Rethinking the applicability domain analysis in QSAR models.

Notwithstanding the wide adoption of the OECD principles (or best practices) for QSAR modeling, disparities between in silico predictions and experimental results are frequent, suggesting that model predictions are often too optimistic. Of these OECD principles, the applicability domain (AD) estimation has been recognized in several reports in the literature to be one of the most challenging, implying that the actual reliability measures of model predictions are often unreliable. Applying tree-based error analysis workflows on 5 QSAR models reported in the literature and available in the QsarDB repository, i.e., androgen receptor bioactivity (agonists, antagonists, and binders, respectively) and membrane permeability (highest membrane permeability and the intrinsic permeability), we demonstrate that predictions erroneously tagged as reliable (AD prediction errors) overwhelmingly correspond to instances in subspaces (cohorts) with the highest prediction error rates, highlighting the inhomogeneity of the AD space. In this sense, we call for more stringent AD analysis guidelines which require the incorporation of model error analysis schemes, to provide critical insight on the reliability of underlying AD algorithms. Additionally, any selected AD method should be rigorously validated to demonstrate its suitability for the model space over which it is applied. These steps will ultimately contribute to more accurate estimations of the reliability of model predictions. Finally, error analysis may also be useful in "rational" model refinement in that data expansion efforts and model retraining are focused on cohorts with the highest error rates.

Characterization of Deep Learning-Based Speech-Enhancement Techniques in Online Audio Processing Applications.

Deep learning-based speech-enhancement techniques have recently been an area of growing interest, since their impressive performance can potentially benefit a wide variety of digital voice communication systems. However, such performance has been evaluated mostly in offline audio-processing scenarios (i.e., feeding the model, in one go, a complete audio recording, which may extend several seconds). It is of significant interest to evaluate and characterize the current state-of-the-art in applications that process audio online (i.e., feeding the model a sequence of segments of audio data, concatenating the results at the output end). Although evaluations and comparisons between speech-enhancement techniques have been carried out before, as far as the author knows, the work presented here is the first that evaluates the performance of such techniques in relation to their online applicability. This means that this work measures how the output signal-to-interference ratio (as a separation metric), the response time, and memory usage (as online metrics) are impacted by the input length (the size of audio segments), in addition to the amount of noise, amount and number of interferences, and amount of reverberation. Three popular models were evaluated, given their availability on public repositories and online viability, MetricGAN+, Spectral Feature Mapping with Mimic Loss, and Demucs-Denoiser. The characterization was carried out using a systematic evaluation protocol based on the Speechbrain framework. Several intuitions are presented and discussed, and some recommendations for future work are proposed.

Evaluation of the acceptability of point of care diagnostic test for prenatal toxoplasmosis (translational research phase III).

BACKGROUND: A new point of care test (POC) was developed that is promising as a tool to enhance impact of prenatal care programs for toxoplasmosis, however, no reports exist about its use or acceptability for healthcare personnel and mothers in Colombia. METHODS: This was a translational research - phase III study of the acceptability of a new POC test (Toxoplasma ICT IgG-IgM, LDBio) for qualitative diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in 783 pregnant women and 30 health personnel in primary health care sites in the city of Armenia, Quindío (Colombia). Along with collection of the results of diagnostic POC and confirmatory test and demographic information, we evaluated acceptability through measure of the willingness, credibility, and satisfaction by using questionnaires with a Likert scale during routine prenatal care visits. RESULTS: POC positivity was 46.5% among pregnant participants and was significantly related to socioeconomic factors, including education level (p = 0.00000000) and insurance status (p = 0.00000015). A total of 93-97% of healthcare personnel indicated agreement to positive statements regarding total satisfaction and total credibility of the LDBio test, but qualitative questions identified "Difficulty in the test procedure" as the most common response about barriers to apply the test. Greater than 90% of pregnant participants agree that POC test should be routine for all pregnant woman and permanently implemented. CONCLUSIONS: The test had near complete acceptability. In future studies it is necessary to examine the effect of non-differentiation between IgG and IgM isotypes.

