Cross-sectional study of hepatitis B virus infection in female breast cancer patients in China for the first time diagnosed.

BACKGROUND: The correlation between breast cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains inconclusive. This study aims to explore the serological status of HBV infection and past infection in different age groups of female breast cancer patients, patients with benign breast diseases, and individuals undergoing routine physical examinations. METHODS: Serum data on HBV serological markers were collected and analyzed from 6072 female breast cancer patients first diagnosed from September 2012 to July 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, along with 4019 women with benign breast diseases and 54,740 healthy females undergoing routine physical examinations in the same period. The data were stratified by age for comparison between groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of HBV infection and past infection in the breast cancer group (7.9%, 55.1%) was higher than that in the benign breast disease group (6.5%, 39.1%) and the healthy females group(5.0%, 17.6%);the rate of only HBV surface antibody positivity (HBsAb ( +)) in the breast cancer group (10.3%) was lower than that in the benign breast disease group (26.9%) and the healthy females group (49.2%), with significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.05). Stratified by age, the prevalence of HBV infection in the breast cancer group (8%, 8.9%) and benign breast disease group (7.75%, 8.1%)was higher than that in the healthy females group (4.5%, 6.3%) in the 30-39 and 40-49 age group, respectively. The past infection rate of HBV in the breast cancer group (24.8%, 45.0%) was higher than that in the benign breast disease group (16.1%, 35.4%) in the ≤ 29 and 30-39 age group, respectively.. The past infection rate of HBV in the breast cancer group was higher than that in the healthy females group in all age groups, while the rate of only HBsAb ( +) in the breast cancer group was lower than that in the benign breast disease group and the routine physical examination group in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer women and women with benign breast diseases have higher rates of hepatitis B virus infection and previous infections, with more significant differences among middle-aged women. Breast cancer women and women with benign breast diseases have lower rates of only HBsAb ( +) for HBV.

Mammography of suspicious calcifications among ductal carcinoma in situ and benign breast disease.

Background: Most ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions manifest early as calcifications, which could be benign or malignant. The classified group of suspicious calcifications among DCIS and benign breast disease is clinically important to early evaluate patient risk factors and plan treatment options. Objectives: To compare imaging features of suspicious calcifications between DCIS and benign breast disease. Method: A retrospective study of 101 suspicious calcifications was performed at Thammasat University Hospital from June 2011 to October 2020. The calcifications were surgically excised by mammography-guided wire localisation. The mammographic features of the suspicious calcifications were reviewed according to the fifth edition of the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System lexicon. For comparing between two groups, the student t-test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses. The logistic regression analysis was calculated for DCIS prediction. Results: The pathologic results of all 101 suspicious calcifications were DCIS (30 cases) and benign breast disease (71 cases). Linear morphology and segmental distribution correlated significantly with DCIS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.024, respectively). After multivariable analysis, fine linear calcification still significantly elevated the risk of DCIS (odd ratios, 51.72 [95% confidence interval: 2.61, 1022.89], p-value of 0.01), however, the odds of predicting DCIS was not statistically significant different among any distribution. Conclusion: Ductal carcinoma in situ calcification has contrasting morphology and distribution features compared to benign breast disease. The calcification descriptor is considered an important implement for early diagnosis and distinguishes DCIS from other benign breast conditions. Contribution: Calcification descriptor is considered an important implement for early diagnosis and distinguishment of DCIS from other benign breast conditions.

A Study Comparing Centchroman and Evening Primrose Oil in the Treatment of Benign Breast Disease.

Introduction: Females seeking medical attention at breast clinics commonly present with nonmalignant breast conditions, including nonspecific breast pain or distinct masses like fibroadenomas. Due to its variability, it may be difficult to quantify breast pain. The purpose of the research was to compare centchroman and evening primrose oil to identify a cost-effective, secure, and efficient treatment for benign breast disease. Material and Methods: In this prospective hospital-based observational study, 100 breast diseases with or without lumpiness for 1 year were included and divided into two groups with 50 cases each, Group-A (Centchroman) and Group-B (Evening primrose oil). Results: Centchroman exhibited a significantly greater treatment response for alleviating pain-free mastalgia compared to evening primrose oil. Additionally, centchroman showed an excellent response (P < .05). Among participants with mastalgia, centchroman significantly reduced the number of mastalgia patients with tender nodularity post-treatment (P = .035) than evening primrose oil. On the basis of fibroadenoma, partial and complete response was significantly seen in higher number of cases in the centchroman group (P = .007). Conclusion: Centchroman therapy demonstrates that the treatment for benign breast disease is safe, effective, and economical.

