RESUMO
La sección de Vía Aérea de la Sociedad Española De Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR), la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) y la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SEORL-CCC) presentan la Guía para el manejo integral de la vía aérea difícil en el paciente adulto. Sus principios están focalizados en el factor humano, los procesos cognitivos para la toma de decisiones en situaciones críticas y la optimización en la progresión de la aplicación de estrategias para preservar una adecuada oxigenación alveolar con el objeto de mejorar la seguridad y la calidad asistencial. El documento proporciona recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica actual, herramientas teórico/educativas y herramientas de implementación, fundamentalmente ayudas cognitivas, aplicables al tratamiento de la vía aérea en el campo de la anestesiología, cuidados críticos, urgencias y medicina prehospitalaria. Para ello se realizó una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica según las directrices PRISMA-R y se analizó utilizando la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones se formularon de acuerdo con esta metodología. Las recomendaciones de aquellas secciones con evidencia de baja calidad se basaron en la opinión de expertos mediante consenso alcanzado a través de un cuestionario Delphi.(AU)
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factor, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/métodos , Manejo da Dor , Traqueostomia , Máscaras Laríngeas , Intubação Intratraqueal , Espanha , Anestesia Geral , Sedação Consciente , AnestesiologiaRESUMO
La sección de Vía Aérea de la Sociedad Española De Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR), la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) y la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SEORL-CCC) presentan la Guía para el manejo integral de la vía aérea difícil en el paciente adulto. Sus principios están focalizados en el factor humano, los procesos cognitivos para la toma de decisiones en situaciones críticas y la optimización en la progresión de la aplicación de estrategias para preservar una adecuada oxigenación alveolar con el objeto de mejorar la seguridad y la calidad asistencial. El documento proporciona recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica actual, herramientas teórico/educativas y herramientas de implementación, fundamentalmente ayudas cognitivas, aplicables al tratamiento de la vía aérea en el campo de la anestesiología, cuidados críticos, urgencias y medicina prehospitalaria. Para ello se realizó una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica según las directrices PRISMA-R y se analizó utilizando la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones se formularon de acuerdo con esta metodología. Las recomendaciones de aquellas secciones con evidencia de baja calidad se basaron en la opinión de expertos mediante consenso alcanzado a través de un cuestionario Delphi.(AU)
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factor, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/métodos , Manejo da Dor , Traqueostomia , Máscaras Laríngeas , Intubação Intratraqueal , Espanha , Anestesia Geral , Sedação Consciente , AnestesiologiaRESUMO
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factor, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.
RESUMO
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factor, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.
RESUMO
La restauración de la circulación cerebral en la zona de isquemia es la tarea más crítica dentro del tratamiento para reducir la lesión neuronal irreversible en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico. La recanalización de la circulación cerebral en los pacientes seleccionados se ha vuelto indispensable para mejorar los resultados clínicos y ha dado lugar a las técnicas de revascularización generalizadas. No existe una respuesta clara sobre qué modalidad anestésica utilizar en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo sometidos a procedimientos neuroendovasculares. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática es realizar un análisis cualitativo de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis (RS y MA) que comparen métodos de anestesia general y otros tipos de anestesia para intervenciones endovasculares cerebrales en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. Desarrollamos un protocolo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión para publicaciones coincidentes y realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed y Google Scholar. La búsqueda bibliográfica arrojó 52 publicaciones potenciales. En esta revisión se incluyeron y analizaron diez RS y MA relevantes. La decisión sobre qué método de anestesia utilizar para los procedimientos endovasculares en el manejo de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo debe tomarse en función de las características personales del paciente, fenotipos fisiopatológicos, características clínicas y la experiencia institucional.(AU)
Restoration of cerebral circulation in the ischemic area is the most critical treatment task for reducing irreversible neuronal injury in ischemic stroke patients. The recanalización of appropriately selected patients became indispensable for improving clinical outcomes and resulted in the widespread revascularization techniques. There is no clear answer as to which anesthetic modality to use in ischemic stroke patients undergoing neuro-endovascular procedures. The purpose of this systematic review is to conduct a qualitative analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (RSs & MAs) comparing general anesthesia and non-general anesthesia methods for cerebral endovascular interventions in acute ischemic stroke patients. We developed a protocol with the inclusion and exclusion criteria for matched publications and conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar. The literature search yielded 52 potential publications. Ten relevant RSs & MAs were included and analyzed in this review. The decision about which anesthesia method to use for endovascular procedures in managing acute ischemic stroke patients should be made based on the patient's personal characteristics, pathophysiological phenotypes, clinical characteristics, and institutional experience.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Anestesia/métodos , Anestesia Geral , Sedação Consciente , Anestesiologia , Guias como AssuntoRESUMO
Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia, and multiple strategies have been suggested to prevent them. Objective: To describe the available evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for preventing PONV in adults undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, as reported in previous meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Methodology: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, EBSCO, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Science Direct, and Scopus, without restrictions as to gender, clinical condition, or date of publication, including articles in Spanish, French, and English only. Two reviewers independently and in duplicate did the screening, data extraction, quality evaluation, and risk of bias assessment according to AMSTAR-2. The PRISMA and PRIOR statements were followed for reporting. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021251999. Results: Out of 80 candidate articles, three were viable for meta-analysis. 1.5 mg to 18 mg doses of Dexamethasone showed a significant reduction in the risk of PONV, with a RR of 0.48 (95 % CI 0.41-0.57; p<0.001), I2=63 % (p=0.07), and a NNTc of 5 and 7. Other effective strategies included the use of acoustic stimulation/acupuncture/acupressure, 5HT3 antagonists, NK1 antagonists, gabapentinoids, haloperidol, droperidol, metoclopramide, midazolam, mirtazapine, among others. The risk of publication bias was low. Conclusion: Different strategies are effective for PONV prophylaxis in surgeries under general anesthesia. Dexamethasone shows the best available evidence at the moment. The documented methodological quality suggests the need for better studies to establish the effectiveness of the strategies.
