RESUMO
We report the synthesis of a novel heteroheptanuclear metal string complex (HMSC) [Ni3Ru2Ni2(µ7-teptra)4(NCS)2](PF6) 1 supported by tetra-pyridyl-tri-amine (H3teptra) ligands. We employed X-ray diffraction and other spectroscopic techniques to characterize the complex. The observed remarkably short Ru-Ru distance of 2.2499(3) Å for 1 is indicative of a unique metal-metal interaction in the mixed-valence [Ru2]5+ (S = 3/2) unit. The complex exhibits a relatively high magnetic moment value of 4.55 B.M. at 4 K, which increases rapidly to 6.00 B.M. at 30 K and remains at 6.11 B.M. from 50 to 300 K as shown by SQUID measurements, indicating a high spin (S≥ 3/2) system which is further supported by the analyses of EPR spectra at low temperatures. These magnetic behaviors can be ascribed to the result of spin-exchange interactions among multi-spin centers.
RESUMO
We report the syntheses, characterization, electronic structures and magnetic properties of four redox pairs of novel nickel-extended metal-atom chain (EMAC) complexes containing pyridine-, naphthyridine- and sulfonyl-containing ligands (H2Tspnda and H2Mspnda) (1-2 and 5-6). We further study the corresponding phenyl-substituted ligands (H2Tsphpnda and H2Msphpnda) (3-4 and 7-8) to examine the details of ligand effects. The X-ray structure of one-electron-reduced [Ni5]9+ complexes shows shorter Ni-Ni bond distances (2.2646(6) for 1, 2.2943(7) for 3, 2.2436(11) for 5 and 2.2322(8) Å for 7) in comparison with an average Ni-Ni distance of 2.3187(8) Å for these complexes, indicative of a partial metal-metal bond interaction in the mixed-valence [Ni2]3+ (S = 3/2) unit. The most striking result is that the [Ni2]3+ site migrates from Ni(1)-Ni(2) to Ni(2)-Ni(3) when we replace the p-tolyl-sulfonyl group with methyl-sulfonyl group. These complexes present a rare example of the effect of crystal packing on the symmetric molecular structure yielding unsymmetric electronic distribution. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show four reversible redox waves and display the lower potentials of the [Ni5]9+ complexes. These unusual lower potentials facilitate one-electron oxidation of these four complexes to [Ni5]10+-core forms. We applied the magnetic susceptibility and EPR measurements to examine the magnetic properties of these four [Ni5]9+-core pentanickel complexes and study the bonding nature of these mixed-valence [Ni2]3+ units. Indeed, the results of EPR measurements reflect the migration of the mixed-valence site and the change of symmetry. Surprisingly, the oxidized [Ni5]10+ counterparts behave differently: complex 2 exhibits an antiferromagnetic interaction with J = -13.59 cm-1 between the two terminal Ni ions, while the others (4, 6 and 8) display diamagnetic properties as all of the Ni2+ ions are in low-spin (S = 0) states. These three complexes, to the best of our knowledge, are the first examples of all Ni2+ ions in a null spin configuration for pentanickel chains. Even though the structures of these complexes are similar to each other, their corresponding electronic structure and oxidized products show drastic changes in their magnetic properties and bonding nature. These differences of the properties and bonding nature of these pentanickel complexes are attributed to the ligand effects.
RESUMO
Against experimental values obtained from solution-phase dc electric field induced second-harmonic generation measurements at a fundamental wavelength of 1910 nm, the performance of 20 exchange-correlation functionals in density functional theory in evaluation of solvent modulated dynamic first hyperpolarizabilities of 82 organic molecules in chloroform, 1,4-dioxane, and/or dichloromethane was evaluated. The used exchange-correlation functionals consisted of generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA, global hybrids, and range-separated hybrids. The PCM-X/6-311+G(2d,p)//PCM-B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p) level of theory was employed. The calculated results showed functionals with the exact asymptote of the exchange potential gave satisfying linear correlation with R(2) of 0.95 between experimental data and theoretical values. With a linear correction, these functionals also provided a better accuracy with mean absolute error of 5 × 10(-30) esu than other functionals. The solvent effect and solvation scheme on the calculated property were also studied.