Preventive effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LMT18-32 on Porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a severe gum infection leading to chronic inflammation in the gums, damage of tissues around teeth, and destruction of alveolar bones. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major causative pathogen that induces periodontitis. Numerous probiotic bacteria are reported to produce antibacterial substances against pathogens especially oral pathogens, and these are proposed as preventive measures for periodontitis. In this study, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LMT18-32 was evaluated and its antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, and antioxidant activity in vitro were established. In addition, when L. paracasei LMT18-32 was administered to periodontitis induced mice, it successfully alleviated the alveolar bone loss and suppressed induced expression of proinflammatory and tissue destruction related genes in the gingival tissue. In conclusion, L. paracasei LMT18-32 is proposed as a potential probiotics to prevent periodontitis.

Comparative genome-wide analysis of novel Streptomyces isolates RC1831 and RC1832: deciphering the role of functional carbohydrate (CAZy) active genes including chitinase for production of chitosan.

This work compares two bacterial isolates Streptomyces barkulensis RC1831 and Streptomyces chitinovorans RC1832 isolated from Chilika Lake sediments in Odisha, India, using whole-genome sequence analysis. According to the results of the genome analysis, the RC1831 genome has a chromosome with 6,383,258 bp (72.9% GC) and 6145 coding sequences and 66 RNA, while the RC1832 genome has a chromosome with 6,055,792 bp (73.1% GC) and 5824 coding sequences and 63 RNA. Further analysis of the carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) revealed that RC1831 contains 78 glycoside hydrolase family genes, whereas RC1832 includes 50 glycoside hydrolases that have the potential to regulate the chitin-degrading enzymes. KAAS (KEGG Automatic Annotation Server) and AntiSMASH online tool V3.0.5 were used to identify a biosynthetic gene cluster in the isolated strain's genome. The detailed comparative analysis of the genes between the strains will help to gain better insight of chitin and other carbohydrate polymer degradation and secondary metabolite production in both the strains as well as the evolutionary relationship and possibilities of industrial application of these strains. Chitosan production might be explained by genes for the chitin breakdown pathway found in the genome sequence, but genes for later-stage conversion were not found. One significant biomolecule with a wide range of industrial uses is chitosan. Therefore, using these microbes to produce chitosan offers a viable waste disposal solution. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03936-5.

[«Our whole family does not get out of the common cold¼: an ear, throat and nose disease in the conditions of S.P. Botkin]. / «Vse nashe semeistvo ne vykhodit iz nasmorka¼: zabolevaniya ukha, gorla i nosa v okruzhenii S.P. Botkina.

The article presents an epistolary insight into the history of otorhinolaringology in Russia. It shows pathology of ear, nose and throat, which S.P. Botkin faced: cases of diseases of empress Maria Aleksandrovna, grand duke Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, poet N.A. Nekrasov, publisher A.A. Kraevsky, Sergey Petrovich himself, his relatives and loved ones. The biographical singularity of the famous doctor's patients is noted. On the materials of family letters of 1855-1889 yrs., service diaries of 1872-1889 yrs. and S.P. Botkin's clinical lectures it is shown how daily cases and casuistry of otorhinolaryngology pathology formed scientific innovative ideas.

The Sun Also Rises: Tracing the evolution of humanistic values in anatomy pedagogy and research, including cadaveric acquisition practices.

