Combined Effect of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Abdominal Obesity in ELSA-Brasil Participants.

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal obesity is a pattern of obesity that has been considered a public health problem. Physical activity is considered an important factor for the prevention of abdominal obesity. Increased time in sedentary behavior has been associated with negative health outcomes, including abdominal obesity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate which combination of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior contributes most to the prevention of abdominal obesity in adults participating in ELSA-Brasil (Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). METHODS: The study was cross-sectional and participants from the first follow-up of the ELSA-Brasil cohort (2012-2014) were analyzed. The independent variables were physical activity, assessed by IPAQ, and sedentary behavior, assessed by a standard questionnaire applied in ELSA-Brasil; the dependent variable was abdominal obesity, determined by waist circumference. The covariates analyzed were the following: age, education, binge drinking, smoking and menopause. The associations between the dependent variable and the independent variables were analyzed using logistic regression. The odds ratio with 95 CI% was estimated. RESULTS: For men, the combinations were more significant when they were more physically active and spent less time on the sedentary behaviors analyzed, on both a weekday and a weekend day. For menopausal women, both younger and older, all associations of the combinations between sufficient leisure-time physical activity and little time spent in sedentary behaviors contributed to the prevention of abdominal obesity. In non-menopausal women, positive associations were observed in almost all combinations between leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behaviors, with some results that were not statistically significant among younger women. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that being sufficiently active and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior was the combination that contributed the most to the prevention of abdominal obesity, both in men and women.

Work from home and the association with sedentary behaviors, leisure-time and domestic physical activity in the ELSA-Brasil study.

BACKGROUND: Work from home (WFH) can impact workers´ sedentary behaviors and levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between WFH and workers´ sedentary behaviors, leisure-time and domestic physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and verify whether age and sex may act as effect modifiers. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2544 participants in the supplementary study on COVID-19 in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) from July 2020 to February 2021. We assessed screen time (≤ 8 h/day versus > 8 h/day), accumulated sitting time (≤ 8 h/day versus > 8 h/day) as sedentary behaviors on a typical day, and leisure-time (active versus inactive, according to World Health Organization recommendations) and domestic (low versus high, according to median) physical activity, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), before and during social distancing. Logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Participants that were working from home during social distancing showed increased odds of screen time and sitting time greater than 8 h/day (OR = 3.12; 95%CI: 2.32-4.20 and OR = 2.68; 95%CI: 2.02-3.56, respectively) and higher odds of high domestic physical activity (OR = 1.29; 95%CI: 0.99-1.67) when compared to those not working from home. There was no association between WFH and leisure-time physical activity (OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.75,1.31). Age was an effect modifier in the association between WFH and leisure-time physical activity and domestic activity. Older people working from home showed higher odds of physical inactivity (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.07,3.16) and high domestic physical activity (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.12,3.27) compared to older people not working from home. CONCLUSION: WFH was associated with sedentary behavior > 8 h/day and high domestic physical activity. In the older people, WFH was associated with physical inactivity and high domestic physical activity. As sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are consistently negatively associated with health, it is important to discuss policies to manage WFH that allow pauses from physical activities and performance of hours of work within preestablished limits to reduce sedentary behavior. In addition, individuals working from home, especially the older people, should be encouraged to engage in leisure-time physical activity as a form of health promotion.

Anthropometric trajectory in the course of life and occurrence of sarcopenia in men and women: results from the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

This study aimed to identify patterns of anthropometric trajectories throughout life and to analyse their association with the occurrence of sarcopenia in people from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). It is a cross-sectional study involving 9670 public servants, aged 38-79 years, who answered the call for new data collection and exams, conducted approximately 4 years after the study baseline (2012-2014). Data sequence analysis was used to identify patterns of anthropometric trajectory. A theoretical model was elaborated based on the directed acyclic graph (DAG) to select the variables of minimum adjustment in the analysis of the causal effect between trajectory and sarcopenia. Poisson regression with robust variance was adopted for data analysis. The patterns of change in the anthropometric trajectory were classified in stable weight (T1); change to normal weight (T2); change to excess weight (T3); weight fluctuation (T4) and change to low weight (T5). The prevalence of sarcopenia in men and women who changed the anthropometric path for the low weight was twice as large when compared to participants with a stable weight trajectory. A protective effect of the excess weight trajectory was observed for the occurrence of sarcopenia in them. The results pointed to the need for health policies that encourage the proper management of body components in order to prevent and control obesity, as well as to preserve the quantity and quality of skeletal muscle mass throughout life, especially in older adults.