A survey of breastfeeding among women with previous surgery for benign breast disease: a descriptive exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the primary treatment for benign breast disease and causes some disruption to the normal physiology of the breast, even when this disruption is localised, it remains unclear whether it affects women's ability to breastfeed. There are only a few studies describing the experience of breastfeeding in women who have undergone benign breast disease (BBD) surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from patients aged 20-40 years in Guangdong, China, who underwent breast lumpectomy for BBD in our department between 01 January 2013 and 30 June 2019, with a follow-up date of 01 February 2022. Patients were included who had a history of childbirth between the time of surgery and the follow-up date. By collecting general information about this group of patients and information about breastfeeding after surgery, we described the breastfeeding outcomes of women of a fertile age who had previously undergone surgery for benign breast disease. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 5.9 years, a total of 333 patients met the inclusion criteria. From the breastfeeding data of the first child born postoperatively, the mean duration of 'exclusive breastfeeding' was 5.1 months, and the mean duration of 'any breastfeeding' was 8.8 months. The rate of 'ever breastfeeding' is 91.0%, which is lower than the national average of 93.7%, while the exclusive breastfeeding rate at six months was 40.8%, was higher than the 29.2% national average. The any breastfeeding rate at 12 months was 30.0%, which was well below the 66.5% national average. The common reason for early breastfeeding cessation was insufficient breast milk. A total of 29.0% of patients who had ever breastfed after surgery voluntarily reduced the frequency and duration of breastfeeding on the operated breast because of the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: There are some impacts of BBD surgery on breastfeeding and some may be psychological. Institutions should provide more facilities for mothers who have undergone breast surgery to help them breastfeed, such as conducting community education on breastfeeding after breast surgery, training professional postoperative lactation consultants in hospitals, and extending maternity leave. Families should encourage mothers to breastfeed with both breasts instead of only the non-operated breast.

Innovative technique for managing extreme relapsing bilateral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) in a young woman: A case report highlighting a novel intervention in reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a rare breast stromal lesion that typically manifests clinically as a palpable unilateral, painless lump that is freely movable and has a rubbery or firm consistency. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a core needle biopsy (CNB) or surgical excision. Treatment options include medical treatment with hormonal management for asymptomatic patients or local excision and breast reduction in rare cases. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported the case of a 24-year-old woman with a history of taking contraceptive pills for about a year. Examination revealed extremely enlarged, sore, and swollen breasts, particularly the right side, marking her third PASH relapse. The patient underwent a surgical skin-reducing mastectomy (SRM) using a novel technique with an immediate prepectoral implant covered by a dermal flap to reconstruct the breast shape due to the large PASH lesions and aiming for optimal cosmetic outcomes. The procedure was complication-free with no recurrence after 18 months of follow-up. DISCUSSION: Mastectomy followed by immediate implantation offers benefits such as prompt restoration of breast shape with fewer surgeries. CONCLUSION: This case report highlights the successful use of immediate implantation in reconstructing large recurrent benign breast diseases. The outcomes indicate that immediate implantation shows promise as a suitable choice for carefully selected patients managing large, relapsing bilateral benign breast diseases. However, due to common complications such as infection and implant loss, it is not generally recommended for benign lesions. The decision should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the size, recurrence, and individual suitability.

Fibrocystic Change.

Fibrocystic changes are commonly seen in clinically symptomatic patients and during imaging workup of screening-detected findings. The term "fibrocystic changes" encompasses a broad spectrum of specific benign pathologic entities. Recognition of classically benign findings of fibrocystic changes, including cysts and layering calcifications, can prevent unnecessary follow-ups and biopsies. Imaging findings such as solid masses, nonlayering calcifications, and architectural distortion may require core needle biopsy for diagnosis. In these cases, understanding the varied appearances of fibrocystic change aids determination of radiologic-pathologic concordance. Management of fibrocystic change is typically conservative.

