RESUMO

Despite uncertainty about the specific molecular mechanisms driving major depressive disorder (MDD), the Wnt signaling pathway stands out as a potentially influential factor in the pathogenesis of MDD. Known for its role in intercellular communication, cell proliferation, and fate, Wnt signaling has been implicated in diverse biological phenomena associated with MDD, spanning neurodevelopmental to neurodegenerative processes. In this systematic review, we summarize the functional differences in protein and gene expression of the Wnt signaling pathway, and targeted genetic association studies, to provide an integrated synthesis of available human data examining Wnt signaling in MDD. Thirty-three studies evaluating protein expression (n = 15), gene expression (n = 9), or genetic associations (n = 9) were included. Only fifteen demonstrated a consistently low overall risk of bias in selection, comparability, and exposure. We found conflicting observations of limited and distinct Wnt signaling components across diverse tissue sources. These data do not demonstrate involvement of Wnt signaling dysregulation in MDD. Given the well-established role of Wnt signaling in antidepressant response, we propose that a more targeted and functional assessment of Wnt signaling is needed to understand its role in depression pathophysiology. Future studies should include more components, assess multiple tissues concurrently, and follow a standardized approach.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Cúcuta -Colombia, have a comparatively high burden of disease associated with high public health costs. However, little is known about the epidemiology of these diseases in the city and its distribution within suburban areas. This study addresses this gap by estimating and mapping the risk of ARI in Cúcuta and identifying the most relevant risk factors. METHODS: A spatial epidemiological analysis was designed to investigate the association of sociodemographic and environmental risk factors with the rate of ambulatory consultations of ARI in urban sections of Cúcuta, 2018. The ARI rate was calculated using a method for spatial estimation of disease rates. A Bayesian spatial model was implemented using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation approach and the Besag-York-Mollié specification. The risk of ARI per urban section and the hotspots of higher risk were also estimated and mapped. RESULTS: A higher risk of IRA was found in central, south, north and west areas of Cúcuta after adjusting for sociodemographic and environmental factors, and taking into consideration the spatial distribution of the city's urban sections. An increase of one unit in the percentage of population younger than 15 years; the Index of Multidimensional Poverty and the rate of ARI in the migrant population was associated with a 1.08 (1.06-1.1); 1.04 (1.01-1.08) and 1.25 (1.22-1.27) increase of the ARI rate, respectively. Twenty-four urban sections were identified as hotspots of risk in central, south, north and west areas in Cucuta. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic factors and their spatial patterns are determinants of acute respiratory infections in Cúcuta. Bayesian spatial hierarchical models can be used to estimate and map the risk of these infections in suburban areas of large cities in Colombia. The methods of this study can be used globally to identify suburban areas and or specific communities at risk to support the implementation of prevention strategies and decision-making in the public and private health sectors.

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La intoxicación por mordedura de serpiente es un problema de salud pública global. En la población pediátrica, la intoxicación por mordedura de serpiente presenta características diferentes que en los pacientes adultos. La Bungarus multicinctus es una especie de elápido sumamente venenoso. Las presentaciones clínicas documentadas después de la intoxicación por mordedura de Bungarus multicinctus son reacciones locales mínimas, insuficiencia respiratoria, dolor generalizado e hiponatremia potencialmente mortal. Presentamos el caso de una intoxicación por mordedura de Bungarus multicinctus en una niña con manifestaciones clínicas atípicas, incluidas necrosis tisular grave y trombocitopenia con coagulopatía.

Snakebite envenoming is a global public health problem. The pediatric population poisoned by snakebite envenoming has different features than adult patients. Bungarus multicinctus is a highly venomous species of the elapid snake. The documented clinical presentations following Bungarus multicinctus envenoming are minimal local reactions, respiratory failure, general pain, and life-threatening hyponatremia. We present an uncommon case of Bungarus multicinctus envenomation in a girl with unusual clinical findings, including severe tissue necrosis and thrombocytopenia with coagulopathy.

RESUMO

Snakebite envenoming is a global public health problem. The pediatric population poisoned by snakebite envenoming has different features than adult patients. Bungarus multicinctus is a highly venomous species of the elapid snake. The documented clinical presentations following Bungarus multicinctus envenoming are minimal local reactions, respiratory failure, general pain, and life-threatening hyponatremia. We present an uncommon case of Bungarus multicinctus envenomation in a girl with unusual clinical findings, including severe tissue necrosis and thrombocytopenia with coagulopathy.