Anatomy has always been at the intersection of the socio-cultural and political landscape, where new ideas constantly replace older wisdom. From ancient Egyptians through the Greeks, and then the Romans, finally culminating into the European Renaissance-all the significant eras of human civilisation have left their insignia and distinct marks on the evolution of anatomical practices. Despite its utility as a tool for anatomy pedagogy and research that has proven its worth over millennia, cadaveric dissection has particularly been subject to political and social vicissitudes. A major debate about anatomical dissection lay with the ethical considerations, or its lack thereof, while acquiring corpses for demonstration in the dissection halls. From antiquity, anatomical dissection-often synonymous with medical studies-had typically been carried out on the dead bodies of executed criminals with certain laws, such as the Murder Act of 1752, facilitating such uses. Gradually, the uses of unclaimed bodies, resourced primarily from the impoverished sections of society, were also introduced. However, these body acquisition protocols often missed the crucial element of humanism and ethical considerations, while knowledge augmentation was taken as sufficient reasoning. Unfortunately, a gross disregard towards humanistic values promulgated heinous and illegal practices in acquiring corpses, including grave robbery and even murders like in the case of Burke and Hare murders of 1828. Follow-up legislation, such as the Anatomy Act of 1832, and comparable laws in other European nations were passed to curb the vile. What distils from such a historical discourse on humane values in anatomy dissection, or medical science in general, is that the growth and integration of humanism in anatomy have never been linear, but there were intermittent and, yet, significant disruptions in its timeline. For example, there were serious human rights violations in anatomical practices during the Third Reich in Germany that perpetrated the holocaust. The medical community has kept evolving and introducing new moral values and principles while using such egregious events as lessons, ultimately resulting in the Declaration of Helsinki in 1964. This article revisits the heterogeneous journey of integrating humanistic values in anatomy practice. Such humanistic traits that, like medical science, have also developed over centuries through the inputs of physicians, researchers, and philosophers-from Greece to modernity with an important stopgap at the Renaissance-are a fascinating lore that deserves to be re-envisioned through the lens of contemporary values and ethos. In parallel to human medicine, humanistic values continue to influence veterinary medicine, a welcome development, as our society condemns animal cruelty in any form. There are lessons to be learned from this historical journey of how humanism shaped many of the concepts that anatomists use now. Finally, and most importantly, it might prevent the medical community from repeating the same mistakes by cautioning against the traps that are there, and in a convoluted world where morality as such is eroding from our social fabric, will always be there. Such historical account acts as a righteous, ethical, and contextual compass to guide the existing and upcoming anatomists in discerning between light and dark, right and wrong, and roads-to be or not to be-taken.

Dracula as Cholera: The Influences of Sligo's Cholera Epidemic of 1832 on Bram Stoker's Novel Dracula (1897).

The paper argues that historic events in the western Irish town of Sligo were more substantial in shaping Bram Stoker's novel Dracula (1897) than previously thought. Biographers of Stoker have credited his mother, Charlotte Thornley Stoker, for influencing her son's gothic imagination during his childhood by sharing tales of the Sligo cholera epidemic she had witnessed in 1832. While Charlotte Stoker's written account of Sligo's epidemic Experiences of the Cholera in Ireland (1873) influenced Bram Stoker, it is argued that as a voracious library researcher he is likely to have cross-referenced it with other historical accounts. Furthermore, by viewing the text of Dracula through the lens of Charlotte Stoker's account and the historical reportage of the epidemic, clear parallels emerge. Ultimately, the striking similarities between Sligo's cholera are marshaled to argue that Count Dracula may be read as the personification of Sligo's cholera.

Atypical Bacilliredoxin AbxC Plays a Role in Responding to Oxidative Stress in Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans.

Deinococcus radiodurans is a robust bacterium with extraordinary resistance to ionizing radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). D. radiodurans produces an antioxidant thiol compound called bacillithiol (BSH), but BSH-related enzymes have not been investigated. The D. radiodurans mutant lacking bshA (dr_1555), the first gene of the BSH biosynthetic pathway, was devoid of BSH and sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to the wild-type D. radiodurans strain. Three bacilliredoxin (Brx) proteins, BrxA, B, and C, have been identified in BSH-producing bacteria, such as Bacillus. D. radiodurans possesses DR_1832, a putative homolog of BrxC. However, because DR_1832 contains a novel signature motif (TCHKT) and a C-terminal region similar to the colicin-like immunity domain, we named it AbxC (atypical BrxC). The deletion of abxC also sensitized cells to H2O2. AbxC exhibited peroxidase activity in vitro, which was linked to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidation via the BSH disulfide reductase DR_2623 (DrBdr). AbxC proteins were present mainly as dimers after exposure to H2O2 in vitro, and the oxidized dimers were resolved to monomers by the reaction coupled with BSH as an electron donor, in which DrBdr transported reducing equivalents from NADPH to AbxC through BSH recycling. We identified 25 D. radiodurans proteins that potentially interact with AbxC using AbxC-affinity chromatography. Most of them are associated with cellular metabolisms, such as glycolysis and amino acid biosynthesis, and stress response. Interestingly, AbxC could bind to the proposed peroxide-sensing transcription regulator, DrOxyR. These results suggest that AbxC may be involved in the H2O2 signaling mechanism mediated by DrOxyR.

