Deciphering the adaptation mechanism of anammox consortia under sulfamethoxazole stress: A model coupling resistance accumulation and interspecies-cooperation.

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is frequently detected in wastewater where anammox applications are promising. While it has been demonstrated that anammox consortia can adapt to SMX stress, the underlying community adaptation strategy has not yet been fully addressed. Therefore, in this study, we initially ascertained anammox consortia's ability to co-metabolize SMX in batch tests. Then, a 200-day domestication process of anammox consortia under SMX stress was carried out with community variations and transcriptional activities monitored by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing techniques. Despite the initial drop to 41.88 %, the nitrogen removal efficiency of the anammox consortia rebounded to 84.64 % post-domestication under 5 mg/L SMX. Meanwhile, a 4.85-fold accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) under SMX stress was observed as compared to the control group. Interestingly, the anammox consortia may unlock the SMX-inhibited folate synthesis pathway through a novel interspecies cooperation triangle among Nitrospira (NAA), Desulfobacillus denitrificans (DSS1), and the core anammox population Candidatus Brocadia sinica (AMX1), in which the modified dihydropteroate synthase (encoded by sul1) of NAA reconnected the symbiotic cooperation between AMX1 and DSS1. Overall, this study provides a new model for the adaptation strategies of anammox consortia to SMX stress.

Rational design of multifunctional hydrogels targeting the microenvironment of diabetic periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease and is the primary contributor to adult tooth loss. Diabetes exacerbates periodontitis, accelerates periodontal bone resorption. Thus, effectively managing periodontitis in individuals with diabetes is a long-standing challenge. This review introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis, and analyzes the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the four pathological microenvironments influenced by diabetic periodontitis: high glucose microenvironment, bacterial infection microenvironment, inflammatory microenvironment, and bone loss microenvironment. The hydrogel design strategies and latest research development tailored to the four microenvironments of diabetic periodontitis are mainly focused on. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions in the treatment of diabetic periodontitis are discussed. We believe this review will be helpful for researchers seeking novel avenues in the treatment of diabetic periodontitis.

Ultrathin Flexible Silica Nanosheets with Surface Chemistry-Modulated Affinity to Mammalian Cells.

Flexibility of nanomaterials is challenging but worthy to tune for biomedical applications. Biocompatible silica nanomaterials are under extensive exploration but are rarely observed to exhibit flexibility despite the polymeric nature. Herein, a facile one-step route is reported to ultrathin flexible silica nanosheets (NSs), whose low thickness and high diameter-to-thickness ratio enables folding. Thickness and diameter can be readily tuned to enable controlled flexibility. Mechanism study reveals that beyond the commonly used surfactant, the "uncommon" one bearing two hydrophobic tails play a guiding role in producing sheeted/layered/shelled structures, while addition of ethanol appropriately relieved the strong interfacial tension of the assembled surfactants, which will otherwise produce large curled sheeted structures. With these ultrathin NSs, it is further shown that the cellular preference for particle shape and rigidity is highly dependent on surface chemistry of nanoparticles: under high particle-cell affinity, NSs, and especially the flexible ones will be preferred by mammalian cells for internalization or attachment, while this preference is basically invalid when the affinity is low. Therefore, properties of the ultrathin silica NSs can be effectively expanded and empowered by surface chemistry to realize improved bio-sensing or drug delivery.

Microstructure and digestive behaviors of inner, middle, and outer layers of pork during heating.

To investigate the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and digestive behaviors of pork, meat samples were subjected to a 100 °C water bath for 26 min. The inner, medium, and outer layers were assigned and analyzed according to the temperature gradient. Compared to the raw samples, significant changes were observed in the microscopic structure of pork. As the temperature increased, the myofibrillar structure of pork underwent increasingly severe damage and the moisture content decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, differential peptides were identified in digested products of the inner, middle, and outer layers of cooked pork, which are mainly derived from the structural proteins of pork. The outcomes of molecular docking indicated that a greater number of hydrogen bonds were formed between myosin and the digestive enzyme in the inner layer, rather than other parts, contributing to the transformation of digestive behaviors.

Myocardial work by pressure-strain loop is associated with molecular imaging of fibroblast activation in hypertensive hearts using 99mTc-HFAPI SPECT.