Functionality of Apps for People with Autism: Comparison between Educators from Florence and Granada.

BACKGROUND: Studies on the potential of smartphone apps for people with autism are currently increasing in number, given the large digital supply available and the benefits they offer. We analyzed the opinion of educators from Florence (Italy) and Granada (Spain) regarding the benefits and applicability of apps, frequency of their use, and the type of apps used for people with autism. METHODS: The study involved 1261 professionals, of whom 286 worked with apps, using a non-experimental quantitative design, descriptive and frequency statistics, parametric inferential analyses (Student's t and one-factor ANOVA), and calculation of the effect size (Cohen's d and eta squared) and intrafactorial correlations. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in respect of city, sex, age, years of experience, place of work, and type of teacher. The teachers from Granada found more benefits and applicability in apps, and revealed a slightly higher usage than those from Florence. CONCLUSIONS: It is an arduous but worthy task for professionals from schools and associations that work with people with autism to acquire the necessary knowledge to apply methodologies based on information and communication technology (ICT), as this will help achieve the integrated development of people with different capabilities.

Experiencia inicial en hepatectomías videolaparoscópicas / Initial experience in laparoscopic liver resections

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La cirugía hepática videolaparoscópica ha experimentado un importante desarrollo; sin embargo, la mayoría de las hepatectomías continúan haciéndose por vía convencional. Objetivo: presentar la experiencia y aplicabilidad de hepatectomías videolaparoscópicas. Material y métodos: análisis retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a una hepatectomía entre agosto de 2010 y diciembre de 2019. Analizamos variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias. Para evaluar la aplicabilidad, se dividió la muestra en: Etapa 1: agosto de 2010 a diciembre de 2013; Etapa 2: enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2016, Etapa 3: enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: de 385 hepatectomías realizadas, 119 fueron videolaparoscópicas: 53 (44%) fueron to talmente laparoscópicas, 64 (54%) mano-asistidas y 2 híbridas. La aplicabilidad global fue 31%. En la etapa 1: 23% , en la 2: 30% y en la 3: 44% (p < 0,05). Fueron patología maligna en la etapa 1: 36%, en la 2: 67% y en la 3: 72% (p < 0,05). Hepatectomías mayores: 13%, 31% y 32% en etapas 1, 2, y 3, respectivamente (p < 0,05). El índice de conversión fue 12%, 0% y 11%, respectivamente (p NS). Se utilizó clampeo pedicular en: 6%, 5% y 45%; (p < 0,05). Las complicaciones en la etapa 1 fueron 30%, en la 2: 28% y en la 3: 17%, siendo complicaciones Dindo-Clavien III o más, el 6%, 13% y 5%, respectivamente, p NS. Conclusiones: Aa pesar de su complejidad, las hepatectomías videolaparoscópicas son técnicamente reproducibles. Adquiriendo experiencia, podemos aumentar la aplicabilidad, a favor de la patología oncológica y complejidad, sin comprometer la seguridad del paciente.

ABSTRACT Background: Despite laparoscopic liver resection has significantly evolved, most hepatectomies are performed by the conventional approach. Objective: The aim of this study is to present the initial experience and applicability of laparoscopic liver resections. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing liver resection between August 2010 and December 2019. Perioperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables were analyzed. To evaluate applicability, the sample was divided into 3 stages: stage 1, from August 2010 to December 2013; stage 2, from January 2014 to December 2016; and stage 3, from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: Of 385 liver resections performed, 119 were laparoscopic procedures: 53 (44%) were pure laparoscopic procedures, 64 (54%) were hand-assisted (64 patients) and 2 corresponded to hybrid procedures. Global applicability was 31%. In stage 1 1: 23%, in 2: 30% and in 3: 44% (p < 0.05). Malignant lesions: stage 1: 36%, stage 2: 67% and stage 3: 72% (p < 0.05). Major liver resections: 13%, 31% and 32% in stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.05). Conversion rate was 12%, 0% and 11%, respectively (p NS). Hepatic pedicle clamping was used in 6%, 5% and 45%; (p < 0.05). Complications in stage 1 were 30%, in stage 2: 28% and in stage 3: 17%, and Clavien-Dindo complications grade 3 or greater were 6%, 13% and 5%, respectively, p NS. Conclusions: Laparoscopic liver resections are complex procedures but technically reproducible. Applicability increases with the acquisition of experience, not only in malignant lesions but also in complex lesions ensuring safety for the patient.

