Cytotoxic Effect of Phoenix dactylifera (Iraqi Date) Leaves and Fruits Extracts against Breast Cancers Cell Lines.

OBJECTIVE: Now a day's cancerous diseases are the most prevalent life threatening that spreading because of the lifestyle. Its due to uncontrolled growth of cell which can be cured if diagnosed in early stage. Treatment of cancer depends on the various internal and external factors causing cancer. The main objective of this study is using herbal based medicine to manage breast cancer, the second most common type of cancer in the world. METHODS: In this study, the anticancer effect of two Iraqi date palm part extracts (leaves and fruits) against panel of breast cancer cell lines (AMJ13و MCF7, MDA-MB-231, CAL51) in vitro to evaluate their possible antitumor effect and their safety on normal cell line (MEF). RESULTS: The Phoenix dactylifera (dray Zahdi) fresh leave extract showed highly cytotoxic effects in all breast cancer cell lines. The leaves extract was showed concentration dependent cytotoxicity effects after 72 h exposure time. Leave extracts was effective against AMJ13 cell line. The effective concentrations in both cancer cells ranged from 2500-20000 µg/ ml with inhibition percentage against AMJ13 was (66.7, 70.6, 53, and 54%). While the effect against MCF7, MDA-MB, and CAL51 cell lines were less with significant effect only at two concentrations (10000- 20000 µg/ ml) causing 64.3, and 64.3% growth inhibition respectively in MCF7, and 40, and 50% respectively in MDA-MB, and 44.0, and 52.0% respectively in CAL51. The dray date fruit extract has no significant cytotoxicity against all the cancer cells. Both extracts have no effect against normal fibroblast cells. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Phoenix dactylifera fresh leave extract shows promising anticancer properties while the fruit extract has no direct anticancer effect.

Purification of a chemotherapeutic agent, L-Arginase, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from soil.

INTRODUCTION: L. arginase refers to the enzyme arginase found in the genus Lactobacillus, it plays a crucial role in the urea cycle, and has implications in various biological applications. This study aimed to purify arginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from soil, and apply it as an anticancer. METHODOLOGY: 28 soil samples of P. aeruginosa were collected from different places of Baghdad, and rice lands in Najaf and Diwaniyah governorates. Different standard laboratory and biochemical assays, and Vitik system were used in diagnosis and growth of arginase enzyme under certain pH, temperature, incubation period. RESULTS: The purified enzyme was precipitated by ammonium sulfite (60-80%), dialyses bag 8000-1000KD, ion exchange by DEAE cellulose and sephadex G100 in gel filtration. Cytotoxicity of arginase against breast t cancer AJM-13 and rat embryo fibroblast REF normal cell line was evaluated for (48 and 72 hours). The inhibition rate increased in the low concentration of abnormal cell (AMJ-13) while decreased in the normal cell (REF), this study takes different concentration (0.392-12.5mg/mL), and low concentration (1562-0.048 mg/mL), the result in high concentration was IR 54.7% during 72 hours for AJM-13 and 14.3% for REF in the same time, while the low concentration was IR 91% in the 1562 mg/mL in the AMJ-13, and 51% in ERF, LD50 of arginase enzyme was 0.781 mg/mL that 41% during 72 hours for ERF, its save to normal cells. CONCLUSIONS: Arginase enzyme, at low concentrations, may have an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, and simultaneously, protect normal cell lines.

Anticancer activity of retinoic acid against breast cancer cells derived from an Iraqi patient.

Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most lethal diseases in women, both worldwide and in Iraq. The high mortality rate is attributed primarily to the chemoresistance to conventional therapeutics. The search for effective and safe treatments is critical. One promising agent that has shown activity against various cancer types is retinoic acid (RA). Methods: RA was tested against a panel of international breast cancer cell lines and compared with Iraqi patient-derived hormone-independent breast cancer cells through MTT viability assays. Cytopathology was assessed under an inverted microscope, and apoptotic induction was evaluated with acridine orange propidium iodide assays. Results: AMJ13 breast cancer cells were more sensitive to killing induced by RA than MCF-7 and CAL-51 cells. By contrast, normal HBL-100 cells showed a negligible effect. Cytological changes were observed in all cancer cells treated with RA, whereas no changes were observed in normal HBL-100 cells. Iraqi patient-derived breast cancer cells showed a higher percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis after RA treatment than the other breast cancer cells. Conclusion: We suggest RA as a possible breast cancer treatment with potential for clinical application with high safety.

Attenuated measles vaccine strain have potent oncolytic activity against Iraqi patient derived breast cancer cell line.

BACKGROUND: One of the world's leading causes of death among females is breast cancer. Oncolytic viruses are promising anticancer therapy that can overcome resistance to current conventional therapies. Measles virus replicates in and destroys malignant cells without affecting healthy cells. The study aimed to evaluate the lives attenuated Measles virus vaccine against Iraqi patient derived breast cancer cells that have functional BRCA1/BRCA2 genes and compare its activity against international breast cancer MCF-7 and CAL-51 cell lines. METHODS: The virus was propagated in VERO-hSLAM slam cells. The MTT cytotoxicity assay used to test the virus's ability to kill three human breast cell lines (AMJ13), (MCF-7), and (CAL-51). The cytopathic effect of the measles virus was determined using an H&E stain. Immunocytochemistry assay using specific anti H protein monoclonal antibody for measles virus in the virally infected cells. Finally, apoptosis induction in the infected cells tested using double staining of acridine orange/propidium iodide. RESULTS: The result shown that breast cancer cells are effectively infected and destroyed by live attenuated measles virus vaccine, and it caused a significant cytopathic effect in the infected cell lines after 48-72 h of infection with remarkable effect on AMJ13 cells (IC50 was 3.527 for AMJ13, when it was 5.079 and 9.171 for MCF-7 and CAL-51 respectively). Measles virus treatment induces apoptosis significantly in breast cancer cell lines compared with control cells. CONCLUSION: MeV vaccine is useful and safe as anticancer therapy with a notable impact on the local Iraqi breast cancer AMJ13 cells.

Biosynthesis, characterization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and evaluations of the cytotoxicity and DNA damage of human breast carcinoma cell lines.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized using Albizia adianthifolia leaf extract as reducing and protecting agent. Colour changing, UV-Vis spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the biosynthesis and characterization of MNPs. The XRD pattern revealed that MNPs are crystalline in nature. FT-IR spectral analysis showed that MNPs was capped with plant constituents. From SEM analysis, the MNPs were generally found to be spherical in shape and the size was ranged 32-100 nm. Free radical scavenging potentials of the MNPs against DPPH were confirmed based on its stable anti-oxidant effects. The synthesized MNPs were used to capture Staphylococcus aureus under the magnetic field effect. Further, it was observed that the MNPs are able to exert cytotoxic effect towards human breast (AMJ-13) and (MCF-7) cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of this treatment is due to cell death and inducing apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential, acridine orange-propidium iodide staining assays as well as single cell and DNA gel electrophoresis analyses indicated that MNPs induce cell death only by apoptosis. The findings of present study suggest that the MNPs might be used for medicinal applications particularly for cancer therapeutics.