99mTc-HFAPI can visualize fibroblast activation in hypertensive hearts. Myocardial work (MW) reflects the cardiac mechanical properties after accounting for the afterload in hypertensive patients. We investigated whether MW was associated with increased uptake of 99mTc-HFAPI. A total of 97 hypertensive patients and 41 healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited. Global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW) and global work efficiency (GWE) were analyzed. According to whether myocardial uptake of FAPI was higher than the adjacent blood pool, hypertensive patients were divided into two groups, namely: FAPI + and FAPI- group, respectively. GWI, GCW and GWE of the FAPI + group were lower than the FAPI- group. The value of GWW in the FAPI + group was higher than in the FAPI- group. Multiple regression analyses revealed GWI, GWW and GWE were independently associated with early myocardial fibrosis. According to receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the best cutoff points for FAPI + of GWI, GWW and GWE were 1968.50 mmHg% (AUC: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.581-0.793, P = 0.002), 133.00 mmHg% (AUC: 0.778, 95% CI: 0.688-0.869, P < 0.001) and 95.07% (AUC: 0.813, 95% CI: 0.730-0.896, P < 0.001), respectively. GWI, GWW and GWE were impaired in hypertensive patients with cardiac 99mTc-HFAPI uptake and were associated with fibroblast activation in hypertensive hearts.

Design and properties of ternary alkali-activated binder based on blast furnace slag, recycled powder and waste glass powder.

Ternary alkali-activated binder was prepared by blast furnace slag (GGBS), recycled powder (RP) and waste glass powder (WGP) using simplex centroid design method. By measuring the fluidity, setting time, drying shrinkage and mechanical property of specimen, the complementary effect of GGBS, RP and WGP was discussed. The reaction mechanism and microstructure were explored by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that the addition of RP could significantly reduce the fluidity and setting time of paste, while WGP can obviously improve the rheological property and play a retarding role. The workability of paste can be effectively regulated by mixing RP and WGP together. Whether added alone or in combination, RP and WGP can effectively improve the shrinkage performance. In the ternary system, GGBS can be rapidly activated and form a skeleton structure. The fine RP particles can play a good role in filling the structure, and the pozzolanic reaction of WGP gradually occurs, which makes the microstructure more compact. The incorporation of GGBS, RP and WGP can promote the growth of hydration products, improve the density of microstructure, and form a certain complementary effect.

Application of novel magnetic lignin hydrogels: Activated persulfate degrades pesticide contaminants.

Lignin hydrogels have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive three-dimensional structures and potent swelling ability. In this work, a novel magnetic nanocomposite lignin hydrogel (MNLH) was fabricated through organic synthesis and solution immersion reduction. The obtained MNLH was used to activate persulfate(PDS) for pesticide degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of MNLH. The influence of factors such as the lignin hydrogel to nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) and copper oxide (CuO) mass ratio, MNLH dosage, initial pH on the MNLH/PDS/imidacloprid (IMI) system. Remarkably, the MNLH/PDS/IMI system has a removal rate of up to 100%. Quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies disclosed that the MNLH/PDS system degraded IMI through a combination of free radical and non-free radical pathways, with the latter being dominant. More importantly, in this study, the toxicity and hydrolysis sites of IMI were analyzed using ECOSAR and Gaussian09, respectively, confirming the feasibility of activating persulfate with MNLH. These findings underscore the potential of MNLH as a function material suitable for facilitating the persulfate-activated degradation of organic pollutants.

Preparation and characterization of intelligent and active bi-layer film based on carrageenan/pectin for monitoring freshness of salmon.

This work aimed to develop and characterize a novel bi-layer film (BIF) for monitoring the freshness of salmon. The indicator layer consists of carrageenan (Car), pectin (PEC) and purple sweet potato anthocyanin (PSPA), and the antibacterial layer consists of Car and magnolol (Mag). The results showed that the Car/Mag2 had the optimal water resistance: the static water contact angle of 80.36 ± 0.92 °, moisture content of 31.38 ± 0.86 %, swelling degree of 92.96 ± 0.46 %, and water solubility of 40.08 ± 1.17 %, and showed excellent antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus with antibacterial rate of 86.13 % ± 0.10 % and 97.53 % ± 0.02 %, respectively. Then BIFs with different PSPA concentration were tested. The morphology, mechanical and water vapor properties (WVP) of the BIFs were studied, and its application in salmon preservation was evaluated. The mechanical properties and WVP test results showed that the BIF0.2 had the optimal Tensile strength (TS) and WVP values. The BIFs showed distinguishable color changes between the pH ranges of 3-10. The shelf life of salmon packaged by BIF0.2 was prolonged by 2 days. Moreover, the BIF0.2 was able to effectively monitor salmon freshness. In conclusion, the BIF has great potential for monitoring salmon meat freshness.