Introducción: Las náuseas y el vómito posoperatorios (NVPO) son comunes en pacientes quirúrgicos bajo anestesia general y se han planteado múltiples estrategias para prevenirlos. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia disponible sobre la efectividad de las estrategias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas para prevenir las NVPO en adultos sometidos a cirugía bajo anestesia general, según lo descrito en metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas previas. Metodología: Se realizó una metarrevisión de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Se ejecutaron búsquedas en PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Cochrane Database, ScienceDirect y Scopus, sin restricción por sexo, condición clínica ni fecha de publicación, solo de artículos en español, francés e inglés. Dos revisores llevaron a cabo tamizaje, extracción de datos, evaluación de calidad y riesgo de sesgo según AMSTAR-2, de manera independiente y en duplicado. Se siguieron las declaraciones PRISMA y PRIOR para el reporte, previo registro en Prospero CRD42021251999. Resultados: De 80 artículos candidatos, se seleccionaron tres viables para realización de metaanálisis. La dexametasona entre 1,5 mg y 18 mg mostró un RR=0,48 (IC95 % [0,41-0,57]; p<0,001), I2=63 % (p=0,07) y un NNTc 5 y 7. Otras estrategias efectivas incluyen el uso de acuestimulación/acupuntura/acupresión, antagonistas 5HT3, antagonistas NK1, gabapentinoides, haloperidol, droperidol, metoclopramida, midazolam, mirtazapina, entre otras. El riesgo de sesgo de las publicaciones fue bajo. Conclusión: Diferentes estrategias son efectivas para profilaxis NVPO en cirugías con anestesia general. Dexametasona presenta la mejor evidencia disponible al momento. La calidad metodológica documentada sugiere la necesidad de realizar mejores trabajos para determinar la efectividad de las estrategias.
RESUMO
Background: Comprehensive health care includes the evaluation of satisfaction in patient care and the quality of medical services. High-precision instruments have been used to assess the quality of recovery after anesthesia (QoR), such as the QoR-15 questionnaire, a validated and accurate assessment tool that considers aspects of emotionality, physical and psychological well-being, pain, and autonomy. Objective: To assess QoR in postoperative patients who underwent anesthesia. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out from March to August 2022. 80 patients from 18 to 70 years who underwent an anesthetic procedure and to which the anesthetic quality QoR-15 questionnaire was administered 24 hours after surgery were included. Descriptive statistics were performed according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. For quantitative variables it was used Mann-Whitney U, and for qualitative variables chi-squared; it was considered significant a value of p < 0.05. Results: The 80 patients obtained a QoR-15 score of 122.06 (52-147), and their QoR was considered good. Anesthetic recovery quality in patients undergoing regional anesthetic techniques was excellent in 42.5% and 10% had balanced general anesthesia, p = 0.011. Conclusions: QoR was higher with regional anesthetic techniques. Quality assessment through validated tools allows objective evaluation and monitoring of the care process in medical services.
