Anxiolytic interventions of extracts and pure compounds from Adenanthera pavonina and Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves to treat acute anxiety and depression symptoms in mice.

Anxiolytic effect of ethanol, hexane extracts and pure compounds ß- sito sterol glucoside and bergenin isolated from Adenanthera pavonina AP (Fabaceae) and Peltophorum pterocarpum PP (Fabaceae) leaves were monitored in this study. Mice were treated with dose of 125mg/kg body weight of ethanol and hexane leaves extracts of both tested plants while, 5mg/kg body weight of ß-sito sterol glucoside and 25mg/kg body weight of bergenin. The effect was monitored by hole board test, forced swimming test, open field apparatus and stationary rod test. Results from neuropharmacological effects revealed that ethanol extract of AP leaves and hexane extract of PP leaves had significant anxiolytic (forced swimming test) exploratory (head dip and open field test) and neuro activator activity (stationary rod test) at tested dose. The greatest anti-depressant and anxiolytic effect was found in ethanol extract of AP leaves when compared to all treated drugs. A part from memory enhancing effects, diazepam treated mice also exhibited anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and found comparable with ethanol extract of AP. These findings may clarify the impact of ethanol, hexane extracts and pure substances ß-sitosterol glucoside and bergenin at tested concentrations, as well as their potential to treat the Parkinson's and related disorders as an alternative therapy.

Urease inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging potential of phytoconstituent from Alstonia scholaris and molecular docking interactions of bioactive luteolin with target proteins.

A polyphenolic flavone Luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is found in various plants and is traditionally used in Chinese medicine. It is obtained from Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br Flower belonging to the family Apocynaceae while investigation. Various studies have been demonstrated the antioxidant or antiulcer potential of luteolin from different plant sources. In the present investigation the antioxidant or antiulcer effect of the Luteolin has been carried out using molecular docking simulations. The objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and antiulcer potential of luteolin obtained during isolation. The in vitro biological evaluation has been supported by the in silico studies using Autodock vina 4 shows the ligand-protein interaction of lute olin with 1HD2, 4GY7 and 3O1Q. Luteolin showed significant DPPH scavenging and urease inhibition activity i.e., 23.4 ± 0.87, 6.21±0.45 IC50 (uM) respectively as compared to the standard BHA and thiourea 44.2±0.45, 22.4±0.29 IC50 (uM) respectively. The docking simulations showed significant binding pocket sites with the respective proteins1HD2, 4GY7 and 3O1Q with the least binding energy -6.8, -8.0 and -8.2 kcal/mol respectively. Thus, Strong evidence has been presented with their confirmation structural interaction via molecular docking with proteins that serve as binding sites for available Luteolin molecule. The findings justify the application of the compound as a novel antioxidant and antiulcer agent.

Effect of Pilates based exercises on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Pilates exercises on pain, knee range of motion and functional disability in women with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: The double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from April to September 2018, and comprised female patients with knee osteoarthritis. The subjects were selected and randomised into control group A receiving isometrics and intervention group B receiving Pilates exercises. Both groups received one-hour sessions 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The groups were assessed at baseline and at the end of the 8th week using numeric pain rating scale and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index for pain and functionality level respectively. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of 44 patients, there were 22(50%) in each of the two groups. Mean age of group B was 57.60±6.34 years, and it was 55.65±7.28 in group B. Mean body mass index of group B was 25.812±4.16, and it was 26.93±4.4 in group A. The study was completed by 40(91%) patients; 20(50%) in each of the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvement for pain, range of motion and physical function post-intervention (p<0.05). Group B showed significantly more improvement in terms of pain and physical function compared to group A (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pilates exercises were found to be more effective in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Chi CTR 2000030486.

Effectiveness of Mulligan mobilization and Kinesio-taping technique on the anterior innominate dysfunction in females.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of Mulligan mobilisation with Kinesio Tex tape on pain and disability in anterior innominate dysfunction in females. METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted from March to August 2018 at the Allied Hospital and Javeed Medical Complex, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and comprised women with anterior innominate dysfunction. The subjects were divided into group A, which was treated with therapeutic ultrasound, Mulligan mobilisation and Kinesio taping, and group B, which was treated with therapeutic ultrasound and Mulligan mobilisation. Data was taken at baseline and after 10 days to measure pain and disability using visual analogue scale and Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 30 women, there were 15(50%) in group A with a mean age of 32.80±6.02 years and 15(50%) in group B with a mean age of 34.20±6.51 years. Both groups showed significant improvement in pain and disability post-treatment (p<0.05), with group A showing more improvement than group B in terms of disability (p=0.001), but not in terms of pain (p=0.20). CONCLUSIONS: Both Mulligan mobilisation along with Kineso Tex tape and Mulligan mobilisation alone were found to be effective in reducing pain and disability, with the tape showing better improvement in pain and disability compared to those receiving mobilisation alone.

Knowledge and attitude of Pakistani women towards antenatal exercise: A cross-sectional survey across Lahore.

Exercise has become a significant part of antenatal care. Adequate knowledge amongst pregnant females is important to encourage them to work on it. The aim of this study was to attain information on the level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards antenatal exercise amongst women in Lahore, Pakistan. This was a cross-sectional survey in which a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire was used to gather data from 250 pregnant females. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0 found the following results: relaxation and breathing n=136 (54.4%), back care exercises n=178 (71.2%) were the main known antenatal exercises. Prevention of back pain n=111 (44.4%), excess weight gain n=127 (50.8%), strengthening muscles n=141 (56.4%) and better ability to cope with labour n= 115 (46.0%) were perceived as advantages. In the survey, n= 218 (87.2%) of the females had a negative attitude towards antenatal exercises. The survey confirmed most of the pregnant females in Lahore had inadequate knowledge and a negative attitude towards antenatal exercises.

Effect of ascorbic acid on the degradation of cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin in aqueous solution: a kinetic study.

The degradation kinetics of 5 × 10(-5) M cyanocobalamin (B12) and hydroxocobalamin (B12b) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AH2) was studied in the pH range of 1.0-8.0. B12 is degraded to B12b which undergoes oxidation to corrin ring cleavage products. B12b alone is directly oxidized to the ring cleavage products. B12 and B12b in degraded solutions were simultaneously assayed by a two-component spectrometric method at 525 and 550 nm without interference from AH2. Both degrade by first-order kinetics and the values of the rate constants at pH 1.0-8.0 range from 0.08 to 1.05 × 10(-5) s(-1) and 0.22-7.62 × 10(-5) s(-1), respectively, in the presence of 0.25 × 10(-3) M AH2. The t 1/2 values of B12 and B12b range from 13.7 to 137.5 h and 2.5-87.5 h, respectively. The second-order rate constants for the interaction of AH2 with B12 and B12b are 0.05-0.28 × 10(-2) and 1.10-30.08 × 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, indicating a greater effect of AH2 on B12b compared to that of B12. The k obs-pH profiles for both B12 and B12b show the highest rates of degradation around pH 5. The degradation of B12 and B12b by AH2 is affected by the catalytic effect of phosphate ions on the oxidation of AH2 in the pH range 6.0-8.0.