Viral coinfection in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, different strategies have been followed to combat the pandemic and limit virus transmission. In the meantime, other respiratory viruses continued to circulate, though at decreased rates. METHODS: This study was conducted between June and July 2022, in a hospital in the metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the southernmost state of Brazil. The 337 hospitalized patients included those with respiratory symptoms without delimitation of age. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected 15 different respiratory viruses and confirmed coinfections in the samples. Different statistical tests were applied to evaluate the association between associations of clinical characteristics and coinfection. RESULTS: Sampling corresponds to 337 selected and 330 patients analyzed. The principal clinical outcome found was hospital discharge in 309 (94%) cases, while 21 (6%) resulted in death. The principal viral agents related to coinfections were Human rhinovirus, Human enterovirus, and Respiratory syncytial virus. The most frequent viral agent detected was SARS-CoV-2, with 60 (18%) infections, followed by 51 (15%) cases of Respiratory syncytial virus B (15%) and 44 (13%) cases of Human rhinovirus 1. Coinfection was mainly observed in children, while adults and the elderly were more affected by a single infection. Analyzing COVID-19 vaccination, 175 (53%) were unvaccinated while the remainder had at least one dose of the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents information to update the understanding of viral circulation in the region. Furthermore, the findings clarify the behavior of viral infections and possible coinfections in hospitalized patients, considering different ages and clinical profiles. In addition, this knowledge can help to monitor the population's clinical manifestations and prevent future outbreaks of respiratory viruses.

Obesity and COVID-19 in-hospital fatality in southern Brazil: impact by age and skin color.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the relative risk (RR) of death associated with obesity, the attributable fraction in the exposed/with obesity (AFo), and the hospitalized population attributable risk (hospitalized PAR) associated with obesity of death among all adults and among Black and non-Black adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study of prognostic factors analyzed all cases of adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The occurrence of obesity was measured using secondary data from hospital teams' surveillance records. The outcome assessed was hospital deaths caused by severe COVID-19. Poisson regression was used to estimate RRs and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 100,099 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, most of whom were White (84.7%) and male (54.7%). The effect of obesity was strongly modified by age, being higher in younger age groups. For the 18-39-year-old age group, RR = 2.54 (95%CI: 2.33-2.77), and in individuals 70 years and above, RR = 1.09 (95%CI: 1.05-1.13). For the 18-39-year-old age range, AFo = 60.6% and AFo = 42.5% in individuals 40-59 years old. For all hospitalizations, Hospitalized PAR measuring obesity for individuals 18-39 years old was 25.3%, while in the 40-59-year-old range, the hospitalized PAR = 11.2%. The hospitalized PAR was 31.7% in the Black population aged 18-39 years and 24.8% in non-Blacks. The hospitalized PAR was also larger in Blacks aged 40-59 years. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity largely impacted in-hospital case-fatality rates among young adults and Black people contaminated by COVID-19. These data highlight the extent of the risk concerning obesity, a highly prevalent chronic condition.

Obesity and COVID-19 in-hospital fatality in southern Brazil: impact by age and skin color

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To estimate the relative risk (RR) of death associated with obesity, the attributable fraction in the exposed/with obesity (AFo), and the hospitalized population attributable risk (hospitalized PAR) associated with obesity of death among all adults and among Black and non-Black adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS This retrospective cohort study of prognostic factors analyzed all cases of adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The occurrence of obesity was measured using secondary data from hospital teams' surveillance records. The outcome assessed was hospital deaths caused by severe COVID-19. Poisson regression was used to estimate RRs and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The study sample consisted of 100,099 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, most of whom were White (84.7%) and male (54.7%). The effect of obesity was strongly modified by age, being higher in younger age groups. For the 18-39-year-old age group, RR = 2.54 (95%CI: 2.33-2.77), and in individuals 70 years and above, RR = 1.09 (95%CI: 1.05-1.13). For the 18-39-year-old age range, AFo = 60.6% and AFo = 42.5% in individuals 40-59 years old. For all hospitalizations, Hospitalized PAR measuring obesity for individuals 18-39 years old was 25.3%, while in the 40-59-year-old range, the hospitalized PAR = 11.2%. The hospitalized PAR was 31.7% in the Black population aged 18-39 years and 24.8% in non-Blacks. The hospitalized PAR was also larger in Blacks aged 40-59 years. CONCLUSIONS Obesity largely impacted in-hospital case-fatality rates among young adults and Black people contaminated by COVID-19. These data highlight the extent of the risk concerning obesity, a highly prevalent chronic condition.