Introducción: la atención sanitaria integral incluye la satisfacción en la atención del paciente y la calidad de servicios médicos. Se han empleado instrumentos con alta precisión para evaluar la calidad de recuperación anestésica (CRA), como el cuestionario validado QoR-15, el cual considera aspectos sobre emocionalidad, bienestar físico y psicológico, dolor y autonomía física. Objetivo: evaluar la CRA en pacientes postoperados sometidos a anestesia. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado de marzo a agosto de 2022. Se incluyeron 80 pacientes de 18 a 70 años sometidos a procedimiento anestésico y a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario de calidad anestésica QoR-15 a las 24 horas de postoperados. Se empleó estadística descriptiva de acuerdo con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Las variables cuantitativas se analizaron con U de Mann-Whitney y las cualitativas con chi cuadrada; se consideró significativo un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: los 80 pacientes obtuvieron 122.06 (52-147) puntos en el cuestionario QoR-15 y su CRA se consideró como buena; en los pacientes sometidos a técnicas anestésicas regionales la CRA fue excelente en 42.5% y 10% tuvieron anestesia general balanceada, p = 0.011. Conclusión: la CRA fue mayor con las técnicas anestésicas regionales. La evaluación de la calidad mediante herramientas validadas permite su evaluación objetiva y hacer seguimiento del proceso de atención en los servicios médicos.
Assuntos
Anestesia , Anestésicos , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Restoration of cerebral circulation in the ischemic area is the most critical treatment task for reducing irreversible neuronal injury in ischemic stroke patients. The recanalización of appropriately selected patients became indispensable for improving clinical outcomes and resulted in the widespread revascularization techniques. There is no clear answer as to which anesthetic modality to use in ischemic stroke patients undergoing neuro-endovascular procedures. The purpose of this systematic review is to conduct a qualitative analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (RSs & MAs) comparing general anesthesia and non-general anesthesia methods for cerebral endovascular interventions in acute ischemic stroke patients. We developed a protocol with the inclusion and exclusion criteria for matched publications and conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar. The literature search yielded 52 potential publications. Ten relevant RSs & MAs were included and analysed in this review. The decision about which anesthesia method to use for endovascular procedures in managing acute ischemic stroke patients should be made based on the patient's personal characteristics, pathophysiological phenotypes, clinical characteristics, and institutional experience.
Assuntos
Anestésicos , Isquemia Encefálica , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Isquemia Encefálica/cirurgia , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Metanálise como AssuntoRESUMO
Se describe el caso clínico de un adulto joven de 30 años de edad, con antecedente de buena salud, quien fue asistido en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech en Camagüey por presentar aumento de volumen en la región abdominal de dos meses de evolución, concomitante con astenia, anorexia, vómitos y pérdida de peso. En el examen físico resultaron notables el abdomen globuloso (bazo palpable) sin dolor, un hematoma periumbilical y múltiples adenopatías supraclaviculares; en tanto, en los estudios imagenológicos se evidenció la presencia de esplenomegalia. Se realizó esplenectomía con administración de anestesia general endotraqueal y en el estudio histopatológico de la muestra resecada se confirmó el diagnóstico de linfoma primario del bazo.
The case report of a 30-year-old young adult with a history of good health is described, who was assisted at the Surgery Service of Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey due to volume increase in the abdominal region with a course of two months, concomitant with asthenia, anorexia, vomits and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a globular abdomen (palpable spleen) with no pain, a periumbilical hematoma, and multiple supraclavicular adenopathies; meanwhile, in the imaging studies splenomegaly was evidenced. Splenectomy was performed with administration of general endotracheal anesthesia and the histopathological study of the resected sample confirmed the diagnosis of primary spleenic lymphoma.
RESUMO
Anestesia, náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios van unidas prácticamente desde que la anestesia general se introdujo en la práctica clínica quirúrgica, y todavía en la actualidad sigue presentando una incidencia inaceptablemente alta. Con el objetivo de evaluarla efectividad de la medicación preanestésica antiemética con ondansetrón en comparación con dexametasona, en la prevención de la aparición de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios, se realizó un estudio prospectivo, cuasiexperimental, con grupo control no equivalente en pacientes operados por cirugía de mínimo acceso en el hospital provincial general "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes″ de Bayamo, entre septiembre 2017 hasta diciembre 2020, distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos de 78 pacientes cada uno: el grupo I tratado con ondansetrón, y el grupo II tratado con dexametasona. Fueron utilizados el test del Xi-cuadrado (X2), y la prueba de diferencias de proporciones, con un valor de p = 0,05; los pacientes entre 40 a 49 años de edad, el sexo femenino, ASA II, sin antecedentes de náuseas y vómitos; y con estratificación de riesgo intermedio de nausea y vómitos, fueron más frecuente en el grupo al que se le administró dexametasona. En el grupo I, el mayor número de pacientes tuvo intensidad leve y un número reducido de pacientes requirieron rescate antiemético con dimenhidrinato. En el grupo II, el mayor número de pacientes reportó intensidad moderada seguida de fuerte, requiriendo rescate antiemético. Se concluyó que la administración de ondansetrón en monoterapia es más efectiva en la prevención de la aparición de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios que la administración de dexametasona.