La intoxicación por mordedura de serpiente es un problema de salud pública global. En la población pediátrica, la intoxicación por mordedura de serpiente presenta características diferentes que en los pacientes adultos. La Bungarus multicinctus es una especie de elápido sumamente venenoso. Las presentaciones clínicas documentadas después de la intoxicación por mordedura de Bungarus multicinctus son reacciones locales mínimas, insuficiencia respiratoria, dolor generalizado e hiponatremia potencialmente mortal. Presentamos el caso de una intoxicación por mordedura de Bungarus multicinctus en una niña con manifestaciones clínicas atípicas, incluidas necrosis tisular grave y trombocitopenia con coagulopatía.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a representative prediabetes characterized by defective glucose homeostasis, and palmatine (PAL) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with multiple pharmacological effects. Our study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of PAL on the impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an IGT model with high fat diet (HFD). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and further biochemical analysis were conducted to determine the effect of PAL on glucose intolerance in vivo. Molecular details were clarified in a cellular model of IGT induced by Palmitate (PA) on INS-1 cells. RESULTS: Our study demonstrated a relief of IGT with improved insulin resistance in HFD induced rats after PAL treatment. Besides, promoted pancreas islets function was validated with significantly increased ß cell mass after the treatment of PAL. We further found out that PAL could alleviate the ß cell apoptosis that accounts for ß cell mass loss in IGT model. Moreover, MAPK signaling was investigated in vivo and vitro with the discovery that PAL regulated the MAPK signaling by restricting the ERK and JNK cascades. The insulin secretion assay indicated that PAL significantly promoted the defective insulin secretion in PA-induced INS-1 cells via JNK rather than ERK signaling. Furthermore, PAL treatment was determined to significantly suppress ß cell apoptosis in PA-induced cells. We thus thought that PAL promoted the PA-induced impaired insulin release by inhibiting the ß cell apoptosis and JNK signaling in vitro. CONCLUSION: In summary, PAL ameliorates HFD-induced IGT with novel mechanisms.

RESUMO

Objetivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el riesgo clínico de la apendicitis con apendicolito y su importancia al elegir las estrategias terapéuticas.Métodos. Se analizó retrospectivamente a niños con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda entre junio de 2011 y enero de 2017. Se dividió en un grupo con apendicolito(GA) y un grupo sin apendicolito (GSA) según la presencia o no de apendicolito durante la cirugía abierta. Se revisaron y compararon la presentación clínica, de laboratorios, los resultados de la tomografía computada y los cambios patológicos.Resultados. De 163 pacientes, se incluyó a 23 (media de edad: 6,1 años) en el GA y a 140 (media de edad: 8,1 años) en el GSA. Los pacientes en el GA tuvieron una hospitalización más extensa, mayor temperatura corporal, mayor frecuencia de diarrea, signo de Blumberg, aumento del porcentaje de neutrófilos, proteína C-reactiva y mayor riesgo de perforación. La puntuación en las escalas de Alvarado (8,3 ± 1,2 frente a 7,0 ± 1,3; P < 0,05) y de respuesta inflamatoria a apendicitis (10,7 ± 1,6 frente a 7,7 ± 1,9; P < 0,05) fue mayor en el GA que en el GSA; la presencia de fiebre y apendicolito se asoció con una mayor tasa de apendicitis perforada.Conclusiones. La apendicitis pediátrica con apendicolito representa un mayor riesgo clínico y tiende a causar apendicitis complicada