Ribosome 18S m6A Methyltransferase METTL5 Promotes Translation Initiation and Breast Cancer Cell Growth.

N6 methylation at adenosine 1832 (m6A1832) of mammalian 18S rRNA, occupying a critical position within the decoding center, is modified by a conserved methyltransferase, METTL5. Here, we find that METTL5 shows strong substrate preference toward the 18S A1832 motif but not the other reported m6A motifs. Comparison with a yeast ribosome structural model unmodified at this site indicates that the modification may facilitate mRNA binding by inducing conformation changes in the mammalian ribosomal decoding center. METTL5 promotes p70-S6K activation and proper translation initiation, and the loss of METTL5 significantly reduces the abundance of polysome. METTL5 expression is elevated in breast cancer patient samples and is required for growth of several breast cancer cell lines. We further find that Caenorhabditis elegans lacking the homolog metl-5 develop phenotypes known to be associated with impaired translation. Altogether, our findings uncover critical and conserved roles of METTL5 in the regulation of translation.

Negotiating boundaries: Encyclopédie, romanticism, and the construction of science / Negociando fronteiras: Encyclopédie, romantismo e a construção da ciência

Abstract Natural history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been widely debated in the field of the social sciences. This paper explores the social negotiation of boundaries in the Encyclopédie and romantic science. Highlighting the importance of imagination and aesthetics to the scientific realms, we perceive a different comprehension of the scientific field through the empirical study of how scientific demarcation is constructed. Works by Erasmus Darwin, Goethe, and Humboldt illustrate how reliable science was performed through atypical scientific methods. After pointing out the links between literary, artistic, and scientific works, we then debate a series of changes that framed the scientific imagery of romantic and encyclopaedic sciences.

Resumo A história natural nos séculos XVIII e XIX tem sido amplamente debatida no campo das ciências sociais. Este artigo explora a negociação social de fronteiras na Encyclopédie e na ciência romântica. Destacando a importância da imaginação e da estética para os domínios científicos, percebemos uma compreensão diferente do campo científico por meio do estudo empírico de como a demarcação científica é construída. Obras de Erasmus Darwin, Goethe e Humboldt ilustram como o conceito de ciência confiável foi elaborado por meio de métodos científicos atípicos. Depois de apontar os vínculos entre obras literárias, artísticas e científicas, discutimos uma série de mudanças que moldaram o imaginário científico das ciências romântica e enciclopédica.

Work and health care in Milan, 1864-1874. / Lavoro e assistenza sanitaria a Milano, 1864-1874.

In 1864 in Milan, Giovanni Rosmini (1832-1896) opened an ophthalmic dispensary for workers. In 1874 this dispensary was transformed into the first ophthalmic hospital of the city. This hospital still exists today. The authors analyze a document that belonged to the lawyer Enrico Rosmini (1828-1898), brother of Giovanni, which helps to piece together the early years of the dispensary, where about 4,000 surgeries were carried out in the first four years of activity. This historical document is valuable as it sheds light on one of the first healthcare institution for workers in Milan.

Climatic Drivers for Multi-Decadal Shifts in Solute Transport and Methane Production Zones within a Large Peat Basin.