Ratiometric fluorescent determination of sulfadimethoxine in foods based on a dual-emission metal-organic framework.

Ratiometric fluorescence detection is endowed with higher accuracy than single fluorescence signal assay. In this work, we construct a ratiometric fluorescence probe for the facile quantification of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in foods. By wrapping N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), the nanocomposite of N-CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 is facilely prepared and emits two fluorescence including 475 nm from N-CDs and 650 nm from AuNCs. Since bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the stabilizer of AuNCs, SDM can form a complex with BSA, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs at 650 nm by a static quenching mechanism. In contrast, SDM has a rare influence on the fluorescence of N-CDs (475 nm). As a result, the use of the probe of N-CDs/AuNCs@ZIF-8 for SDM detection enables simultaneous measurement of response signal and reference signal. Under the optimal condition, the SDM assay based on the probe has a good linear relationship within 10 to 2 × 106 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) is low to 1.064 ng/mL. In addition, the fluorescent probe shows good reliability for the detection of SDM in practical food samples.

[Research progress in biosensors for adiponectin].

Adiponectin, a cytokine associated with adipose tissue, is a recently defined adipocytokine involved in insulin, glucose, and adipocyte metabolism. Reduced adiponectin levels can increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS). Adiponectin is considered an important target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and MS due to its anti-atherosclerotic and insulin-sensitizing effects. Therefore, the accurate determination of adiponectin concentrations in human plasma is necessary for the management of both T2DM and MS. A variety of biosensors have been developed for the detection of biomarkers such as adiponectin. This paper reviews the applications of electrochemical sensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors, and microfluidic chip-based chemiluminescence sensors in the detection of adiponectin and the recent research progress in the sensors for the detection of adiponectin, aiming to provide a reference for the research and application of sensors for adiponectin in the medical field.

Adsorption of Pb(II) in water by modified chitosan-based microspheres and the study of mechanism.

In this study, a fresh three-dimensional microsphere adsorbent (CATP@SA3) was successfully synthesized by Attapulgite (ATP) and combining Chitosan (CS), incorporating them into a Sodium alginate (SA) solution, and crosslinking them in a CaCl2 solution. Multiple analyses, including XRD, TGA, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDS, and BET were utilized to comprehensively characterize the structural makeup of CATP@SA3. These analyses revealed the presence of beneficial functional groups like hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups that enhance the adsorption efficiency in adsorption procedures. CATP@SA3 was evaluated by studying different factors, including material ratio, contact time, dosage, solution pH, Pb(II) concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and aqueous environment. Three adsorption models, including kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic, were fitted to the experimental data. The findings demonstrated that the maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity of CATP@SA3 was 1081.36 mg/g, with a removal rate that exceeded 70 % even after 5 cycles of use. Furthermore, correlation adsorption models revealed that the adsorption process of Pb(II) with CATP@SA3 was driven by a chemical predominantly reaction.

Visualizing the Heterogeneity in Homogeneous Supramolecular Polymers.

The dynamic properties of supramolecular polymers enable new functionality beyond the limitations of conventional polymers. The mechanism of the monomer exchange between different supramolecular polymers is proposed to be closely associated with local disordered domains within the supramolecular polymers. However, a direct detection of such heterogeneity has never been experimentally probed. Here, we present the direct visualization of the local disordered domains in the backbone of supramolecular polymers by a super-resolution microscopy technique: Nile Red-based spectrally resolved point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (NR-sPAINT). We investigate the local disordered domains in trisamide-based supramolecular polymers comprising a (co)assembly of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) and a variant with one of the amide bonds inverted (iBTA). The NR-sPAINT allows us to simultaneously map the spatial distribution and polarity of the local disordered domains along the polymers with a spatial precision down to ∼20 nm. Quantitative autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis show subtle differences in the spatial distribution of the disordered domains between polymers composed of different variants of BTA monomers. Further, statistical analysis unraveled high heterogeneity in monomer packing at both intra- and interpolymer levels. The results reported here demonstrate the necessity of investigating the structures in soft materials at nanoscale to fully understand their intricacy.