Objectives. This study aims to assess the clinical risk of pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith and its guiding significance in therapeutic strategies' selection.Methods. Children diagnosed with acute appendicitis from June 2011-January 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Patient cohort was divided to appendicolith group (AG) and non- appendicolith group (NAG) based on whether the appendicolith presents or not in the open surgery. Clinical presentations, laboratory parameters, computed tomography findings, and pathological changes were reviewed and compared between two groups. Results. Among 163 patients, 23 (meanage,6.1yearsold)weredefinedin AG and 140; mean age, 8.1 years old) in NAG. The patients in AG demonstrated prolonged length of stay (12.4 ± 5.6d vs. 8.7 ± 5.0d, P <0.05), higher body temperature (38.2 ± 0.8 °C vs. 37.3 ± 0.8 °C, P <0.05), higher frequency of diarrhea (17 % vs. 3%, P <0.05), rebound tenderness (100 % vs. 87 %, P <0.05), increased neutrophil percentage (81.4 ± 8.0 % vs. 65.3 ± 22.8 %, P <0.05), C-reactive protein (33.13 ± 10.3 mg/L vs. 23.7 ± 13.7 mg/L, P <0.05), and great risk of perforation (78 % vs. 29 %, P <0.05). Alvarado score (8.3 ± 1.2 vs. 7.0 ± 1.3, P <0.05) and AIR score (10.7 ± 1.6 vs. 7.7 ± 1.9, P <0.05) of AG, were higher than NAG he presence of fever and appendicolith was associated with a high rate of perforated appendicitis.Conclusions. Pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith has greater clinical risk and tends to causing complicated appendicitis

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the clinical risk of pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith and its guiding significance in therapeutic strategies' selection. METHODS: Children diagnosed with acute appendicitis from June 2011-January 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Patient cohort was divided to appendicolith group (AG) and nonappendicolith group (NAG) based on whether the appendicolith presents or not in the open surgery. Clinical presentations, laboratory parameters, computed tomography findings, and pathological changes were reviewed and compared between two groups. RESULTS: Among 163 patients, 23 (mean age, 6.1 years old) were defined in AG and 140; mean age, 8.1 years old) in NAG. The patients in AG demonstrated prolonged length of stay (12.4 ± 5.6d vs. 8.7 ± 5.0d, P <0.05), higher body temperature (38.2 ± 0.8 ℃ vs. 37.3 ± 0.8 ℃, P <0.05), higher frequency of diarrhea (17 % vs. 3%, P <0.05), rebound tenderness (100 % vs. 87 %, P <0.05), increased neutrophil percentage (81.4 ± 8.0 % vs. 65.3 ± 22.8 %, P <0.05), C-reactive protein (33.13 ± 10.3 mg/L vs. 23.7 ± 13.7 mg/L, P <0.05), and great risk of perforation (78 % vs. 29 %, P <0.05). Alvarado score (8.3 ± 1.2 vs. 7.0 ± 1.3, P <0.05) and AIR score (10.7 ± 1.6 vs. 7.7 ± 1.9, P <0.05) of AG, were higher than NAG he presence of fever and appendicolith was associated with a high rate of perforated appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric appendicitis with appendicolith has greater clinical risk and tends to causing complicated appendicitis.

Objetivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el riesgo clínico de la apendicitis con apendicolito y su importancia al elegir las estrategias terapéuticas. Métodos. Se analizó retrospectivamente a niños con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda entre junio de 2011 y enero de 2017. Se dividió en un grupo con apendicolito(GA) y un grupo sin apendicolito (GSA) según la presencia o no de apendicolito durante la cirugía abierta. Se revisaron y compararon la presentación clínica, de laboratorios, los resultados de la tomografía computada y los cambios patológicos. Resultados. De 163 pacientes, se incluyó a 23 (media de edad: 6,1 años) en el GA y a 140 (media de edad: 8,1 años) en el GSA. Los pacientes en el GA tuvieron una hospitalización más extensa, mayor temperatura corporal, mayor frecuencia de diarrea, signo de Blumberg, aumento del porcentaje de neutrófilos, proteína C-reactiva y mayor riesgo de perforación. La puntuación en las escalas de Alvarado (8,3 ± 1,2 frente a 7,0 ± 1,3; P < 0,05) y de respuesta inflamatoria a apendicitis (10,7 ± 1,6 frente a 7,7 ± 1,9; P < 0,05) fue mayor en el GA que en el GSA; la presencia de fiebre y apendicolito se asoció con una mayor tasa de apendicitis perforada. Conclusiones. La apendicitis pediátrica con apendicolito representa un mayor riesgo clínico y tiende a causar apendicitis complicada.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a representative prediabetes characterized by defective glucose homeostasis, and palmatine (PAL) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with multiple pharmacological effects. Our study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of PAL on the impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an IGT model with high fat diet (HFD). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and further biochemical analysis were conducted to determine the effect of PAL on glucose intolerance in vivo. Molecular details were clarified in a cellular model of IGT induced by Palmitate (PA) on INS-1 cells. RESULTS: Our study demonstrated a relief of IGT with improved insulin resistance in HFD induced rats after PAL treatment. Besides, promoted pancreas islets function was validated with significantly increased ß cell mass after the treatment of PAL. We further found out that PAL could alleviate the ß cell apoptosis that accounts for ß cell mass loss in IGT model. Moreover, MAPK signaling was investigated in vivo and vitro with the discovery that PAL regulated the MAPK signaling by restricting the ERK and JNK cascades. The insulin secretion assay indicated that PAL significantly promoted the defective insulin secretion in PA-induced INS-1 cells via JNK rather than ERK signaling. Furthermore, PAL treatment was determined to significantly suppress ß cell apoptosis in PA-induced cells. We thus thought that PAL promoted the PA-induced impaired insulin release by inhibiting the ß; cell apoptosis and JNK signaling in vitro. CONCLUSION: In summary, PAL ameliorates HFD-induced IGT with novel mechanisms.