Association of sex and training phase with physical activity and sedentary behavior in nursing students / Associação do sexo e fase de formação com atividade física e comportamento sedentário em universitários de enfermagem

Abstract Physical Insufficient levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior are highly prevalent worldwide and associated with cardiometabolic diseases and may vary according to gender and academic training. The objective was to investigate the association of sex and academic training with the level of physical activity and time spent in sedentary behavior in nursing students. It is a cross-sectional study with 286 nursing students from a public university. A sociodemographic and academic characterization instrument and an extended version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Pearson's Chi-Square/Fisher's Exact test. The significance level was 5%. 65.7% of university students were active. Men were more active in leisure (p=0.000) and commuting (p=0.03). There was no association between sex and semester and total physical activity level. The prevalence of time in sedentary behavior ≥ 8 h/day for seven, five days, and weekends were 39.3%, 57.1%, and 21.4% for men and 55.0%, 65.1%, and 43.0% for women. A more significant proportion of women showed time in sedentary behavior ≥ 8 h/day on weekends (p=0.015) than men. A higher proportion between the 1st and 5th semesters remained ≥ 8 h/day in sedentary behavior on seven (p=0.024) and five days (p=0.001) week compared to those between the 6th and 10th semesters. The prevalence of insufficient physical activity levels and a long time in sedentary behavior were high and influenced by gender and training phase. Men were more active in commuting and leisure than women. Sedentary behavior is associated with gender and a training phase.

Resumo Nível insuficiente de atividade física e comportamento sedentário estão associados a doenças cardiometabólicas e apresentam prevalências elevadas mundialmente e podem variar entre sexo e fase de formação de universitários (as) em enfermagem. Objetivou-se investigar a associação do sexo e da fase de formação acadêmica com o nível de atividade física e tempo em comportamento sedentário em universitários de enfermagem. Estudo transversal, com 286 universitários de enfermagem de uma Universidade pública. Aplicou-se instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica, acadêmica e versão longa do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, analisados descritivamente e pelo teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson/Exato de Fisher. O nível de significância foi de 5%. 65,7% dos universitários eram ativos. Homens foram mais ativos no lazer (p=0,000) e deslocamento (p=0,03). Não houve associação do sexo e do semestre com nível de atividade física total. As prevalências do tempo em comportamento sedentário ≥ 8 h/dia, durante sete, cinco dias e final de semana foram, respectivamente, 39,3%, 57,1% e 21,4% para homens e 55,0%, 65,1% e 43,0% para mulheres. Maior proporção de mulheres apresentou tempo em comportamento sedentário ≥ 8 h/dia no final de semana (p=0,015). Maior proporção entre o 1º e 5º semestres permaneciam ≥ 8 h/dia em comportamento sedentário em sete (p=0.024) e cinco dias (p=0.001) na semana comparados àqueles entre o 6º e 10º semestre. As prevalências do nível insuficiente de atividade física e tempo elevado em comportamento sedentário foram altas. Homens foram mais ativos no deslocamento e no lazer do que as mulheres. Comportamento sedentário se associou ao gênero e a fase de formação.

Leisure Time Physical Activity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection among ELSA-Brasil Participants.

The regular practice of physical activity (PA) can reduce the chance of aggravation of the disease and lower rates of hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19, but few studies have analyzed the association of PA with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between PA and self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. A longitudinal study was conducted with data from 4476 ELSA-Brasil participants who had their PA analyzed twice, once in 2016-2018 and again in 2020. PA was identified using the IPAQ at both follow-up moments and categorized into four groups: (a) remained physically inactive (reference); (b) remained physically active; (c) became physically active in the second moment; and (d) became physically inactive in the second moment. The variables of age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and specific protective practices against COVID-19 were tested as possible confounders. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. Remaining physically active was associated with a 43% reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection only among those who used specific practices to protect against COVID-19, OR = 0.57 and CI = 0.32-0.99. The results suggested that regular practice of PA can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among those who have used specific practices to protect against COVID-19 during the pandemic.