A Rapid Review of Interventions to Prevent First Pregnancy among Adolescents and Its Applicability to Latin America.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To summarize recent literature on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancy and to explore the applicability of these interventions to Latin America (LA). Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: We carried out a rapid review of the literature (2005-2019). Studies were included if: they evaluated interventions targeting adolescents and prevention of pregnancy; they used a randomized controlled design; and pregnancy was measured as an outcome. Applicability of the interventions to LA was assessed using the following information: target population; intervention design and resources; type, skills, and training of providers; system arrangements; and acceptability and social context. RESULTS: Nine studies were included, 5 described interventions in African countries, 2 in the United Kingdom, and 2 in the United States. Interventions were rated as highly applicable to LA in the context of target population, profile of the providers, and design; however, variations arose when assessing system arrangements and social context. Incentive-based interventions showed significant effects in the prevention of adolescent pregnancy and were rated as highly applicable. CONCLUSION: This review provides professionals, policymakers, researchers, and educators potential criteria to consider when adapting successful evidence-based interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancy in LA.

Biochemical characterization of a partially purified protease from Aspergillus terreus 7461 and its application as an environmentally friendly dehairing agent for leather industry.

Proteases can be used in several biotechnological processes including detergent, food and leather industries. In the leather industry, dehairing is carried out by chemicals, which pollute the environment. Therefore, to make the hair removal process environmentally friendly, a protease produced by Aspergillus terreus has been purified, biochemically characterized and had an efficient ability to remove hair from bovine leather. The protease was produced using 1% wheat bran and was purified 2.3-fold using two chromatographic steps showing a molecular weight of 90 kDa. Optimal temperature and pH were 50 °C and 6.5, respectively. Thermal stability was up to 1 h at 50 °C. Protease was stable to detergents like Tween 80 and to organic solvents. The activity was activated by Ca2+ and inhibited by Hg2+ and Cu2+. The enzyme was classified as serine protease, by the inhibition by PMSF and was stable to reducing agents. It hydrolyzed casein, azocasein, BSA, egg albumin and BTpNA. The Km and Vmax values were 0.65 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 3.66 ± 0.18 µmol/min, respectively. Remarkable properties about temperature, pH, stability to detergents and reducing agents ensure that the protease from A. terreus can be an excellent candidate for industrial applications, particularly in the leather industry.

Guidelines in Low and Middle Income Countries Paper 2: Quality assessment of Chilean guidelines: need for improvement in rigor, applicability, updating, and patients' inclusion.

OBJECTIVES: The Chilean health system mandates providers to ensure assistance under a guaranteed system, the Explicit Guarantees in Healthcare (EGH) program. The Health Ministry has developed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), but independent assessment of their quality is lacking. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We assessed all CPGs of the EGH program using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool for appraising quality, validity period, and last update. RESULTS: Eighty-six CPGs were published between 2005 and 2016. Only 15 (17.4%) were updated. The overall mean raw score was 4.18 (±0.98). The scaled scores for each domain were: Scope and objectives 79.7%, Stakeholder involvement 46.2%, Rigor of development 36.3%, Clarity of presentation 82.8%, Applicability 23.5%, and Editorial independence 39.2%. The highest items were: overall objectives described, population described, options for management clearly presented, and key recommendations easily identifiable. The worst evaluated items were: views and preferences of the target population, strengths and limitations of the body of evidence, methods for formulating the recommendations, external review by experts, and description of facilitators and barriers to application. CONCLUSION: Most Chilean CPGs included in the EGH program are outdated and show items that should be improved, mainly through a more rigorous methodology, the inclusion of patients in its development, and appropriate consideration of its applicability.

Even High-Quality CPGs Seldom Include Implementation Strategies.

