A Cross Sectional Study on the Bidirectional Interactions Between Leptospirosis and HIV Infection Among Patients from Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique.

Introduction: This study aims to determine the baseline seroprevalence of leptospirosis, a zoonotic and neglected disease, in people living with HIV (PWH) in Maputo, Mozambique, and to evaluate the relationship between selected HIV-related factors that might influence risk of coinfection with leptospirosis, such as degree of immunosuppression, as assessed by CD4 cell count, World Health Organization (WHO) HIV/AIDS clinical stage and antiretroviral therapy (ART) intake. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 157 PWH, aged over 18 years old, admitted to the Maputo Central Hospital, in Maputo, Mozambique, between March 2020 and October 2021. The study participants were recruited as a convenience sample regardless of the reasons for their admission. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data, including ART and WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage, and blood for CD4 cell count and detection of Leptospira IgG antibodies using a commercial Kit ab247199 Leptospira IgG ELISA (www.abcam.com/ab247199) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 97.3%, respectively. Laboratory testing was performed at the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University and Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, in Maputo. Results: Participants were aged 18 to 72 years (median age 39 years; SD ± 10.5), the majority were female 100 (63.7%), from urban areas 138 (87.9%), with secondary-level education 80 (51%). The overall seroprevalence of Leptospira IgG antibodies was 40.1%. The median CD4 cell count was 385 cells/µl (02 to 2297; SD ± 378.47). Higher seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies was found among participants with CD4 cell counts <250 cells/µl (54.8%), WHO HIV/AIDS stage IV (70.2%) and those on ART (92%), though there were no statistically significant differences between groups with and without Leptospira antibodies. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that Leptospira antibodies are highly prevalent in PWH in Maputo; however, Leptospira infection was not associated with the degree of immunosuppression, WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage, or the use of ART. Our data support the need for routine screening for leptospirosis in PWH in Mozambique. Future studies are warranted to characterize the incidence and outcomes of symptomatic leptospirosis in this patient population and to identify circulating serovars and species in the country and region, as well as the implicated reservoirs.

Detection and Preliminary Characterization of Phocine Distemper Virus in a Stranded Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.

A lethargic juvenile male harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in poor nutritional condition was found on the beach on the north shore of Prince Edward Island, Canada, in June 2017. Microscopic examination revealed a severe nonsuppurative encephalitis positive for morbillivirus antigen on immunohistochemistry. Virus isolation attempts were negative. However, phocine distemper virus (PDV) was detected in brain tissue RNA extracts by a seminested reverse transcription PCR that targeted the paramyxovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (pol) gene. Comparison of the resulting partial PDV pol nucleotide sequence revealed it was nearly identical to PDV strains isolated from eastern Atlantic harbor seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) during a 1988 epizootic in the Wadden and Irish seas, and a western Atlantic harbor seal (Phoca vitulina concolor) that stranded in Maine, US, in 2006. Our study confirmed that closely related PDV strains are circulating in multiple seal species along the coastlines of North America and Europe.

Laboratório Especializado de Mogi Guaçu: Doença de Chagas

As atividades do Laboratório de doença de Chagas, localizado na cidade de Mogi Guaçu, foram iniciadas em 1963, pelo Pesquisador Dr. Eduardo Olavo da Rocha e Silva, com o objetivo de conhecer melhor a biologia dos triatomíneos, o agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, realizar xenodiagnósticos e desenvolver pesquisas epidemiológicas e de novas alternativas de controle do vetor...

[Rare collection of Brazilian Society of Dermatology: considerations about its historical preservation].

The article describes the creation of the rare books' collection of Professor Francisco Eduardo Rabello Library at Brazilian Society of Dermatology.

Acervo raro da Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia: considerações sobre sua preservação histórica / Rare Collection of Brazilian Society of Dermatology: considerations about its historical preservation

O artigo descreve a formação da coleção de obras raras da Biblioteca Professor Francisco Eduardo Rabello da Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia.

The article describes the creation of the rare books’ collection of Professor Francisco Eduardo Rabello Library at Brazilian Society of Dermatology.

Fish ladder of Lajeado Dam: migrations on one-way routes?