Association between Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Cross-Sectional Results from ELSA-Brasil.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to verify the association between Sedentary Behavior (SB) and performance on cognitive function tests in middle-aged and elderly adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 6505 participants (55.2% women) of ELSA-Brasil, with a median age of 61 years. The different types of SB considered were sitting time and screen time. The scores obtained in the memory, language, and executive function tests were used to assess cognitive performance (CP). The association between SB and CP was assessed using linear regression. RESULTS: For men, sitting time was associated with better performance in memory, language, and executive function tests. Screen time on the weekend, showed a favorable association with performance in the executive function test. Occupational screen time on weekdays was positively associated with language test performance. For women, sitting time and occupational screen time were positively associated with performance on memory tests. SB was favorably associated with performance in language tests and executive function tests. CONCLUSIONS: SB seems to favor CP in this population without evident dementia and with a high level of education. The type of SB (mentally active or passive) and the schooling seem to be of particular interest for cognitive performance.

Physical Activity, Empowerment of the Immune System and Public Health: What We Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The importance of physical activity for the cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health systems with its repercussions for public health has been studied for some time, although further studies are needed due to the depletion of health services observed during the COVID-19 pandemic [...].

Physical activity and mortality due to covid-19 in the brazilian capitals: an ecological analysis / Actividad física y mortalidad por covid-19 en las capitales brasileñas: un análisis ecológico / Atividade física e mortalidade por covid-19 nas capitais brasileiras: uma análise ecológica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Few studies have analyzed the association between physical activity and hospitalizations or mortality as a result of the new coronavirus, particularly in Brazil. Objective: To analyze the association between physical activity and deaths by Covid-19 in the Brazilian capitals. Method: An observational cross-sectional ecological study, in which data on the prevalence of physical activity during leisure time, and deaths by Covid-19 were analyzed for twenty-six Brazilian capitals plus the Federal District. Data were collected through the Risk Factor Surveillance System for chronic non-communicable diseases, and SUS Analytical for COVID-19 in Brazil, of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. For the data analysis, simple Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: The data show the existence of an inverse correlation between physical activity during leisure time and accumulated deaths (r = −0.44, p = 0.03), mortality rate/100,000 inhabitants (r = −0.43, p = 0.02), and the lethality of the disease (r = −0.51, p = 0.01). They also show an inverse association between physical activity during leisure time and accumulated deaths (β = −485.1, p = 0.04), as well as with the lethality of the disease (β = −0.21, p = 0.02), even after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion: The inverse association observed between physical activity, accumulated deaths, and lethality of Covid-19 can bring important reflections on the actions that have been implemented by government agencies, at both state and municipal levels, in relation to the practice of physical activity by the population. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional ecological study.

RESUMEN Introducción: Pocos estudios han analizado la asociación entre actividad física y las hospitalizaciones o la mortalidad por el nuevo coronavirus, especialmente en Brasil. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y las muertes por COVID-19 en las capitales brasileñas. Métodos: Estudio ecológico observacional transversal, donde se analizaron datos de prevalencia de la actividad física en el tiempo libre y las muertes por COVID-19 en 26 capitales brasileñas y en el Distrito Federal. Los datos fueron recopilados a través del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y SUS Analítico para COVID-19 del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la correlación de Pearson simple y la regresión múltiple con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Los datos demuestran la existencia de una correlación inversa entre la actividad física en el tiempo libre y las muertes acumuladas (r = −0,44, p = 0,03), la tasa de mortalidad / 100.000 habitantes (r = −0,43, p = 0,02) y también con la letalidad de la enfermedad (r = −0,51, p = 0,01). También demuestran una asociación inversa entre la actividad física en el tiempo libre y las muertes acumuladas (β = −485,1, p = 0,04), así como con la letalidad de la enfermedad (β = −0,21, p = 0,02), incluso después del ajuste por variables de confusión. Conclusión: La asociación inversa observada entre la actividad física, las muertes acumuladas y la letalidad de la COVID--19 puede traer consigo importantes reflexiones sobre las acciones que están siendo implementadas por organismos gubernamentales, tanto en el ámbito estatal como municipal, en cuanto a la práctica de la actividad física por parte de la población. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio ecológico transversal.