ß-Sitosterol Inhibits Tumor Growth and Amplifies Rituximab Sensitivity through Acid Sphingomyelinase/Ceramide Signaling in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Rituximab (RTX) resistance is a notable challenge in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). ß-Sitosterol (ß-ST) is a plant sterol that has been found in a broad variety of fruits, spices, and medicinal plants. The antineoplastic properties of ß-ST are established in various solid malignancies; however, its effect on DLBCL is uncharted. This study investigates the role of ß-ST in DLBCL as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicated that ß-ST impeded DLBCL cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. ß-ST appeared to alter sphingolipid metabolism, facilitate acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) translocation to the plasma membrane, augment ceramide platforms through increased ceramide synthesis, and consequently induce apoptosis in DLBCL cells. Furthermore, we found that RTX initiated both apoptotic and survival pathways in vitro, with the former contingent on the transient activation of the ASM, and ß-ST could amplify the anti-DLBCL efficacy of RTX by modulating ASM/Ceramide (Cer) signaling. Collectively, our findings elucidate the mechanistic role of ß-ST in DLBCL and underscore its potential in amplifying the antineoplastic efficacy of RTX via ASM activation, proposing a potential avenue to improve the efficacy of RTX therapy.

Gastric granular cell tumor: A case report and literature review.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are neoplasms of uncertain histopathological etiology and therefore there are no universally accepted treatment strategies. GCTs are characterized by abundant eosinophilic granules. Since they are predominantly located in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, gastric GCTs are exceedingly rare. The present study documents the case of a 52-year-old man who visited the Gastroenterology Clinic of the People's Hospital of Putuo District (Zhoushan, China) due to upper abdominal fullness. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a well-defined hypoechoic nodule in the submucosal layer of the stomach body. The lesion was completely excised using endoscopic submucosal dissection and the patient made a full postoperative recovery. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for S100 and CD68, with CD34 expression surrounding the tumor cells. At telephone follow-up until May 2024, the patient's fullness and discomfort were noted to be relieved. The characteristics of the CD34 expression pattern may serve as a novel basis for the pathological diagnosis of gastric GCTs. Endoscopic resection is a feasible option for gastric GCTs smaller than 2 cm.

Magnetic compression anastomosis to restore biliary tract continuity after obstruction following major abdominal trauma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The combination of magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) and endoscopy has been used to treat biliary stricture after liver transplantation. However, its use for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction after major abdominal trauma has not been reported. This case report describes the successful use of MCA for the treatment of biliary obstruction resulting from major abdominal trauma. CASE SUMMARY: A 23-year-old man underwent major abdominal surgery (repair of liver rupture, right half colon resection, and ileostomy) following a car accident one year ago. The abdominal drainage tube, positioned at the Winslow foramen, was draining approximately 600-800 mL of bile per day. During the two endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures, the guide wire was unable to enter the common bile duct, which prevented placement of a biliary stent. MCA combined with endoscopy was used to successfully achieve magnetic anastomosis of the peritoneal sinus tract and duodenum, and then a choledochoduodenal stent was placed. Finally, the external biliary drainage tube was removed. The patient achieved internal biliary drainage leading to the removal of the external biliary drainage tube, which improved the quality of life. CONCLUSION: Magnetic compression technique can be used for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction with minimal operative trauma.

Novel magnetic compression technique for the treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis in rectal cancer: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis after excision of rectal cancer is challenging. Endoscopic balloon dilation and radial incision are not effective in all patients. We present a new endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression technique (MCT) for the treatment of rectal anastomotic stenosis. We successfully applied this MCT to a patient who developed an anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old man had undergone laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery at a local hospital 5 months ago. A colonoscopy performed 2 months ago indicated that the rectal anastomosis was narrow due to which ileostomy closure could not be performed. The patient came to the Magnetic Surgery Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University after learning that we had successfully treated patients with colorectal stenosis using MCT. We performed endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression surgery for rectal stenosis. The magnets were removed 16 d later. A follow-up colonoscopy performed after 4 months showed good anastomotic patency, following which, ileostomy closure surgery was performed. CONCLUSION: MCT is a simple, non-invasive technique for the treatment of anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer. The technique can be widely used in clinical settings.

Oxygen vacancy-rich ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 Z-Scheme heterojunction: A strategy to enhance visible light-driven photocatalytic removal of ARB and ARGs.

Oxygen vacancy-rich ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 (BO/BOS) Z-Scheme heterojunction was prepared by hydrothermal method-assisted calcination. Under visible light, ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 photocatalyst demonstrated superior photocatalytic efficacy in degrading antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (AR E. coli) compared to individual ß-Bi2O3 and Bi2O2SiO3. The experimental results showed that BO/BOS-450 sample possessed the best photocatalytic activity against tetracycline (2 h, 80.8%), amoxicillin (4 h, 57.9%) and AR E. coli (3 h, 107.43 CFU·mL-1). BO/BOS-450 sample showed 91.8% electrostatic capture of AR E. coli in the bacterial capture experiment. In the antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) degradation experiment, BO/BOS-450 sample was able to bring the log10 (Ct/C0) value of tetA to -3.49 after 2 h. Oxygen vacancies (OVs) were verified through HR-TEM, XPS and EPR analyses. ESR experiments aligned with the quenching experiment results, confirming that the crucial active species were ‧O2- and h+ during photocatalytic sterilization. A small-scale sewage treatment equipment was designed for the effective removal of ARB from real water samples.