Fish ladders are generally conceived to reestablish connectivity among critical habitats for migratory species, thus mitigating the impacts of the blockage of migration routes by dams. If this management tool is to be meaningful for conserving fish species, it must provide a fully permeable connection and assure both upward and downward movements. However, because reservoirs have very different hydrodynamics than the original river, it is expected that, at least in the inner area, they may constitute an additional barrier to this movement, especially for descending fish. Thus, the present study sought to determine if migratory fish and their offspring disperse downstream from the dam after ascending a ladder and spawning in the upper reaches of a basin. To achieve this purpose, we evaluated the limitation imposed by lentic areas to the descent of eggs, larvae and adults of migratory species; we also determined the abundance and composition of larvae present in the plankton near the dam, and compared the intensity of the upward and downward movements of adult fish. Samples of ichthyoplankton were taken upriver, inside the reservoir, in the river downstream from the dam, and in the forebay of the Lajeado Dam on the Tocantins River (Luis Eduardo Magalhães Hydroelectric Plant), from October, 1999 through September, 2004. The densities of fish ascending and descending the ladder were determined experimentally on eight occasions, from June, 2004 to March, 2005. Due to difficulties in identifying the true fish origin (up or down) in the environments connected by the fish passage system, the evaluation of the distribution of migratory fish in reservoirs was based on the landings of the commercial fishery conducted along the Itaipu Reservoir during the four years preceding (2001 through 2003) the construction of the lateral channel (fish-passage mechanism). Fish eggs and larvae drifting down the Tocantins River did not appear in samples taken...

Escadas de peixes são geralmente concebidas para restabelecer a conectividade entre habitats críticos de espécies migradoras, atenuando os impactos da interceptação de rotas de migração por barragens. Para que esse instrumento de manejo tenha significado na conservação das espécies é necessário que a permeabilidade dessa conexão seja ampla e que os movimentos ascendentes e descendentes sejam assegurados. Entretanto, como os reservatórios têm uma hidrodinâmica muito distinta do rio original, postula-se que, pelo menos em sua área mais interna ele possa se constituir em uma barreira adicional a esses movimentos, especialmente os descendentes. Assim, esse trabalho busca avaliar se peixes migradores e sua prole dispersam para os trechos abaixo da barragem após a transporem e desovar nos trechos altos da bacia. Com esse propósito, foi avaliado o grau de restrição oferecido pelas áreas lênticas de reservatórios aos deslocamentos descendentes de ovos, larvas e adultos de espécies migradoras, identificada a abundância e composição das larvas presentes no plâncton das imediações da barragem e comparada a intensidade dos movimentos ascendentes e descendentes de peixes. Foram realizadas amostragens de ictioplâncton a montante, no reservatório e em seu trecho a jusante, bem como nas imediações da barragem de Lajeado (rio Tocantins; UHE Luis Eduardo Magalhães) durante o período de outubro de 1999 a setembro de 2004 e determinado, experimentalmente, em oito ocasiões durante o período de junho de 2004 e março de 2005, a densidade de peixes em movimentos ascendentes e descendentes na escada de peixes desse reservatório. Já a avaliação na distribuição de peixes migradores em reservatórios foi baseada no acompanhamento dos desembarques da pesca comercial praticada ao longo do reservatório de Itaipu durante os quatro anos que precederam a construção do mecanismo de transposição atualmente existente (2001 a 2003). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os...

Prevalência da infecção pelo HIV em pacientes internados por tuberculose / Prevalence of HIV infection in patients hospitalized due to tuberculosis

Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência da co-infecção tuberculose (TBC)/HIV e a capacidade da anamnese em detectar a infecção pelo HIV em pacientes internados por TBC. Local: Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Belo Horizonte, MG, referência para TBC e SIDA. Material e métodos: Todos os pacientes internados com TBC na enfermaria de pneumologia foram avaliados prospectivamente no período de 1/1/1997 até 31/1/1998, com anamnese dirigida para fatores de risco para SIDA, TBC, tratamentos anteriores e abandonos de tratamento para TBC, e verificadas as formas clínicas de TBC. Foram excluídos pacientes com doenças marcadoras de SIDA com exceção da TBC, ou com sorologia anti-HIV realizada anteriormente. Foram realizadas sorologias anti-HIV (ELISA) e, quando positivas, confirmadas pelo teste Western-Blot. Os testes do qui-quadrado e de Fisher foram usados para análise estatística. Resultados: Sessenta e cinco pacientes avaliados foram divididos em grupo I (sorologia positiva para HIV, n = 6) e grupo II (sorologia negativa para HIV, n = 59). Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quanto a fatores de risco para SIDA, TBC, abandonos de tratamento ou tratamentos anteriores para TBC ou formas clínicas de TBC. Conclusões: Devido à alta prevalência da infecção pelo HIV (9,2 por cento) no grupo estudado, estes achados reforçam as orientações do Consenso Brasileiro de Tuberculose no sentido de: 1) a anamnese não consegue detectar uma parcela significativa dos pacientes com co-infecção TBC/HIV; e: 2) a solicitação de sorologia anti-HIV deve ser feita de forma rotineira em todos os pacientes com TBC ativa.