Perfil epidemiológico do suicídio no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 2010 a 2016 / Epidemiological profile of suicide in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil from 2010 to 2016

Resumo Introdução A sistematização de informações sobre o fenômeno do suicídio é imprescindível para subsidiar o planejamento de ações e estratégias de intervenção. Objetivo Descrever características epidemiológicas da mortalidade por suicídio no estado do Rio Grande do Sul de 2010 a 2016. Método Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e analisados segundo variáveis sociodemográficas. Foi utilizado o método de Prais-Winsten para estimar a variação média anual e indicar a tendência dos coeficientes. Resultados Foram registrados 7.796 óbitos no período analisado, correspondendo a um coeficiente médio de 10,7 por 100 mil habitantes. Aproximadamente 80% dos suicídios foram de homens e 40% do total se concentrou entre 40 e 59 anos de idade. Os coeficientes mais altos foram encontrados entre pessoas idosas. Foi verificada tendência de mortalidade crescente para mulheres e decrescente para homens na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos. Entre 10 e 14 anos de idade, foi identificada tendência crescente para o sexo feminino. Na média do período, os maiores coeficientes concentraram-se no centro e norte do estado. Conclusão São sugeridos estudos aprofundados nas regiões e nos grupos prioritários apontados, a fim de subsidiar o aprimoramento de políticas públicas para a prevenção do suicídio.

Abstract Background The systematization of information about the phenomenon of suicide is crucial to support action planning and intervention strategies. Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide mortality in the State of Rio Grande do Sul from 2010 to 2016. Method The data were collected from the Mortality Information System and analyzed according to sociodemographic variables. The Prais-Winsten method estimated the annual average variation and indicated the trend of mortality coefficients. Results We found 7,796 deaths recorded in the period, corresponding to an average coefficient of 10.7 per 100 thousand inhabitants. Approximately 80% of the suicides were of men, and 40% of the total were concentrated between the ages of 40 and 59. The highest coefficients were found among the elderly population. There was a trend of increasing mortality for women and decreasing for men in the age group of 20 to 29. An increasing trend was identified for females between the ages of 10 and 14. On average, the highest coefficients were concentrated in the center and north of the state. Conclusion We suggest in-depth studies to be carried out in the regions and priority groups mentioned to help improve public policies for suicide prevention.

Epidemiological investigation reveals local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 lineage P. 1 in Southern Brazil / Investigação epidemiológica revela transmissão local da variante P. 1 do SARS-CoV-2 no Sul do Brasil / Una investigación epidemiológica revela la transmisión local de la variante P. 1 del SARS-CoV-2 en el sur de Brasil

Since its detection in December of 2020, the SARS-CoV2 lineage P.1, descendent of B.1.1.28 lineage, has been identified in several places in Brazil and abroad. This Variant of Concern was considered highly prevalent in Northern Brazil and now is rapidly widening its geographical range. Here, we present epidemiological and genomic information of the first case of P1 lineage in Rio Grande do Sul state, in a patient without reported travel history and a tracked transmission chain. These findings occurred in a tourist destination representing an important hub receiving tourists from diverse places.(AU)

Desde a sua detecção em dezembro de 2020, a linhagem P.1 do SARS-CoV2, descendente da linhagem B.1.1.28, foi identificada em diversos locais no Brasil e no mundo. Essa variante de preocupação era considerada altamente frequente no Norte do Brasil e agora está ampliando rapidamente sua distribuição geográfica. Aqui, apresentamos informações epidemiológicas e genômicas do primeiro caso da linhagem P.1 no Rio Grande do Sul em um paciente sem histórico de viagens relatado e com cadeia de transmissão identificada. Esses achados ocorreram em um destino turístico que representa um importante pólo de recepção de turistas de diversas localidades.(AU)

Desde su detección en diciembre de 2020, del linaje P.1 del SARS-CoV2, derivada de la B.1.1.28, hay sido ampliamente identificada en Brasil y en todo el mundo. Esta variante preocupante es muy frecuente en el norte de Brasil y ahora está ampliando rápidamente su distribución geográfica. Aquí, presentamos información epidemiológica y genómica del primer caso de P.1 en Rio Grande do Sul en un paciente sin antecedentes de viaje y con una cadena de transmisión identificada. Estos datos se han obtenido en un destino turístico que representa un importante centro de acogida de turistas de diferentes lugares.(AU)

Equidade intraurbana na utilização de medicamentos especializados para esquizofrenia: marcas do nível socioeconômico nos itinerários da rede de atenção à saúde / Intra-urban equity in the use of specialized medicines for schizophrenia:socioeconomic status in the health care network itineraries

Avaliar relações da utilização de medicamentos especializados para esquizofrenia em Porto Alegre com desigualdades sociais e itinerário do usuário na rede de atenção à saúde. (AU)

Taxa de mortalidade prematura por DCNT em municípios do RS: em que medida nível socioeconômico, acesso e qualidade da rede de atenção à saúde explicam desigualdades? / Premature mortality rate due to DCND in municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul: to what extent socioeconomic level, access and quality of the health care network explain inequalities?