RESUMO Introdução: Poucos estudos analisaram a associação entre atividade física e hospitalizações ou mortalidade pelo novo coronavírus, principalmente no Brasil. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre atividade física e óbitos por COVID-19 nas capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo ecológico observacional transversal, no qual foram analisados dados de prevalência de atividade física de lazer e óbitos por Covid-19 em 26 capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e SUS Analítico para COVID-19 do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Para a análise dos dados, empregou-se correlação de Pearson simples e regressão múltipla com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os dados demonstram existência de correlação inversa entre atividade física de lazer e óbitos acumulados (r = −0,44, p = 0,03), taxa de mortalidade/100.000 habitantes (r = −0,43, p = 0,02) e também com a letalidade da doença (r = −0,51, p = 0,01). Também demonstram associação inversa entre atividade física no lazer e óbitos acumulados (β = −485,1, p = 0,04), bem como com a letalidade da doença (β = −0,21, p = 0,02), mesmo após ajuste para variáveis de confundimento. Conclusão: A associação inversa observada entre atividade física, óbitos acumulados e letalidade da COVID-19 pode trazer reflexos importantes sobre as ações que vêm sendo implementadas por órgãos governamentais, tanto no âmbito estadual quanto municipal, no que diz respeito à prática de atividade física da população. Nível de evidência III; Estudo transversal ecológico.

Social position and anthropometric status among adults in the ELSA-Brasil study: a latent class analysis.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between social position and anthropometric status in women and men Brazilian adult. This was a cross-sectional study that used baseline data collected from 2008 to 2010 for the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, in Portuguese), in the six major Brazilian state capital cities. A total of 15,105 active and retired civil servants aged from 35 to 74 years. Two latent variables were defined by latent class analysis, social position and anthropometric status. Both constructs and the analyses were separately evaluated by sex. Associations were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, self-reported skin color/race, and marital status. Around 44% of the women and 26% of the men were classified as overweight or obese. Social position tended to be lower in women (43.2%) and higher among men (40.4%). Heavier women were more likely to be black and brown-skinned, whereas slimmer women were more likely to be white. After adjustment, women's weight increased as social position decreased (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.36-1.70), whereas in men weight decreased as social position decreased (OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.76-0.99). Social position affected the anthropometric status of women and men differently, with body patterns also being affected by ethnicity/skin color, showing the potentiality of taking the intersectional perspective when investigating the possible social determinants of the phenomenon.

Associação entre Atividade Física no Tempo Livre e HDL-C em Participantes do Elsa-Brasil: Existem Diferenças entre Homens e Mulheres no Efeito Dose-Resposta? / Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and HDL-C in the Elsa-Brasil Study Participants: Are There Any Gender Differences in the Dose-Response Effect?

Resumo Fundamento Níveis elevados de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C) podem ter efeitos positivos para proteção de agravos cardiovasculares, e prática regular de atividade física no tempo livre (AFTL) tem sido associada ao seu aumento. Objetivo Verificar a existência de possíveis diferenças entre homens e mulheres no efeito dose-resposta na associação entre AFTL e HDL-C. Métodos Estudo transversal com dados de 13,931 participantes de ambos os sexos (7,607 mulheres) do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). A AFTL foi mensurada por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnary (IPAQ) e classificada em quatro categorias: inativos, pouco ativos, ativos e muito ativos. O poder discriminatório da AFTL para HDL-C elevado, nas diferentes intensidades analisadas (caminhada, atividade física moderada e atividade física vigorosa) foi testado por meio das curvas ROC. As associações, ajustadas por variáveis de confundimento entre AFTL e HDL-C foram analisadas por meio de regressão logística, estimando-se a odds ratio (OR) com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados Observou-se associação positiva, com efeito dose-resposta, entre AFTL e HDL-C tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Com relação à intensidade, apenas a atividade física vigorosa discriminou o HDL-C elevado em homens, enquanto tanto a atividade física de caminhada quanto a moderada e a vigorosa discriminaram o HDL-C elevado em mulheres. Conclusão A AFTL apresenta associação positiva com gradiente dose-resposta com HDL-C; no entanto, entre os homens, a associação não é observada para aqueles classificados como pouco ativos fisicamente. Nas mulheres, tanto a intensidade da caminhada quanto a atividade física moderada ou vigorosa podem discriminar níveis de HDL-C mais altos; já nos homens, essa relação é observada apenas na intensidade vigorosa.