Postoperative anaesthesia, nausea and vomiting have been linked practically since general anaesthesia was introduced into clinical surgical practice, and still today it continues to have an unacceptably high incidence. With the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of preanesthetic antiemetic medication with ondansetron compared to dexamethasone, in the prevention of the appearance of postoperative nausea and vomiting, a prospective, quasi-experimental study was carried out with a control group not equivalent in patients operated by minimally accessible surgery in the general provincial hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" of Bayamo. between September 2017 to December 2020, randomly distributed into two groups of 78 patients each: group I treated with ondansetron, and group II treated with dexamethasone. The Xi-square test (X2) and the proportions differences test were used, with a value of p = 0.05; patients between 40 and 49 years of age, female, ASA II, with no history of nausea and vomiting; and with intermediate risk stratification of nausea and vomiting, were more frequent in the group administered dexamethasone. In group I, the largest number of patients had mild intensity and a small number of patients required antiemetic rescue with dimenhydrinate. In group II, the largest number of patients reported moderate intensity followed by strong intensity, requiring antiemetic rescue. It was concluded that ondansetron monotherapy is more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting than dexamethasone administration.
Anestesia pós-operatória, náuseas e vômitos têm sido associados praticamente desde que a anestesia geral foi introduzida na prática clínica cirúrgica, e ainda hoje continua a ter uma incidência inaceitavelmente alta. Como objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da medicação antiemética pré-anestésica com ondansetrona comparada à dexametasona na prevenção do aparecimento de náuseas e vômitos pós-operatórios, foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, quase experimental, com um grupo controle não equivalente em pacientes operados por cirurgia minimamente acessível no hospital geral provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo entre setembro de 2017 a dezembro de 2020, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 78 pacientes cada: grupo I tratado com ondansetron e grupo II tratado com dexametasona. Foram utilizados o teste do xi-quadrado (X2) e o teste de diferenças de proporções, com valor de p = 0,05; pacientes entre 40 e 49 anos, sexo feminino, ASA II, sem história de náuseas e vômitos; e com estratificação de risco intermediário para náuseas e vômitos, foram mais frequentes no grupo que recebeu dexametasona. No grupo I, o maior número de pacientes apresentou intensidade leve e um pequeno número de pacientes necessitou de resgate antiemético com dimenidrinato. No grupo II, o maior número de pacientes relatou intensidade moderada seguida de intensidade forte, necessitando de resgate antiemético. Concluiu-se que a monoterapia com ondansetrona é mais efetiva na prevenção de náuseas e vômitos pós-operatórios do que a administração de dexametasona.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze and determine the effect of a combination intervention of early ambulation and dhikr therapy on intestinal peristaltic recovery in post-open cholecystectomy patients. Methods: a pre-experimental design with one group pre and post-test design was used. The samples were 15 post-open cholecystectomy patients which were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using the instrument observation sheet and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Early ambulation used standard operational procedure in the hospital and dhikr therapy was carried out at 2 hours post-operation for 10-15 minutes. Results: there was an effect of early ambulation and dhikr therapy on intestinal peristaltic recovery in post-open cholecystectomy patients with general anesthesia (Z=-3.442; p=0.001). Conclusions: a combination of early ambulation and dhikr therapy can be recommended as interventions to improve intestinal peristaltic in a post-open cholecystectomy patient with general anesthesia.
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar e determinar o efeito de uma intervenção que combinou deambulação precoce e terapia dhikr na recuperação peristáltica intestinal de pacientes que foram sujeitos a colecistectomia aberta. Métodos: um delineamento pré-experimental foi utilizado com um grupo pré e pós-teste. As amostras incluíram 15 pacientes sujeitados a colecistectomia aberta e selecionados por amostragem intencional. Os dados foram coletados por fichas de observação do instrumento e analisados pelo teste de Wilcoxon. A deambulação precoce utilizou o procedimento operacional padrão no hospital e a terapia dhikr foi realizada por 10-15 minutos, duas horas após a operação. Resultados: a deambulação precoce associada a terapia dhikr afetou a recuperação peristáltica intestinal de pacientes que foram sujeitos a colecistectomia aberta com anestesia geral (Z=-3,442; p=0,001). Conclusões: a combinação de deambulação precoce e terapia dhikr pode ser recomendada como uma intervenção para melhorar o movimento peristáltico intestinal de pacientes após colecistectomia aberta com anestesia geral.
RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar y determinar el efecto de una intervención que combinó la deambulación temprana y la terapia dhikr sobre la recuperación peristáltica intestinal de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía abierta. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño preexperimental con un grupo pretest y postest. Las muestras incluyeron 15 pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía abierta y seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Los datos se recopilaron por medio de fichas de observación del instrumento y se analizaron mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon. La deambulación temprana utilizó el procedimiento operativo estándar en el hospital y la terapia dhikr se realizó durante 10 a 15 minutos, dos horas después de la operación. Resultados: la deambulación temprana asociada con la terapia dhikr afectó la recuperación peristáltica intestinal de los pacientes que se sometieron a colecistectomía abierta con anestesia general (Z =-3,442; p=0,001). Conclusiones: la combinación de la deambulación temprana con la terapia dhikr puede recomendarse como una intervención para mejorar el movimiento peristáltico intestinal de los pacientes después de una colecistectomía abierta con anestesia general.
RESUMO
Introducción: Se exponen los resultados de la atención anestesiológica en un Centro de Carácter Provincial, destinado a la cirugía obstétrica de pacientes gestantes tributarias de cesárea y enfermas por la COVID-19. Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados de una etapa de trabajo, bajo situación epidemiológica excepcional y durante la existencia de más de una cepa circulante de SARS-CoV 2. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal, prospectiva; se incluyeron 70 embarazadas diagnosticadas con la COVID-19 y diverso grado de afectación pulmonar y sistémica. Resultados: Se consideraron graves 49 (85,96 %), se empleó la anestesia general orotraqueal en 54 (97,73 %), resultaron fallecidas en el posoperatorio 14 (26,31 %) y en el transoperatorio 1 (1,75 %). Del total arribaron ventiladas a la Unidad Quirúrgica 33 (57,89 %) y 49 (85,96 %) presentaron hipoxemia severa al arribo del quirófano. Se logró extubar al final de la intervención solo a 21 (36,84 %), únicamente se efectuaron tres anestesias regionales. El distrés respiratorio en 39 (68,42 %) casos, el fallo circulatorio en 17 (29,82 %) y la presencia de derrames pericárdicos en 13 (22,80 %) casos, fueron los hallazgos asociados. El tiempo entre diagnóstico y decisión de cesárea en beneficio materno fue de 2 días promedio. Conclusiones: Se mostraron los resultados de una etapa de trabajo, bajo situación epidemiológica excepcional, durante la existencia de más de una cepa circulante de SARS-CoV 2. La mayoría de las pacientes atendidas requirieron ventilación invasiva, la anestesia general fue la técnica a emplear, la disfunción pulmonar asociado a la falla cardiocirculatoria fueron condiciones presentes y determinantes del resultado, el cumplimiento de las medidas de bioseguridad evitó el contagio del personal durante todo el período(AU)
Introduction: The results of anesthesiological care are presented as it was provided in a provincial center for obstetric surgery of pregnant patients candidates for a cesarean section and who were ill with COVID-19. Objective: To show the results of a working stage, under an exceptional epidemiological situation and during the existence of more than one circulating strain of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out. Seventy pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 and varying degrees of pulmonary and systemic involvement were included. Results: Forty-nine (85.96 %) were considered as severe cases, orotracheal general anesthesia was used in 54 (97.73 %), 14 (26.31 %) died postoperatively and one (1.75 %) died during surgery. Of the total, 33 (57.89 %) were ventilated on arrival to the surgical unit and 49 (85.96 %) presented severe hypoxemia on arrival to the operating room. Only 21 (36.84 %) were extubated at the end of the operation and only three regional anesthetic procedures were performed. Respiratory distress in 39 (68.42 %) cases, circulatory failure in 17 (29.82 %) cases and the presence of pericardial effusions in 13 (22.80 %) cases were the associated findings. The time between diagnosis and decision for a cesarean section based on maternal benefit was two days on average. Conclusions: The results of a working stage under an exceptional epidemiological situation and during the existence of more than one circulating strain of SARS-CoV-2 were shown. Most of the attended patients required invasive ventilation. General anesthesia was the technique to be used. Pulmonary dysfunction in association with cardiocirculatory failure were present conditions that determined the results. Compliance with biosafety measures prevented the staff contagion during the entire period(AU)
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
Introducción: El hígado graso agudo del embarazo es una complicación poco frecuente y potencialmente fatal. Objetivo: Describir el manejo anestésico en una gestante portadora de enfermedad del hígado graso agudo. Presentación del caso: Se trata de una gestante de 19 años de edad con antecedentes de hipotiroidismo posquirúrgico, anunciada para procedimiento quirúrgico de urgencia para realizarle cesárea por presentar hígado graso agudo del embarazo. Conclusiones: El hígado graso agudo del embarazo obliga a realizar diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento agresivo. La atención médica interdisciplinaria y el tratamiento de soporte son decisivos en la evolución favorable. La cesárea es el método más seguro de la terminación del embarazo y se debe recomendar para reducir el riesgo de resultados adversos. La administración de anestesia general orotraqueal para la cesárea de urgencia garantiza un abordaje quirúrgico seguro y eficaz.