Análise da correlação de mortalidade prematura por Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT) com Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) e com variáveis utilizadas como proxy de acesso e qualidade da rede de atenção à saúde. (AU)

Identification of priority Health Regions in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for Health Surveillance actions. / Identificação das Regiões de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, prioritárias para ações de Vigilância em Saúde.

This paper aimed to identify the priority Health Regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) to implement Health Surveillance strengthening actions. This is a descriptive study with data from time series of 11 (eleven) Health Surveillance indicators of the Ministry of Health's 2016 Guidelines, Objectives, Targets and Indicators Journal agreed by the Bipartite Interagency Committee/RS. The selected indicators are synthesized to produce a Composite Health Surveillance Assessment Indicator (ICAVES) for each of the 30 Health Regions of the state, creating values ranging from zero (worst) to 1 (best), using the Human Development Index (HDI) construction calculation method. The lowest rates of the composite indicator are found in the Health Regions "20-Rota da Produção" and "19-Região do Botucaraí". These two Health Regions are priorities for the strengthening of collective Health Surveillance actions and the management of health risks and diseases, considering horizontal equity as guideline of the Unified Health System.

Resumo O presente artigo identifica as Regiões de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) prioritárias com vistas a implementar ações para o fortalecimento da Vigilância em Saúde. Estudo descritivo com dados da série histórica de 11 (onze) indicadores de Vigilância em Saúde do Caderno de Diretrizes, Objetivos, Metas e Indicadores 2016, do Ministério da Saúde pactuados pela Comissão Intergestores Bipartite/RS. Os indicadores selecionados são sintetizados para produzir um Indicador Composto de Avaliação da Vigilância em Saúde (ICAVES) para cada uma das 30 Regiões de Saúde do estado, criando valores que variam de 0 (pior) a 1 (melhor), tendo como método de cálculo o utilizado para a construção do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Os menores índices do indicador composto estão nas Regiões de Saúde: 20-Rota da Produção e 19-Região do Botucaraí. As Regiões de Saúde 20 e 19 são prioritárias para o fortalecimento das ações de âmbito coletivo da Vigilância em Saúde e o gerenciamento de riscos e agravos à saúde considerando a equidade horizontal como diretriz do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Identificação das Regiões de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, prioritárias para ações de Vigilância em Saúde / Identification of priority Health Regions in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for Health Surveillance actions

Resumo O presente artigo identifica as Regiões de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) prioritárias com vistas a implementar ações para o fortalecimento da Vigilância em Saúde. Estudo descritivo com dados da série histórica de 11 (onze) indicadores de Vigilância em Saúde do Caderno de Diretrizes, Objetivos, Metas e Indicadores 2016, do Ministério da Saúde pactuados pela Comissão Intergestores Bipartite/RS. Os indicadores selecionados são sintetizados para produzir um Indicador Composto de Avaliação da Vigilância em Saúde (ICAVES) para cada uma das 30 Regiões de Saúde do estado, criando valores que variam de 0 (pior) a 1 (melhor), tendo como método de cálculo o utilizado para a construção do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). Os menores índices do indicador composto estão nas Regiões de Saúde: 20-Rota da Produção e 19-Região do Botucaraí. As Regiões de Saúde 20 e 19 são prioritárias para o fortalecimento das ações de âmbito coletivo da Vigilância em Saúde e o gerenciamento de riscos e agravos à saúde considerando a equidade horizontal como diretriz do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract This paper aimed to identify the priority Health Regions of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) to implement Health Surveillance strengthening actions. This is a descriptive study with data from time series of 11 (eleven) Health Surveillance indicators of the Ministry of Health's 2016 Guidelines, Objectives, Targets and Indicators Journal agreed by the Bipartite Interagency Committee/RS. The selected indicators are synthesized to produce a Composite Health Surveillance Assessment Indicator (ICAVES) for each of the 30 Health Regions of the state, creating values ranging from zero (worst) to 1 (best), using the Human Development Index (HDI) construction calculation method. The lowest rates of the composite indicator are found in the Health Regions "20-Rota da Produção" and "19-Região do Botucaraí". These two Health Regions are priorities for the strengthening of collective Health Surveillance actions and the management of health risks and diseases, considering horizontal equity as guideline of the Unified Health System.

Equidade na utilização de medicamentos especializados para tratamento de esquizofrenia / Equity in the use of specialised medicines for the treatment of schizophrenia

Avaliação da influência de desigualdades sociais e cobertura com saúde suplementar na utilização de medicamentos especializados do Protocolo Clínico de Esquizofrenia no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em Porto Alegre. (AU)