Background: Implementation is a key step in ensuring that high-quality clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations are followed and have a positive impact. This step must be planned during CPG development. This study aims to inform professionals tasked with developing and implementing CPGs regarding implementation strategies and tools reported in high-quality CPGs for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: NCD guidelines were selected based on Appraisal of Guideline Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II assessment. CPGs with a score of ≥60% in AGREE II domains 3 (rigor of development), 5 (applicability), and 6 (editorial independence), were considered high quality. The content related to implementation was extracted from CPG full texts and complementary materials. Implementation strategies and tools were assessed and classified using Mazza taxonomy. Results: Twenty high-quality CPGs were selected, most of which were developed by government institutions (16; 80%) with public funding (16; 80%); almost half (9; 45%) addressed the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The countries with the most high-quality CPGs were the UK (6; 30%) and Colombia (5; 25%). These countries also had the highest average number of strategies, Colombia with 28 (SD = 1) distributed in all levels, and the UK with 15 (SD = 7), concentrating on professional and organizational levels. Although the content of the Colombian CPGs was similar regardless the disease, the CPGs from the UK were specific and contained data-based feedback reports and information on CPG compliance. Implementation strategies most frequently identified were at the professional level, such as distributing reference material (18; 80%) and educating groups of healthcare professionals (18; 80%). At the organizational level, the most frequent strategies involve changes in structure (15; 75%) and service delivery method (13; 65%). Conclusion: Countries with established CPG programs, such as the UK and Colombia, where identified as having the highest number of high-quality CPGs, although CPG implementation content had significant differences. Among high-quality CPGs, the most common implementation strategies were at the professional and organizational levels. There is still room for improvement regarding the implementation strategies report, even among high-quality CPGs, especially concerning monitoring of implementation outcomes and selection of strategies based on relevant implementation barriers.

Dental age estimation of Jordanian children: applicability of Demirjian method / Estimativa de idade dentária em crianças jordanas: aplicabilidade do método Demirjian

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian method in estimating the chronological age of male and female Jordanian children and to establish a new dental age curve if the Demirjian method was not found to be accurate. Methods: Orthopantomograms (OPTs) of 1374 Caucasian Jordanian children (684 females and 690 males) aged 4 to16 years were selected and the dental age was determined by Demirjian method. The chronological ages of the children were obtained by subtracting their birthdates from the date of taking the radiograph. The OPTs were obtained from Archives of Dental Teaching Clinics /XXX and other private orthodontic practices in Irbid and Amman. Results: Demirjian method overestimated chronological age in female and male subjects aged 4 to 8 years. Afterwards, the method underestimated chronological age in females aged 9-11 years and 14-16 years. In male subjects, chronological age was underestimated in subjects aged 9-12 years and 15-16 years. New the dental age curves for Jordanian females and males were constructed. The constants for the quadratic model for the new curves were (b0=-25.341, b1=17.557, b2=-0.623) for females and (b0=-29.809, b1=17.396, b2=-0.595) for males. Conclusion: Demirjian method overestimated the chronological age of Jordanians below the age of 8 years and underestimated the age of Jordanians above 8 years. A new DA standard for Jordanian children was developed and tested for accuracy.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a precisão do método Demirjian na estimativa da idade cronológica de crianças jordanianas do sexo masculino e feminino e estabelecer uma nova curva de idade dentária, se o método Demirjian não for acurado. Métodos: Foram selecionados radiografias panorâmicas (OPTs) de 1374 crianças jordanianas caucasianas (684 do sexo feminino e 690 do sexo masculino) com idades entre 4 e 16 anos, e a idade dentária foi determinada pelo método de Demirjian. As idades cronológicas das crianças foram obtidas subtraindo as datas de nascimento a partir da data da realização da radiografia. Os OPTs foram obtidos em Archives of Dental Teaching Clinics / XXX e outras clínicas ortodônticas particulares em Irbid e Amã. Resultados: O método Demirjian superestimou a idade cronológica em indivíduos do sexo feminino e masculino com idades entre 4 e 8 anos. Posteriormente, o método subestimou a idade cronológica em mulheres de 9 a 11 anos e 14 a 16 anos. Nos homens, a idade cronológica foi subestimada nos indivíduos de 9 a 12 anos e 15 a 16 anos. Novas curvas de idade dentária para mulheres e homens jordanianos foram construídas. As constantes para o modelo quadrático para as novas curvas foram (b0 = -25.341, b1 = 17.557, b2 = -0.623) para mulheres e (b0 = -29.809, b1 = 17.396, b2 = -0.595) para homens. Conclusão O método Demirjian superestimou a idade cronológica dos jordanianos abaixo de 8 anos e subestimou a idade dos jordanianos acima de 8 anos. Um novo padrão DA para crianças jordanianas foi desenvolvido e testado quanto à precisão.