Introduction: The acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare and potentially fatal complication. Objective: To describe anesthetic management in a pregnant woman who carries acute fatty liver disease. Case report: This is a 19 year-old pregnant woman with a history of postoperative hypothyroidism, announced for emergency surgical procedure to perform cesarean section due to acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Conclusions: The acute fatty liver of pregnancy requires early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. Interdisciplinary medical care and supportive treatment are decisive in the favorable evolution. Caesarean section is the safest method of pregnancy termination and should be recommended to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. The administration of orotracheal general anesthesia for emergency cesarean section ensures a safe and effective surgical approach.
Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción y objetivo: Las lesiones oculares durante cirugía son raras. Las causas comunes incluyen trauma directo, lesión química y exposición corneal. Las molestias oculares se pueden presentar después de la cirugía en ausencia de daño estructural del ojo. En nuestro hospital todos los pacientes sometidos a anestesia general reciben protección con oclusión ocular asociado en la mayoría de los casos con la aplicación de gel oftálmico. En este estudio buscamos analizar la incidencia de molestias oculares con la aplicación de gel oftálmico de carbómero 0,2%. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio tipo cohorte. Se incluyeron los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bajo anestesia general con duración menor a cuatro horas entre febrero y noviembre de 2017. Se excluyeron a los pacientes con patologías oculares previas, los llevados a cirugía oftálmica, facial o de cabeza, y aquellos en los que la oclusión ocular no fue posible. Para el análisis, los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos: oclusión ocular simple (Grupo 1) y oclusión ocular más gel oftálmico de carbómero al 0,2% (Grupo 2). Nuestro desenlace primario fue la incidencia de molestias oculares y el desenlace secundario fue determinar los factores de riesgo. Resultados: Se analizaron 400 pacientes, de los cuales la mitad (50%) recibieron el gel oftálmico de carbómero 0,2%. No se encontraron diferencias en las características demográficas entre grupos. Durante las primeras 24 horas postoperatorias, el 7,25% de los pacientes presentaron síntomas visuales, y a los siete días postoperatorios ningún paciente refirió síntomas. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron visión borrosa, prurito, epífora y ojo rojo. En el análisis multivariado el principal factor de riesgo asociado con la aparición de molestias oculares fue la aplicación de gel oftálmico de carbómero 0,2% (RR 13,5; IC 95% 3,2756,2). Otros factores asociados a molestias oculares fueron cirugía de urgencia y la edad.(AU)
Background and objective: Eye lesions during surgery are rare. Its common causes include direct trauma, chemical damage, and corneal exposure. Eye discomfort may present after surgery in the absence of structural damage. In our hospital, every patient under general anesthesia receives eye protection with eye occlusion associated in most cases with ophthalmic ointment application. We aim to analyze the incidence of eye discomfort with 0.2% carbomer application. Methods: A cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia lasting less than 4hours between February and November 2017 were enrolled. We excluded patients with previous ophthalmologic pathology, those undergoing eye, otolaryngology, face or head surgery, and patients in which eye occlusion was not possible. For analysis, patients were divided into two groups: simple eyelid occlusion (Group 1) and eyelid occlusion plus ophthalmic ointment (Group 2). Primary outcome was the incidence of eye discomfort and secondary outcomes were to stablish associated risk factors. Results: 400 patients were analyzed, 50% were exposed to 0.2% carbomer. There was no difference in patients demographics. During the first 24hours post-surgery 7.25% of patients showed visual symptoms, and at one-week postoperative no patient referred symptoms. Most frequent symptoms were blurry vision, pruritus, epiphora and red-eye. On multivariate analysis, the main risk factor associated with eye discomfort was 0.2% carbomer application (RR 13.5 CI 3.27 56.2). Emergent surgery and age were also found to be risk factors. Conclusion: 0.2% carbomer does not prevent ophthalmologic symptoms after surgery and it may even increase them in short procedures.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pomadas , Pacientes , Anestesia Geral , Traumatismos Oculares , Estudos de Coortes , AnestesiologiaRESUMO
