RESUMO
Introducción: Las infecciones del tejido óseo por gérmenes patógenos por la vía hematógena son frecuentes en el niño en las zonas metafisarias y columna vertebral en el adulto. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una paciente adulta con osteomielitis del fémur por vía hematógena. Caso clínico: Paciente de 38 años de edad, blanca, femenina sin comorbilidad conocida, la cual acude a la consulta de Ortopedia y Traumatología por referir dolor intenso a nivel del muslo derecho que no remite al tratamiento ambulatorio con analgésicos. Mediante la exploración física se observó ligero aumento de volumen a nivel del muslo distal. A la palpación se detectó hiperestesia cutánea en especial hacia la cara lateral. La tomografía axial computarizada detectó a nivel de la diáfisis distal del fémur derecho, lesión osteolítica con presencia de una hiperdensidad en su interior con densidad ósea. Al tener en cuenta todos los elementos anteriores, se decide llevar la paciente al quirófano, para tratamiento de tipo quirúrgico, donde se realizó incisión quirúrgica lateral en la zona distal del muslo derecho, se avanzó por planos quirúrgicos y se realizó punción ósea con trocar de ocho milímetros donde se observó salida de pus espeso. Conclusiones: La osteomielitis hematógena es una enfermedad típica del paciente con epífisis abiertas y en la columna vertebral del adulto. La invasión al tejido óseo por la vía hematógena en el adulto que no sea en la columna es muy infrecuente.
Introduction: Infections of the bone tissue by pathogenic germs by hematogenous route are frequent in the child in the metaphyseal zones and in the spine in the adult. Objective: To present an adult patient with osteomyelitis of the femur by hematogenous route. Clinical case: A 38-year-old white female patient with no known morbidity, clinical record 253853, named MRA, who went to the Orthopedics and Traumatology clinic for reporting severe pain at the level of the right thigh that did not respond to treatment with ambulatory pain relievers. Physical examination revealed a slight increase in volume at the level of the distal thigh. On palpation, skin hyperesthesia was detected, especially towards the lateral aspect of the knee. A computed tomography scan detected an osteolytic lesion at the distal diaphysis of the right femur with the presence of hyperdensity with bone density. Taking all the above elements into account, it was decided to take the patient to the operating room for surgical treatment, where a lateral surgical incision was made in the distal area of the right thigh, surgical plans were performed, and an eight millimeters trocar bone puncture was used to open the bone where thick pus was observed. Conclusions: Hematogenous osteomyelitis is a typical entity of the patient with open epiphyses and in the adult spine. Invasion of bone tissue by the hematogenous route in adults other than in the spine is very rare.
RESUMO
AIM: Post-transplant bone disease results from multiple factors, including previous bone and mineral metabolism disturbances and effects from transplant-related medications. Bone biopsy remains the gold-standard diagnostic tool. METHODS: We aimed to prospectively evaluate trabecular and cortical bone by histomorphometry after kidney transplantation. Seven patients, willing to perform follow-up bone biopsy, were included in the study. Dual-X-ray absorptiometry and trans-iliac bone biopsy were performed within the first 2 months after renal transplantation and repeated after 2-5 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Follow-up biopsy revealed a significant decrease in osteoblast surface/bone surface (0.91 ± 0.81 to 0.47 ± 0.12%, P = 0.036), osteoblasts number/bone surface (0.45 (0.23, 0.94) to 0.00/mm(2) , P = 0.018) and erosion surface/bone surface (3.75 ± 2.02 to 2.22 ± 1.38%, P = 0.044). A decrease in trabecular number (3.55 (1.81, 2.89) to 1.55/mm (1.24, 2.06), P = 0.018) and increase in trabecular separation (351.65 ± 135.04 to 541.79 ± 151.91 µm, P = 0.024) in follow-up biopsy suggest loss in bone quantity. We found no significant differences in cortical analysis, except a reduction in external cortical osteonal eroded surface (5.76 (2.94, 13.97) to 3.29% (0.00, 6.67), P = 0.043). Correlations between bone histomorphometric and dual-X-ray absorptiometry parameters gave inconsistent results. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a reduction in bone activity, suggesting increased risk of adynamic bone and loss of bone volume. Cortical bone seems less affected by post-transplant biological changes in the first years after kidney transplantation.