Qinghao-Biejia Herb Pair attenuates SLE atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Qinghao-Biejia herb pair (QB) is the core herb pair of "Jieduquyuziyin prescription" and is one of the commonly used herb pairs for the clinical treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies have shown that QB reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum and kidney of MRL/lpr mice. Additionally, it inhibits the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the kidney and aorta and reduces the deposition of renal complement C3 and aortic plaque after treatment. These findings suggest that QB has a preventive and therapeutic effect on lupus rats. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study sought to investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-SLE combined with atherosclerosis activity of the Qinghao-Biejia herb pair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drug targets for QB were identified using the HERB database, while targets associated with SLE and atherosclerosis were retrieved from the GeneCards database. The intersection of these drug and disease targets was then analyzed using a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. In vivo, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were induced to develop SLE-AS by intraperitoneal injection of pristane and continued feeding of a high-fat diet. The changes in relevant indexes were observed after 12 weeks of gavage treatment with hydroxychloroquine, QB, Q (Qinghao alone), and B (Biejia alone). Bone marrow-derived macrophages from ApoE-/- mice and Raw 264.7 macrophages were used to explore the mechanisms of QB treatment. RESULTS: The levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and pathological liver changes in mice were improved to varying degrees in the treatment groups. Additionally, there was a reduction in aortic atheromatous plaque formation and some improvement in cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, QB suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines in M1 macrophages, suggesting a role in regulating macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION: QB demonstrates clear efficacy for treating SLE-AS, and its therapeutic mechanism may involve the regulation of macrophage phenotypes by promoting cholesterol efflux.

Blood mercury mediates the associations between fish consumption and serum uric acid levels among Chinese adults: A nationally representative study.

Fish consumption can increase purine load in human body, and the enrichment of mercury in fish may affect the glomerular filtration function, both resulting in increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels. The data of blood mercury (BHg), fish consumption frequency and SUA levels of 7653 participants aged 18 years or older was from China National Human Biomonitoring (2017-2018). The associations between fish consumption frequency, ln-transformed BHg and SUA levels were explored through weighted multiple linear regressions. The mediating effect of BHg levels between fish consumption frequency and SUA levels was evaluated by mediation analysis. We found that both the fish consumption frequency and BHg were positively associated with SUA levels in both sexes. Compared to participants who had never consumed fish, participants who consumed fish once a week or more had higher SUA levels [ß (95% confidence interval, CI): 20.39 (2.16, 38.62) in males; ß (95% CI): 10.06 (0.76, 19.37) in females] and ln-transformed BHg [ß (95% CI): 0.97 (0.61, 1.34) in males; ß (95% CI): 0.84 (0.63, 1.05) in females]. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed BHg, the SUA levels rose by 4.78 (95% CI: 0.01, 9.54) µmol/L for males and 3.81 (95% CI: 1.60, 6.03) µmol/L for females. The association between fish consumption with SUA levels was mediated by ln-transformed BHg with the percent mediated of 34.66% in males and 26.58% in females. It revealed that BHg played mediating roles in the elevation of SUA levels caused by fish consumption. This study's findings could promote the government to intervene in mercury pollution in fish, so as to ensure the safety of fish consumption.

Crosstalk between Myopia and Inflammation: A Mini Review.

Myopia represents a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly affecting the ocular health of children and adolescents. The escalating prevalence of myopia in recent years underscores its urgency as a health issue among this demographic. Research indicates a profound connection between the onset of myopia, inflammatory processes and fibrosis. Individuals with inflammatory conditions like allergic conjunctivitis, choroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and diabetes exhibit a heightened susceptibility to myopia. Conversely, myopic patients are at an increased risk of developing ocular inflammatory disorders, notably idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. We postulate that the expression of inflammatory markers, including NF-κB, TGF-ß, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, may contribute to the chronic inflammatory state observed in myopia. This paper highlights a substantial correlation between myopia and inflammation, suggesting the potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in managing inflammation and slowing myopia progression.