Applicability and contribution of the new ILAE 2017 classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of the 2017 ILAE classification of seizures and epilepsies through the analysis of a sample of 100 outpatients with a diagnosis of epilepsy. All clinical charts were reviewed applying both the 1981/1989 and 2017 classifications of seizures and epilepsies, respectively. For most focal seizures, descriptors were required to include all the relevant clinical information. The reclassification of complex partial seizures into focal seizures with impaired awareness with a motor / non-motor onset allowed the inclusion of features of topographic value, although the chronological sequence of awareness impairment was lacking. The use of the term "focal to bilateral tonic-clonic" reduced the number of seizures classified as generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) by 19%. A subset of GTCS (35%) and absence seizures (12.5%) were reclassified as seizures of unknown onset. Most focal symptomatic epilepsies (92%) were reclassified as focal structural epilepsies, while 27% of idiopathic generalized and 7% of focal cryptogenic epilepsies merged into the category of "epilepsies of unknown type". Major strengths of the new classification are simplicity and the role of the category "unknown onset" to avoid forced categorization. A section assigned to uncertainty reinforces the need for further ancillary studies and periodic diagnostic re-evaluation.

Three Generations of ß-blockers: History, Class Differences and Clinical Applicability.

BACKGROUND: Beta-adrenergic receptors are expressed in cardiomyocytes and activated by either noradrenaline released from sympathetic synapses or circulating catecholamines. Their corresponding receptors have three subtypes, namely, ß1, ß2 and ß3, which are members of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. Activation of ß1-adrenergic receptors causes various physiological reactions including cardiac contraction and renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Antagonists of ß-adrenergic receptors, known as ß-blockers, have been used effectively for over four decades and have beneficial effects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There are three generations of ß-blockers according to their pharmacological properties. Firstgeneration ß-blockers are non-selective, blocking both ß1- and ß2-receptors; second-generation ß- blockers are more cardioselective in that they are more selective for ß1-receptors; and thirdgeneration ß-blockers are highly selective drugs for ß1-receptors. The latter also display vasodilator actions by blocking α1-adrenoreceptors and activating ß3-adrenergic receptors. In addition, thirdgeneration ß-blockers exhibit angiogenic, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-hypertrophic and antiapoptotic activities among other effects that are still under investigation. CONCLUSION: The objective of this review is to describe the evolution observed during the development of the three distinctive generations, thereby highlighting the advantages of third-generation ß- blockers over the other two drug classes.

Ligand recognition properties of the vasopressin V2 receptor studied under QSAR and molecular modeling strategies.

The design of new drugs that target vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) is of vital importance to develop new therapeutic alternatives to treat diseases such as heart failure, polycystic kidney disease. To get structural insights related to V2R-ligand recognition, we have used a combined approach of docking, molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) to elucidate the detailed interaction of the V2R with 119 of its antagonists. The three-dimensional model of V2R was built by threading methods refining its structure through MD simulations upon which the 119 ligands were subjected to docking studies. The theoretical results show that binding recognition of these ligands on V2R is diverse, but the main pharmacophore (electronic and π-π interactions) is maintained; thus, this information was validated under QSAR results. QSAR studies were performed using MLR analysis followed by ANN analysis to increase the model quality. The final equation was developed by choosing the optimal combination of descriptors after removing the outliers. The applicability domains of the constructed QSAR models were defined using the leverage and standardization approaches. The results suggest that the proposed QSAR models can reliably predict the reproductive toxicity potential of diverse chemicals, and they can be useful tools for screening new chemicals for safety assessment.

