 15.97) (U = 10034.50; p = 0.010). In addition, elderly people with difficulty sleeping had a higher number of depressive symptoms (M = 4.41 points) when compared to those without difficulty sleeping (M = 3.09 points) (U = 10427.50, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study observed that elderly people who self-reported difficulty sleeping had higher levels of stress and higher scores on the scale of depressive symptoms, allowing concluding that there is an association between emotional variables and difficulty sleeping in the elderly.