Abstract Background High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) are known for their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases and the regular practice of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) may be associated with their increase. Objective To verify the existence of differences between genders in the dose-response effect regarding the association between LTPA and HDL-C in the ELSA-Brasil study cohort. Methods Cross-sectional study with data from wave 2 of 13,931 participants of both genders (7,607 women) from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-Brasil. The LTPA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and classified into four categories: sedentary, low active, active and very active. The discriminatory power of LTPA at different intensities analyzed for high HDL-C was tested using ROC curves. Associations, adjusted for confounders between LTPA and HDL-C were analyzed by logistic regression. A 95% confidence interval was used. Results A positive association, with a dose-response effect, was observed between LTPA and HDL-C in both men and women. With regard to intensity, only vigorous physical activity discriminated high HDL-C in men, while both walking and moderate and vigorous physical activity discriminated high HDL-C in women. Conclusions LTPA shows a positive association with gradient dose-response and HDL-C, but in men, the association is not observed for those classified as physically unfit. In women, both walking intensity and moderate or vigorous physical activity can discriminate high HDL-C levels, whereas only vigorous intensity-exercise discriminate elevated HDL-C levels in men, demonstrating that males need to do more physical activity for this benefit to be observed.

Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and HDL-C in the Elsa-Brasil Study Participants: Are There Any Gender Differences in the Dose-Response Effect? / Associação entre Atividade Física no Tempo Livre e HDL-C em Participantes do Elsa-Brasil: Existem Diferenças entre Homens e Mulheres no Efeito Dose-Resposta?

BACKGROUND: High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) are known for their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases and the regular practice of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) may be associated with their increase. OBJECTIVE: To verify the existence of differences between genders in the dose-response effect regarding the association between LTPA and HDL-C in the ELSA-Brasil study cohort. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with data from wave 2 of 13,931 participants of both genders (7,607 women) from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-Brasil. The LTPA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and classified into four categories: sedentary, low active, active and very active. The discriminatory power of LTPA at different intensities analyzed for high HDL-C was tested using ROC curves. Associations, adjusted for confounders between LTPA and HDL-C were analyzed by logistic regression. A 95% confidence interval was used. RESULTS: A positive association, with a dose-response effect, was observed between LTPA and HDL-C in both men and women. With regard to intensity, only vigorous physical activity discriminated high HDL-C in men, while both walking and moderate and vigorous physical activity discriminated high HDL-C in women. CONCLUSIONS: LTPA shows a positive association with gradient dose-response and HDL-C, but in men, the association is not observed for those classified as physically unfit. In women, both walking intensity and moderate or vigorous physical activity can discriminate high HDL-C levels, whereas only vigorous intensity-exercise discriminate elevated HDL-C levels in men, demonstrating that males need to do more physical activity for this benefit to be observed.

FUNDAMENTO: Níveis elevados de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C) podem ter efeitos positivos para proteção de agravos cardiovasculares, e prática regular de atividade física no tempo livre (AFTL) tem sido associada ao seu aumento. OBJETIVO: Verificar a existência de possíveis diferenças entre homens e mulheres no efeito dose-resposta na associação entre AFTL e HDL-C. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados de 13,931 participantes de ambos os sexos (7,607 mulheres) do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). A AFTL foi mensurada por meio do International Physical Activity Questionnary (IPAQ) e classificada em quatro categorias: inativos, pouco ativos, ativos e muito ativos. O poder discriminatório da AFTL para HDL-C elevado, nas diferentes intensidades analisadas (caminhada, atividade física moderada e atividade física vigorosa) foi testado por meio das curvas ROC. As associações, ajustadas por variáveis de confundimento entre AFTL e HDL-C foram analisadas por meio de regressão logística, estimando-se a odds ratio (OR) com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. RESULTADOS: Observou-se associação positiva, com efeito dose-resposta, entre AFTL e HDL-C tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Com relação à intensidade, apenas a atividade física vigorosa discriminou o HDL-C elevado em homens, enquanto tanto a atividade física de caminhada quanto a moderada e a vigorosa discriminaram o HDL-C elevado em mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: A AFTL apresenta associação positiva com gradiente dose-resposta com HDL-C; no entanto, entre os homens, a associação não é observada para aqueles classificados como pouco ativos fisicamente. Nas mulheres, tanto a intensidade da caminhada quanto a atividade física moderada ou vigorosa podem discriminar níveis de HDL-C mais altos; já nos homens, essa relação é observada apenas na intensidade vigorosa.