Applicability, validation and reproducibility of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM III) in patients with non-traumatic spinal cord lesions.

PURPOSE: To verify the applicability, reproducibility and validity of the SCIM III patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury. METHOD: The cross-sectional study included 30 patients (66% females; 41.5 ± 14.7 yo) with non-traumatic spinal cord injury of any etiology. Subjects were subjected by computerized gait analysis and answered the Brazilian versions of SCIM III (0-100 points) and FIM™ (18-126 points) by two raters (A and B) at the same day and 1 week later (A). RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient for the use of SCIM III indicated appropriated intra- and inter-evaluator reproducibility (ICC = 0.9). Correlation between the SCIM III and the motor FIM™ was appropriate (r = 0.6; p = 0.0). SCIM III subscales and FIM™ domains correlated strongly for self-care (r = 0.8; p ≤ 0.001), moderately for transfers (r = 0.6; p = 0.0005) and locomotion (r = 0.6; p = 0.0006). SCIM III mobility subscale positively correlated with the cadence (r = 0.8; p ≤ 0.01), gait speed (r = 0.7; p ≤ 0.01) and step length (r = 0.6; p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SCIM III is a reproducible functional assessment instrument and capable of evaluating the level of independence of the individual with non-traumatic spinal cord injury. The SCIM III is more sensitive than the MIF™ for non-traumatic spastic paraplegic patients with higher levels of independence, particularly if they can walk independently. Linear gait parameters correlated with its mobility subscale. Implications for Rehabilitation Applicability, validation and reproducibility of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM III) in patients with non-traumatic spinal cord lesions. There are not many studies focused on patients with non-traumatic spinal cord lesion. Disability varies in severity, but frequently contributes to limitations in the activities of daily living (ADL) and participation. We do not find in the literature studies that assess the functionality of these individuals as comprehensive as ours.

Applicability of a novel immunoassay based on surface plasmon resonance for the diagnosis of Chagas disease.

BACKGROUND: We defined the methodological criteria for the interpretation of the results provided by a novel immunoassay based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect antibodies anti-Trypanosoma cruzi in human sera (SPRCruzi). Then, we evaluated its applicability as a diagnostic tool for Chagas disease. METHODS: To define the cut-off point and serum dilution factor, 57 samples were analyzed at SPRCruzi and the obtained values of SPR angle displacement (ΔθSPR) were submitted to statistical analysis. Adopting the indicated criteria, its performance was evaluated into a wide panel of samples, being 99 Chagas disease patients, 30 non-infected subjects and 42 with other parasitic/infectious diseases. In parallel, these samples were also analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that 1:320 dilution and cut-off point at ∆θSPR=17.2 m° provided the best results. Global performance analysis demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity (100%), specificity (97.2%), positive predictive value (98%), negative predictive value (100%) and global accuracy (99.6%). ELISA and SPRCruzi showed almost perfect agreement, mainly between chagasic and non-infected individuals. However, the new immunoassay was better in discriminate Chagas disease from other diseases. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrated the applicability of SPRCruzi as a feasible, real time, label free, sensible and specific methodology for the diagnosis of Chagas disease.

Uso e perspectivas da nanotecnologia na indústria de alimentos / Use and prospects of nanotechnology in the food industry

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a aceitabilidade do uso da nanotecnologia, assim se fez um estudo de caráter exploratório utilizando como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida segundo o aspecto da informação e o aspecto vulnerável do limite entre a qualidade alimentar como excelência de produto e o abastecimento mundial. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho analisou efetivamente diversos setores, desde do campo ate o beneficiamento do alimento, sendo coerente com o desenho conceitual da tecnologia proposta. A empregabilidade da nanotecnologia na indústria alimentar está se elaborando de forma factível, proporcionando dispositivos comumente aplicáveis fisicamente, quimicamente e biologicamente. Esta tecnologia visa dinamizar o setor produtivo, identificando, viabilizando e favorecendo as possibilidades de obterem-se produtos de alta gama. Embora os consumidores tenham acesso à rrúdia observou se que a informação que chega é muito restrita, ao mesmo tempo em que é difícil a compreensão, encontra-se em complexa rede de interesses, possuindo implicações econômicas e legais. (AU)