El síndrome de Phelan-McDermid (PMS) es una enfermedad rara del neurodesarrollo, provocada por una mutación autosómica dominante debido a la deleción terminal de 22q13, dando lugar a un defecto en la proteína SHANK3. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 12 años con este síndrome, sometida a 3 intervenciones que precisaron de anestesia general. En ninguna de ellas presentó complicaciones intra o postoperatorias.(AU)
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease, caused by an autosomal dominant mutation due to the terminal deletion of 22q13, leading to a defect in the SHANK3 protein. We present the clinical case of a 12-year-old patient with this syndrome, who underwent three interventions that required general anesthesia. In none of them did she present intraoperative or postoperative complications.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Anestesia Geral , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Transtorno Autístico , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico , Doenças Raras , Anestesiologia , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Eye lesions during surgery are rare. Its common causes include direct trauma, chemical damage, and corneal exposure. Eye discomfort may present after surgery in the absence of structural damage. In our hospital, every patient under general anesthesia receives eye protection with eye occlusion associated in most cases with ophthalmic ointment application. We aim to analyze the incidence of eye discomfort with 0.2% carbomer application. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia lasting less than 4h between February and November 2017 were enrolled. We excluded patients with previous ophthalmologic pathology, those undergoing eye, otolaryngology, face or head surgery, and patients in which eye occlusion was not possible. For analysis, patients were divided into two groups: simple eyelid occlusion (Group 1) and eyelid occlusion plus ophthalmic ointment (Group 2). Primary outcome was the incidence of eye discomfort and secondary outcomes were to stablish associated risk factors. RESULTS: 400 patients were analyzed, 50% were exposed to 0.2% carbomer. There was no difference in patients' demographics. During the first 24h post-surgery 7.25% of patients showed visual symptoms, and at one-week postoperative no patient referred symptoms. Most frequent symptoms were blurry vision, pruritus, epiphora and red-eye. On multivariate analysis, the main risk factor associated with eye discomfort was 0.2% carbomer application (RR 13.5 CI 3.27-56.2). Emergent surgery and age were also found to be risk factors. CONCLUSION: 0.2% carbomer does not prevent ophthalmologic symptoms after surgery and it may even increase them in short procedures.
Assuntos
Anestesia Geral , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Período Pós-OperatórioRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The use of general anesthesia in infants involves both short-term and long-term risks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of brain MRI without anesthesia in infants younger than 3-month-old immobilized with a pillow. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective case-control study was done in 2019. Cases were stable patients less than 3 months old who did not require ventilatory support for whom brain MRI was indicated. Patients were fed so they would fall asleep and placed in the scanner with an immobilizing pillow. Controls were clinically unstable patients matched for age and sex referred for brain MRI under general anesthesia. Three pediatric radiologists evaluated the success of the MRI study (whether it answered the clinical question), recorded whether it was necessary to repeat the study, and rated the presence of motion artifacts on a scale ranging from 1 to 4. RESULTS: A total of 47 cases were included (28 boys and 19 girls; mean age, 31 days). Of these, 42 (89%) MRI studies were considered successful. The proportion of successful MRI studies was lower in outpatients than in inpatients (pâ¯=â¯0.02). The quality of MRI in cases was considered optimal in 60% and suboptimal (motion artifacts in one or two sequences) in 30%. No safety issues related with the technique were detected. The mean duration of the studies was 16.6â¯min (range, 6-30â¯min). All of the MRI studies in controls were considered successful; quality was considered optimal in 89% and suboptimal in 11%. In the first year in which we used this technique, we avoided the use of general anesthesia in 47 MRI studies in 42 newborns. CONCLUSION: Brain MRI using the feed and sleep technique in infants younger than 3-month-old immobilized with a pillow can be done safely and efficaciously without general anesthesia.