TIME OF PERMANENCE IN LABORAL ACTIVITY IN EMPLOYEES OF A FITNESS CENTER DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.: FITNESS CENTER AND COVID-19 PANDEMIC / TEMPO DE PERMANÊNCIA NAS ATIVIDADES LABORAIS EM FUNCIONÁRIOS DE UM CENTRO DE CONDICIONAMENTO FÍSICO DURANTE A PANDEMIA COVID-19: CENTROS DE CONDICIONAMENTO FÍSICO E PANDEMIA COVID-19

Maintaining the functioning of the fitness centers during the Covid-19 pandemic can provide economic benefits, as well as important advantages for the promotion of the population's health. The objective of this study was to identify the length of time permanence on work activities for employees of a fitness center, which uses biosafety protocols, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 64 employees from a fitness center in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil who were followed up from August 11, 2020 to March 1, 2021 (200 days). The data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The comparison of the time curves in days, considering each variable selected until the occurrence of leave from work, in function of a positive test for Covid-19, was done through the statistical test "Log-Rank. The average length of stay in work activities was 195.1 days, with only 4 (6.2%) of the total employees being away from work for testing positive for Covid-19. In contrast, 60 (93.8%) of the employees remained at work without leave by Covid-19. The variables sex and age were not identified as potential determinants of the time until the occurrence of the leave, while among administrative service employees, despite the low number, there were more absences. The results of this study indicate that the possibility of infection by Covid-19 in fitness centers seems to be low, especially when the biosafety protocols determined by the health authorities are complied.

A manutenção do funcionamento dos centros de condicionamento físico durante a pandemia da Covid-19 pode proporcionar benefícios econômicos, bem como importantes vantagens para a promoção da saúde da população. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o tempo de permanência nas atividades laborais em funcionários de um centro de condicionamento físico, que utiliza protocolos de biossegurança, durante a pandemia Covid-19. A amostra foi composta por 64 funcionários de um centro de condicionamento físico da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil que foram acompanhados no período de 11 de agosto de 2020 até 01 de março de 2021 (200 dias). Os dados foram analisados por meio das curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier. A comparação das curvas do tempo em dias, considerando cada variável selecionada até a ocorrência do afastamento ao trabalho, em função de teste positivo para Covid-19, foi feita através do teste estatístico "Log-Rank. O tempo médio de permanência nas atividades laborais foi de 195,1 dias, com apenas 4 (6,2%) do total de funcionários sendo afastados do trabalho por testar positivo para Covid-19. Em contrapartida, 60 (93,8%) dos colaboradores permaneceram no trabalho sem afastamento por Covid-19. As variáveis sexo e idade não foram identificadas como potenciais determinantes do tempo até a ocorrência do afastamento, enquanto que entre os colaboradores de serviços administrativos, apesar do baixo quantitativo, ocorreu mais afastamentos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a possibilidade de infecção por Covid-19 em centros de condicionamento físico parece ser baixa, principalmente quando os protocolos de biossegurança determinados pelas autoridades sanitárias são cumpridos.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MORTALITY BY COVID-19 IN THE BRAZILIAN CAPITALS: AN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Background: recent points of view catch us attention to the importance of continuing to practice physical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic, however few studies have analyzed the association between physical activity and worsening of the clinical outcome, hospitalizations or mortality from the new coronavirus Objective: to analyze the association between physical activity and deaths by Covid-19 in the Brazilian capitals. Methods: observational cross-sectional ecological study, when data on prevalence of leisure time physical activity and deaths by Covid-19 were analyzed in 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District as well. Data on the prevalence of leisure time physical activity, obesity and hypertension has been collected through the Risk Factors Surveillance System for chronic non-communicable diseases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health were used. Information on accumulated deaths, lethality of the disease and mortality rate were extracted from SUS(Brazil's Unified National Health System) Analytical: data on COVID-19 in Brazil, available on the website of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. For data analysis, simple Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used with a 5% significance level. Results: demonstrate the existence of an inverse correlation between leisure time physical activity and accumulated deaths (r = -0.44, p = 0.03), mortality rate/100,000 inhabitants (r =   -0.43, p = 0.02) as well as with the lethality of the disease (r = -0.51, p = 0.01). They also demonstrate an inverse association between leisure time physical activity and accumulated deaths (ß = -485.1, p = 0.04), as well as with the lethality of the disease (ß = -0.21, p = 0.02), even after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusions: the practice of leisure time physical activity can be an important ally in coping with Covid-19. The inverse association observed among physical activity, accumulated deaths and disease lethality can bring important reflections on the actions that have been implemented by government agencies, both state and municipal regarding the practice of physical activity by the population.