Northern peatlands are an important source for greenhouse gases but their capacity to produce methane remains uncertain under changing climatic conditions. We therefore analyzed a 43-year time series of pore-water chemistry to determine if long-term shifts in precipitation altered the vertical transport of solutes within a large peat basin in northern Minnesota. These data suggest that rates of methane production can be finely tuned to multi-decadal shifts in precipitation that drive the vertical penetration of labile carbon substrates within the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands. Tritium and cation profiles demonstrate that only the upper meter of these peat deposits was flushed by downwardly moving recharge from 1965 through 1983 during a Transitional Dry-to-Moist Period. However, a shift to a moister climate after 1984 drove surface waters much deeper, largely flushing the pore waters of all bogs and fens to depths of 2 m. Labile carbon compounds were transported downward from the rhizosphere to the basal peat at this time producing a substantial enrichment of methane in Δ14C with respect to the solid-phase peat from 1991 to 2008. These data indicate that labile carbon substrates can fuel deep production zones of methanogenesis that more than doubled in thickness across this large peat basin after 1984. Moreover, the entire peat profile apparently has the capacity to produce methane from labile carbon substrates depending on climate-driven modes of solute transport. Future changes in precipitation may therefore play a central role in determining the source strength of peatlands in the global methane cycle.

La tabla de supervivencia, posibilidad de vida y de más vida A propósito de la reforma social inglesa de 1832 / Table of survival, possibility of life and more life With regard to the english social reform of 1832

La garantía de la salud en el orden político inglés decimonónico en el cual la duración media de la vida estaba determinada por la situación del individuo en la estructura de clases, no era posible ante un estado carente de organismos sanitarios de administración y control de la salubridad pública, además del influjo arrollador del sector económico egoísta, individualista y privatizador, y por la ausencia de ciudadanía activa que propiciara la agencia de espacios de acción colectiva y de acción política. Fue necesario el advenimiento de artefactos matemáticos como la tabla de supervivencia, para convencer al cuerpo social y político liberal de la época de la posibilidad de cada vez más y mejor vida, e iniciar la larga marcha de la participación política democrática hacia el estatus de ciudadano. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 326-330).

The guarantee of health in the nineteenth-century English political order in which the average length of life was determined by the status of the individual in the class structure, was not possible in front of a state devoid of health management organizations an health public control, in addition to the overwhelming influence of a selfish, individualist and privatizing economic sector, and the absence of active citizenship which could foster the management of collective and political action spaces. The advent of mathematical artifacts such as table survival was necessary to convince the liberal social and political body of the epoch of the possibility of getting more and better life, and begin the long march of democratic political participation towards the status of citizens. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 326-330).

Los taxones como tipos: Buffon, Cuvier y Lamarck / Taxa as types: Buffon, Cuvier and Lamarck

Darwinianamente, los grupos taxonómicos son entendidos como entidades históricas que surgen en un momento de la evolución y que siempre pueden desaparecer. Pero esos grupos también fueron entendidos por muchos naturalistas como clases naturales; es decir, como tipos permanentes, a-históricos. Es mi interés señalar algunas de las formas que ese pensamiento tipológico de hecho ha tomado, subrayando que la adopción de esa perspectiva tipológica, además de no responder a compromisos teológicos, tampoco tiene porqué obedecer a la adopción de una ontología que pueda estar en conflicto con la ciencia natural. Analizaré así el modo en el que Buffon entendió las especies y el modo en los que Cuvier y Lamarck entendieron los órdenes taxonómicos superiores.

From a Darwinian point of view, taxonomic groups are understood as historical entities that arise at an evolutionary moment and that can always disappear. But these groups were also understood by many naturalists as natural kinds; in other words, as permanent, ahistorical types. I will explore some of the forms that this typological thought took, showing that this typological perspective neither depends on theological beliefs, nor obeys the adoption of an ontology that might contradict natural science. Thus I shall analyze Buffon's understanding of species and the ways in which Cuvier and Lamarck understood the higher taxonomic orders.