The present study had purpose check the Knowledge and the acceptability of the products nanotechnology by the food consumer. That way , it was made a study with exploiters characters using as methodology the quantity approach developed according to the aspect of the information and to the aspect vulnerability of environment limits between quality food whit excellence the products and global supply. Thus, this work has evaluated the effectiveness the applicability in various sector from the field until the processing of food , being consistent whit the conceptual design of the proposed technology. The employability of nanotechnology in the food industry develop so doable providing devices that commonly applicable physically, chemical and biologically. This technology aims to stimulate the productive sector, identify, enabling and promoting the possibilities of obtaining products of high range. Although the consumer have access to the media ir was observe that the information that ir gets is too restricted , at the same time that the understanding is difficult it is in one complex net of interest that it has economical and legal implications (AU)

Propuesta de adaptación de la hoja de historia farmacoterapéutica del método Dáder para aprendices / Proposal of adaptation of the sheet of pharmaceutical history of Dáder method for learners

Introducción: en 2008, Freitas & Marques propusieron una hoja de historia farmacoterapéutica: el Dáder modificado. Objetivo: evaluar la aplicabilidad del Dáder modificado comparándolo con el Dáder. Métodos: las hojas de historia farmacoterapéutica fueron aplicadas a usuarios crónicos de medicamentos por estudiantes de Farmacia. Al final de la aplicación, los entrevistadores atribuyeron notas de 0 a 5 para varios aspectos de su aplicabilidad. También se evaluaron si los datos recogidos estaban completos. Resultados: las dos hojas de historia farmacoterapéutica se mostraron equivalentes, pues no hubo diferencia significativa para las tres preguntas acerca de la aplicabilidad. Conclusiones: En el contexto de la Atención Farmacéutica, la existencia de una nueva hoja de historia farmacoterapéutica ofrece la posibilidad de elegir la que mejor se adapte a las necesidades del farmacéutico.

Introduction: Freitas & Marques proposed a sheet of pharmacotherapeutical history (SPH) in 2008: the Dáder adaptation (DA). Objective: this study was aimed at evaluating the applicability of DA compared with Dáder. Methods: the sheets of pharmacotherapeutical history (SPH) were applied to chronic users of drugs by pharmacy students. At the end, interviewers attributed scores ranged from 0 to 5 points to various aspects of their applicability. The completeness or not of the collected data was also evaluated. Results: the two SPH were equivalent, because there was no statistically significant difference for the three questions about the applicability. Conclusions: In the context of pharmaceutical care, this new sheet of pharmacotherapeutical history offers possibilities to choose the one that best fits the needs of the pharmacist.

Contos de fadas: de sua origem à clínica contemporânea / Cuento de hadas: de su origen a la clínica contemporánea / Fairy tales: from their origin to contemporary clinic

Os contos de fadas são histórias difundidas desde a Antiguidade e têm comprovada influência e relevância entre infância também na contemporaneidade. Esta revisão de bibliografia visa a contribuir para os estudos da psicanálise no que tange ao entendimento analítico dessas preciosas histórias da literatura infantil, em especial quanto à sua aplicabilidade terapêutica na clínica psicológica. Inicialmente, percorremos a literatura em busca de subsídios que elucidem a sua origem e que sustentem o uso dos contos na pesquisa em psicologia clínica. Na sequência, sustentamos a aplicabilidade dos contos de fada na prática clínica, enfocada por diversas correntes teóricas. Na clínica psicanalítica contemporânea, faz-se corriqueiro o uso de contos de fadas com crianças, para diagnóstico e tratamento, quando são usados como uma forma de expressão e simbolização do sofrimento.