Antecedentes: pontos de vista recentes chamam a atenção para a importância de continuar a praticar atividade física durante a pandemia da Covid-19, porém poucos estudos analisaram a associação entre atividade física e a piora do quadro clínico, hospitalizações ou mortalidade pelo novo coronavírus Objetivo: analisar a associação entre atividade física e óbitos por Covid-19 nas capitais brasileiras. Métodos: estudo ecológico transversal observacional, onde foram analisados ​​dados de prevalência de atividade física no lazer e óbitos por Covid-19, em 26 capitais brasileiras e também no Distrito Federal. Foram utilizados dados de prevalência de atividade física no lazer, obesidade e hipertensão arterial, coletados por meio do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. As informações sobre óbitos acumulados, letalidade da doença e taxa de mortalidade foram extraídas do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde).  Analítico: dados do COVID-19 no Brasil, disponíveis no site do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, disponíveis para a análise dos dados, foram utilizadas correlação de Pearson simples e regressão múltipla com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: demonstram a existência de correlação inversa entre atividade física no lazer e óbitos acumulados (r = -0,44, p = 0,03), taxa de mortalidade / 100.000 habitantes (r = -0,43, p = 0,02) bem como com a letalidade de a doença (r = -0,51, p = 0,01). Também demonstram associação inversa entre atividade física no lazer e óbitos acumulados (ß = -485,1, p = 0,04), bem como com a letalidade da doença (ß = -0,21, p = 0,02), mesmo após ajuste para confundimento variáveis. Conclusões: a prática de atividade física no lazer pode ser um importante aliado no enfrentamento da  Covid-19. A associação inversa observada entre atividade física, mortes acumuladas e letalidade de doenças pode trazer reflexos importantes sobre as ações que vêm sendo implementadas por órgãos governamentais, estaduais e municipais, no que diz respeito à prática de atividade física pela população.

Fatores que interferem na inatividade física total em mulheres com excesso de peso / Factors that interfere with total physical inactivity in overweight women

Objetivo investigar as variáveis que interferem na inatividade física total em mulheres com excesso de peso. Métodos pesquisa transversal que realizou levantamento de dados sociodemográficos, autopercepção de saúde, autoeficácia para atividade física, peso e altura em 142 mulheres. O International Physical Activity Questionnaire foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade física. Empregou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Adotou-se significância estatística de 5%. Resultados a prevalência de inatividade física total foi 34,5%. Constatou-se associação significante entre inatividade física total e idade na análise bivariada. Na análise multivariada apenas mulheres com autopercepção de saúde regular e ruim apresentaram aumento de 124 e 150%, respectivamente, da inatividade física total. Conclusão a inatividade física associou-se à autopercepção de saúde regular e ruim, sendo um parâmetro de saúde para a elaboração de políticas e ações de promoção à saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective to investigate the variables that interfere with total physical inactivity in overweight women. Methods cross-sectional research that collected sociodemographic data, self-perceived health, self-efficacy for physical activity, weight, and height in 142 women. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A 5% statistical significance level was adopted. Results the prevalence of total physical inactivity was 34.5%. A significant association between total physical inactivity and age was found in the bivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only women with regular and poor self-perceived health showed an increase of 124% and 150%, respectively, of total physical inactivity. Conclusion physical inactivity was associated with regular and poor self-perception of health, being a health parameter for the development of health promotion policies and actions.

Social position and anthropometric status among adults in the ELSA-Brasil study: a latent class analysis / Posição social e estado antropométrico entre adultos no estudo ELSA-Brasil: uma análise de classes latentes / Posición social y estatus antropométrico entre adultos en el estudio ELSA-Brasil: un análisis de clase latente

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between social position and anthropometric status in women and men Brazilian adult. This was a cross-sectional study that used baseline data collected from 2008 to 2010 for the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil, in Portuguese), in the six major Brazilian state capital cities. A total of 15,105 active and retired civil servants aged from 35 to 74 years. Two latent variables were defined by latent class analysis, social position and anthropometric status. Both constructs and the analyses were separately evaluated by sex. Associations were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, self-reported skin color/race, and marital status. Around 44% of the women and 26% of the men were classified as overweight or obese. Social position tended to be lower in women (43.2%) and higher among men (40.4%). Heavier women were more likely to be black and brown-skinned, whereas slimmer women were more likely to be white. After adjustment, women's weight increased as social position decreased (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.36-1.70), whereas in men weight decreased as social position decreased (OR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.76-0.99). Social position affected the anthropometric status of women and men differently, with body patterns also being affected by ethnicity/skin color, showing the potentiality of taking the intersectional perspective when investigating the possible social determinants of the phenomenon.