RESUMO

El tratamiento de los lactantes con quistes pulmonares congénitos conlleva una resección quirúrgica. Las variaciones en la ubicación y el tamaño del quiste de aire en el pulmón afectado implican la selección de diferentes estrategias quirúrgicas. La presencia de quistes pulmonares congénitos gigantes que imitan un neumotórax a tensión no permitiría tomar una decisión precisa y realizar un tratamiento oportuno durante una emergencia respiratoria. Los escasos informes sobre este tipo de experiencia hacen referencia a quistes a tensión durante la niñez. En este artículo, presentamos el caso de un niño con un quiste pulmonar congénito gigante que imita neumotórax a tensión según las manifestaciones clínicas y las evaluaciones del diagnóstico por imágenes. La descompresión instantánea del neumotórax a tensión no logró aliviar la dificultad respiratoria del niño. En los niños que presentan evidencia clínica de neumotórax a tensión, se debe excluir la posibilidad de un quiste pulmonar congénito gigante.

Treats of symptomatic infants with congenital cystic lung lesions (CCLLs) need surgical resection. Variable location and size of the air cyst of involved lung mean that different surgical strategies must be selected. The presence of huge CCLLs mimicking tension pneumothorax would hamper accurate judgment and timely treatment in dealing with respiratory emergencies. Rare experience reports are coping with childhood tension cystic lung lesion. We present a case of childhood huge CCLLs which was similar to tension pneumothorax based on clinical manifestations and imaging evaluations. Implementation of instant decompression measure against tension pneumothorax failed to alleviate respiratory distress of child. We should exclude the possibility of huge lung cystic lesion in children when clinical evidence inclines to the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax.

RESUMO

Treats of symptomatic infants with congenital cystic lung lesions (CCLLs) need surgical resection. Variable location and size of the air cyst of involved lung mean that different surgical strategies must be selected. The presence of huge CCLLs mimicking tension pneumothorax would hamper accurate judgment and timely treatment in dealing with respiratory emergencies. Rare experience reports are coping with childhood tension cystic lung lesion. We present a case of childhood huge CCLLs which was similar to tension pneumothorax based on clinical manifestations and imaging evaluations. Implementation of instant decompression measure against tension pneumothorax failed to alleviate respiratory distress of child. We should exclude the possibility of huge lung cystic lesion in children when clinical evidence inclines to the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax.

El tratamiento de los lactantes con quistes pulmonares congénitos conlleva una resección quirúrgica. Las variaciones en la ubicación y el tamaño del quiste de aire en el pulmón afectado implican la selección de diferentes estrategias quirúrgicas. La presencia de quistes pulmonares congénitos gigantes que imitan un neumotórax a tensión no permitiría tomar una decisión precisa y realizar un tratamiento oportuno durante una emergencia respiratoria. Los escasos informes sobre este tipo de experiencia hacen referencia a quistes a tensión durante la niñez. En este artículo, presentamos el caso de un niño con un quiste pulmonar congénito gigante que imita neumotórax a tensión según las manifestaciones clínicas y las evaluaciones del diagnóstico por imágenes. La descompresión instantánea del neumotórax a tensión no logró aliviar la dificultad respiratoria del niño. En los niños que presentan evidencia clínica de neumotórax a tensión, se debe excluir la posibilidad de un quiste pulmonar congénito gigante.