Assuntos
Artefatos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Anestesia Geral , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , MasculinoRESUMO
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease, caused by an autosomal dominant mutation due to the terminal deletion of 22q13, leading to a defect in the SHANK3 protein. We present the clinical case of a 12-year-old patient with this syndrome, who underwent three interventions that required general anesthesia. In none of them did she present intraoperative or postoperative complications.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cromossômicos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Transtornos Cromossômicos/complicações , Transtornos Cromossômicos/genética , Deleção Cromossômica , Síndrome , Anestesia GeralRESUMO
Introducción: El uso de anestesia general en niños pequeños conlleva riesgos, a corto y largo plazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la técnica de resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral sin anestesia mediante fijación con colchón en niños menores de 3 meses. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de casos y controles realizado en el año 2019. Los casos fueron pacientes menores de 3 meses con indicación de RM craneal, estables y sin soporte ventilatorio; las resonancias se realizaron usando la técnica de dar de comer y dormir y un colchón inmovilizador. Los controles fueron pacientes de la misma edad y sexo, inestables clínicamente, derivados para realizar RM craneal con anestesia general. Tres radiólogos pediátricos evaluaron el éxito de la RM (si respondía a la pregunta clínica), si era necesario repetirla y calificaron la presencia de artefactos de movimiento en una escala del 1 al 4. Resultados: 47 casos fueron incluidos en este estudio (28 niños, 19 niñas; media: 31 días de vida), de los cuales (89%) 42 RM fueron llevadas a cabo de manera exitosa. Los estudios realizados de manera ambulatoria se asociaron a mayor posibilidad de fallo de la técnica que los realizados a ingresados (valor de p 0,02). El 60% de las RM de los casos realizados tuvieron calidad óptima y el 30%, subóptima (artefacto de movimiento en una o dos secuencias). No se detectaron problemas de seguridad con esta técnica. La media de duración de los estudios fue de 16,6 minutos (rango 6-30 minutos). El 100% de las RM de los controles bajo anestesia general se llevaron a cabo con éxito, con una calidad óptima en el 89% y subóptima en el 11% restante. En el primer año de experiencia con esta técnica, de 47 RM realizadas, se evitó el uso de anestesia general a 42 recién nacidos. Conclusión: La técnica de dar de comer y dormir y fijación con colchón neumático para realizar RM sin anestesia puede realizarse de forma eficaz y segura en niños menores de 3 meses.(AU)
Introduction: The use of general anesthesia in infants involves both short-term and long-term risks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of brain MRI without anesthesia in infants younger than 3-month-old immobilized with a pillow. Patients and methods: This prospective case-control study was done in 2019. Cases were stable patients less than 3 months old who did not require ventilatory support for whom brain MRI was indicated. Patients were fed so they would fall asleep and placed in the scanner with an immobilizing pillow. Controls were clinically unstable patients matched for age and sex referred for brain MRI under general anesthesia. Three pediatric radiologists evaluated the success of the MRI study (whether it answered the clinical question), recorded whether it was necessary to repeat the study, and rated the presence of motion artifacts on a scale ranging from 1 to 4. Results: A total of 47 cases were included (28 boys and 19 girls; mean age, 31 days). Of these, 42 (89%) MRI studies were considered successful. The proportion of successful MRI studies was lower in outpatients than in inpatients (p=0.02). The quality of MRI in cases was considered optimal in 60% and suboptimal (motion artifacts in one or two sequences) in 30%. No safety issues related with the technique were detected. The mean duration of the studies was 16.6minutes (range, 6-30minutes). All of the MRI studies in controls were considered successful; quality was considered optimal in 89% and suboptimal in 11%. In the first year in which we used this technique, we avoided the use of general anesthesia in 47 MRI studies in 42 newborns. Conclusion: Brain MRI using the feed and sleep technique in infants younger than 3-month-old immobilized with a pillow can be done safely and efficaciously without general anesthesia.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Cérebro/diagnóstico por imagem , Anestesia Geral , Crânio , Neonatologia , Radiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Serviço Hospitalar de RadiologiaRESUMO
A descorna cirúrgica a campo ainda e uma prática comum em animais de produção, apesar deste procedimento na maioria ainda se realizado por leigos, ou realizada em animais com menos de um ano de idade com ferro candente (avermelhado), esta conduta geralmente é efetuada na propriedade, sendo executada pelo próprio proprietário ou funcionário. O presente experimento usando anestesia geral e bloqueio local do nervo córneo e circularmente na base do corno com abraçadeira de naylon para sutura de pele, associada a ligadura da artéria e veia cornual mostrou ser eficiente reduzindo o tempo cirúrgico a campo e promovendo uma prevenção antecipada de hemorragia que é frequente para este procedimento.(AU)
The surgical dehorning the field and still a common practice in farm animals, although this procedure in most still held by lay people, or performed on animals less than one year old with red-hot iron (red), this conduct is usually done on the property, being executed by the owner himself or employee. This experiment using general anesthesia and local lock of corneal nerve and round the horn base with clamp naylon for skin suture, associated with ligature of the artery and vein cornual is efficient by reducing surgical time field and promoting an early prevention of bleeding is frequent for this procedure.(AU)
El quirúrgica descorne el campo quieto y una práctica común en los animales de granja, aunque este procedimiento en la mayoría todavía en manos de los laicos, o lleva a cabo en animales de menos de un año de edad con hierro al rojo vivo (rojo), este comportamiento se realiza generalmente en la propiedad, los trabajos realizados por el propietario o el propio empleado. Este experimento usando anestesia bloques general y local de los nervios de la córnea y alrededor de la base del cuerno con naylon pinza de sutura de la piel, asociados con la ligadura de la vena y la arteria cornual fue eficiente que reduce el tiempo quirúrgico el campo y la promoción de una prevención temprana sangrado que es común para este procedimiento.(AU)