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre posição social e o estado antropométrico em brasileiros adultos de ambos os sexos. O estudo transversal usou dados coletados entre 2008 e 2010 pelo Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), nas seis maiores capitais brasileiras. Um total de 15.105 funcionários públicos, ativos e aposentados, de ambos os sexos, entre 35 e 74 anos de idade. Duas variáveis latentes foram definidas pela análise de classes latentes: posição social e estado antropométrico. Os construtos e análises foram avaliados separadamente por sexo. As associações foram avaliadas com o uso de análise de regressão logística multivariada, ajustada para idade, cor/raça e estado civil. Em torno de 44% das mulheres e 26% dos homens foram classificados com sobrepeso ou obesidade. A posição social tendia a ser mais baixa nas mulheres (43,2%) e mais alta nos homens (40,4%). Houve uma proporção maior de mulheres com sobrepeso ou obesidade entre as pretas e pardas, e proporção maior de mulheres magras entre as brancas. Nas mulheres, após ajustes, o peso aumentava na medida em que a posição social diminuía (OR = 1,52; IC95%: 1,36-1,70), enquanto nos homens o peso diminuía junto com a diminuição da posição social (OR = 0,87; IC95%: 0,76-0,99). A posição social afetou de maneira diferente o estado antropométrico de mulheres e homens, com perfis corporais afetados também pela raça/cor da pele, indicando o potencial de levar em conta a perspectiva interseccional ao investigar os possíveis determinantes sociais do fenômeno.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre posición social y estatus antropométrico de adultos brasileños de ambos sexos. Fue un estudio transversal, realizado usando datos de referencia recogidos entre 2008 y 2010, del Estudio Longitudinal Brasileño de Salud en Adultos (ELSA-Brasil), llevado a cabo en seis de las mayores capitales de estado brasileñas. Un total de 15.105 activos y jubilados, mujeres y hombres funcionarios públicos de 35 a 74 años de edad. Se definieron dos variables latentes mediante análisis de clases latentes: posición social y estatus antropométrico. Ambos constructos y análisis fueron evaluados separadamente por sexo. Las asociaciones fueron evaluadas usando una regresión logística multivariada con ajuste por edad, color de piel/raza autoinformado y estatus marital. Alrededor de un 44% de las mujeres y un 26% de los hombres fueron clasificados como con sobrepeso u obesos. La posición social tendió a ser más baja en mujeres (43,2%) y más alta entre hombres (40,4%). Las mujeres con más peso tenían más probabilidad de ser negras y mulatas/mestizas y las mujeres más delgadas tenían más probabilidad de ser blancas. En mujeres, tras el ajuste, se incrementó más el peso cuanto mayor decrecía la posición social (OR = 1,52; IC95%: 1,36-1,70), mientras en hombres el peso decrecía al igual que la posición social (OR = 0,87; IC95%: 0,76-0,99). La posición social afectó diferentemente al estatus antropométrico de mujeres y hombres, con los patrones corporales también estando afectados por etnicidad/color de piel, mostrando su potencialidad tomando en consideración la perspectiva transversal, cuando se está investigando los posibles determinantes sociales del fenómeno.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of physical fitness.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by infections from a novel human coronavirus, has been reported since December 2019 in China but was only made official in March 2020. Since then, it has had an impact worldwide, both due to its aggressiveness and its fast propagation. Society has been facing this pandemic by following the recommendations and determinations of the WHO and the strategies deployed by governmental institutions. Among these, social isolation has been shown to be the most important, because when isolating, society tends to move less, with a consequent increase in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, affecting its levels of physical fitness. The objectives of this review were: to review the most important effects of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior on the physical fitness levels of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The role of a regular practice of activities on the levels of physical fitness is fundamental to define the balance of quality of life during a COVID-19.