Fairy tales have been known since antiquity and their influence on and relevance to children nowadays are unquestionable. The objective of this bibliographic review is to contribute to psychoanalytical studies in what concerns the analytical understanding of those rich stories of children's literature, especially regarding their therapeutic applicability to psychological clinic. First we reviewed the literature in order to find material to elucidate their origin and to advise their use in clinical psychology research. We then proceeded to recommend the applicability of fairy tales to clinical practice, with basis on in different theoretical views. In contemporary psychoanalytic clinic, it is common to use fairy tales with children for diagnosis and treatment, as a form of expression and symbolization of suffering.

Los cuentos de hadas son historias difundidas desde la antiguedad y también en la contemporaneidad poseen una relevancia e influencia para la infancia. La revisión bibliográfica que aquí presentamos tiene como objetivo contribuir para los estudios del psicoanálisis con respecto al entendimiento analítico de estas preciosas historias de la literatura infantil, especialmente por su aplicabilidad terapéutica en la clínica psicológica. Iniciamos un recorrido por la literatura en busca de subsidios que eluciden su origen y que sustenten su utilización en el ámbito de la pesquisa en psicología clínica. A continuación sustentamos la aplicabilidad de los cuentos de hadas en la práctica psicológica, enfocándola a partir de diferentes corrientes teóricas. El uso de cuentos de hadas con niños es habitual en lo que se refiere al diagnóstico y al tratamiento en la clínica psicoanalítica contemporánea cuando son utilizados como una forma de expresión y simbolización del sufrimiento.

Contos de fadas: de sua origem à clínica contemporânea / Cuento de hadas: de su origen a la clínica contemporánea / Fairy tales: from their origin to contemporary clinic

Os contos de fadas são histórias difundidas desde a Antiguidade e têm comprovada influência e relevância entre infância também na contemporaneidade. Esta revisão de bibliografia visa a contribuir para os estudos da psicanálise no que tange ao entendimento analítico dessas preciosas histórias da literatura infantil, em especial quanto à sua aplicabilidade terapêutica na clínica psicológica. Inicialmente, percorremos a literatura em busca de subsídios que elucidem a sua origem e que sustentem o uso dos contos na pesquisa em psicologia clínica. Na sequência, sustentamos a aplicabilidade dos contos de fada na prática clínica, enfocada por diversas correntes teóricas. Na clínica psicanalítica contemporânea, faz-se corriqueiro o uso de contos de fadas com crianças, para diagnóstico e tratamento, quando são usados como uma forma de expressão e simbolização do sofrimento.(AU)

Fairy tales have been known since antiquity and their influence on and relevance to children nowadays are unquestionable. The objective of this bibliographic review is to contribute to psychoanalytical studies in what concerns the analytical understanding of those rich stories of children's literature, especially regarding their therapeutic applicability to psychological clinic. First we reviewed the literature in order to find material to elucidate their origin and to advise their use in clinical psychology research. We then proceeded to recommend the applicability of fairy tales to clinical practice, with basis on in different theoretical views. In contemporary psychoanalytic clinic, it is common to use fairy tales with children for diagnosis and treatment, as a form of expression and symbolization of suffering.(AU)

Los cuentos de hadas son historias difundidas desde la antiguedad y también en la contemporaneidad poseen una relevancia e influencia para la infancia. La revisión bibliográfica que aquí presentamos tiene como objetivo contribuir para los estudios del psicoanálisis con respecto al entendimiento analítico de estas preciosas historias de la literatura infantil, especialmente por su aplicabilidad terapéutica en la clínica psicológica. Iniciamos un recorrido por la literatura en busca de subsidios que eluciden su origen y que sustenten su utilización en el ámbito de la pesquisa en psicología clínica. A continuación sustentamos la aplicabilidad de los cuentos de hadas en la práctica psicológica, enfocándola a partir de diferentes corrientes teóricas. El uso de cuentos de hadas con niños es habitual en lo que se refiere al diagnóstico y al tratamiento en la clínica psicoanalítica contemporánea cuando son utilizados como una forma de expresión y simbolización del sufrimiento.(AU)