RESUMO

The protein of Myc modulator 1 (Mm-1) has been reported to repress the transcriptional activity of the proto-oncogene c-Myc in humans. Moreover, it was shown to be the subunit 5 of human prefoldin (PFD). So far, this gene and its homologs have been isolated and sequenced in many organisms, such as mammals and fish, but has not been sequenced for any amphibian or reptile. In order to better understand the function and evolution of Mm-1, we isolated a full-length Mm-1 cDNA (BgMm-1, GenBank accession no. EF211947) from Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842) using RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) methods. Mm-1 in B. gargarizans is 755 bp long, comprising an open reading frame (ORF) of 459 bp encoding 152 amino acids. The amino acid sequence had a prefoldin -like domain, partially including a typical putative leucine zipper motif. BgMm-1 showed high similarity to its homolog of Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 (82%) and Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 MM-1 isoform a (81%) at the amino acid level. The protein secondary structure modeled with the SWISS MODEL server revealed that there were two -helices and four b-strands in BgMm-1 as its human orthologue, and both proteins belonged to the a class of PFD family. The phylogenetic relationships of Mm-1s from lower archaea to high mammals was consistent with the evolution of species, meanwhile the cluster result was consistent with the multiple alignment and the sequence identity analysis. RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) analysis demonstrated that BgMm-1 expressed widely in ten tissues of adult toad. These results can be helpful for the further investigation on the evolution of Mm-1.

RESUMO

Sox (SRY-related HMG-box) genes encode a family of transcriptional regulators, which are characterized by a conserved 79-amino acid domain known as HMG-box. They play essential roles in a diverse range of processes including sex determination and the development of the central nervous system (CNS), neural crest and endoderm. In this paper, the HMG domain of ten distinct Sox gene family members (os-Sox2, os-Sox3a, os-Sox3b, os-Sox4, os-Sox11a, os-Sox11b, os-Sox14a, os-Sox14b, os-Sox21a, os-Sox21b) were isolated from both male and female Odorrana schmackeri (Boettger, 1892) using PCR, and no sexual differences were found. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the HMG domain suggested that these ten Sox genes are members of the SoxB and SoxC groups. In addition, sequence analysis suggested that four Sox genes (os-Sox3, os-Sox11, os-Sox14, os-Sox21) were duplicated. The duplication-degeneration-complementation model should be implied to explain the evolution and diversity of the Sox gene family in O. schmackeri.

RESUMO

The Vasa protein is a member of the DEAD (Asp-Glu-Alu-Asp) box family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases. The Vasa gene is specifically expressed in germ-line cells of many metazoans and is known to play a critical role in gametogenesis and reproductive regulation. In this paper, we isolate the full length cDNA sequence of the Vasa gene from the frog Rana nigromaculata Hallowell, 1861. The open reading frame (ORF) encoding 398 amino acid residues has nine conserved motifs. According to the similarities at the amino acid sequenceythe phylogenetic analysis of Vasa gene was consistent with the evolution relationships from chordates to mammals. Furthermore, the expression pattern analysis of RnVasa mRNA, using the technique of Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), showed a high level of transcripts in testis, ovary and kidney, whereas little to no signal was detected in other tissues, which suggests that it may play a role during gametogenesis.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Allergic sensitization is very prevalent and often precedes the development of allergic disease. This study examined the association of race with allergic sensitization among healthy children with no family history of atopy. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred seventy-five children, predominantly from lower socioeconomic strata, from Cincinnati, Ohio, ages 2 to 18 years without a family or personal history of allergic diseases, underwent skin prick testing to 11 allergen panels. The Pediatric Allergic Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PADQLQ) was used to examine the impact of sensitization on quality of life. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of healthy children were sensitized to 1 or more allergen panels. Multivariate logistic regression showed increased risk among African-American children for any sensitization (OR, 2.17; [95% CI: 1.23, 3.84]) and sensitization to any outdoor allergen (OR, 2.96 [95% CI: 1.52, 5.74]). Eighty-six percent of children had PADQLQ scores of 1 or less (0 to 6 scale). CONCLUSIONS: Allergic sensitization is prevalent even among children who do not have a personal or family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis and who have no evidence of current, even subtle effects from this sensitization on allergic disease-related quality of life. African-American children are at greater risk for presence of sensitization, especially to outdoor allergens.