Hormone therapy in women with benign breast disease - What little is known and suggestions for clinical implementation.

Benign breast disease encompasses a spectrum of lesions within the breast. While some lesions pose no increase in risk, others may elevate the likelihood of developing breast cancer by four- to five-fold. This necessitates a personalized approach to screening and lifestyle optimization for women. The menopausal transition is a critical time for the development of benign breast lesions. Increased detection can be attributed to the heightened precision and utilization of screening mammography, with or without the use of supplemental imaging. While it is widely acknowledged that combined hormone therapy involving estrogen and progesterone may elevate the risk of breast cancer, data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) indicates that estrogen-alone therapies may actually reduce the overall risk of cancer. Despite this general understanding, there is a notable gap in information regarding the impact of hormone therapy on the risk profile of women with specific benign breast lesions. This review comprehensively examines various benign breast lesions, delving into their pathophysiology and management. The goal is to enhance our understanding of when and how to judiciously prescribe hormone therapy, particularly in the context of specific benign breast conditions. By bridging this knowledge gap, the review provides valuable insights into optimizing healthcare strategies for women with benign breast disease, and offers a foundation for more informed decision-making regarding hormone therapy.

Multiplicity of benign breast disease lesions and breast cancer risk in African American women.

The risk of developing subsequent breast cancer is higher in women diagnosed with benign breast disease (BBD) but these studies were primarily performed in non-Hispanic white populations. Still, these estimates have been used to inform breast cancer risk models that are being used clinically across all racial and ethnic groups. Given the high breast cancer mortality rates among African American (AA) women, it is critical to study BBD in this population, to ensure the risk models that include this information perform adequately. This study utilized data from AA women who underwent benign breast biopsies at a hospital served by the University Pathology Group in Detroit, Michigan, from 1998 to 2010. Patients were followed for subsequent breast cancers through the population-based Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System (MDCSS). BBD lesion scores were assigned to represent the severity or extent of benign breast lesions, with higher scores indicating a greater number of distinct lesion types. Of 3,461 eligible AA women with BBD in the cohort, 6.88% (n=238) subsequently developed breast cancer. Examined individually, six of the eleven lesions (apocrine metaplasia, ductal hyperplasia, lobular hyperplasia, intraductal papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, columnar alterations and radial scars) were significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer after adjustment for age and year of biopsy and were further considered in multiple lesion models. For every different type of benign breast lesion, subsequent risk of breast cancer increased by 25% (RR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42) after adjustment for age at biopsy and proliferative versus non-proliferative disease. In summary, this study affirms the increased breast cancer risk in AA women with BBD, particularly in those with multiple lesions. These findings have implications for the management of breast cancer risk in millions of women affected by BBD, a high risk group that could benefit from personalized surveillance and risk reduction strategies.

Associations of reproductive breast cancer risk factors with expression of stem cell markers in benign breast tissue.

Background: We investigated the associations of reproductive factors known to influence breast cancer risk with the expression of breast stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 in benign breast biopsy samples. Methods: We included 439 cancer-free women with biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. The data on reproductive and other breast cancer risk factors were obtained from biennial questionnaires. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays. For each core, the IHC expression was assessed using a semi-automated platform and expressed as % of cells that stained positive for a specific marker out of the total cell count. Generalized linear regression was used to examine the associations of reproductive factors with a log-transformed expression of each marker (in epithelium and stroma), adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors. Results: In multivariate analysis, the time between menarche and age at first birth was inversely associated with CD44 in epithelium (ß per 5 years = -0.38, 95% CI -0.69; -0.06). Age at first birth and the time between menarche and age at first birth were inversely associated with ALDH1A1 (stroma: ß per 5 years = -0.43, 95% CI -0.76; -0.10 and ß = -0.47, 95% CI -0.79; -0.15, respectively; epithelium: ß = -0.15, 95% CI -0.30; -0.01 and ß = -0.17, 95% CI -0.30; -0.03, respectively). Time since last pregnancy was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 (ß per 5 years = -0.55, 95% CI -0.98; -0.11). No associations were found for CD24. The observed associations were similar in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, lifetime duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with stromal ALDH1A1 expression (ß for ≥24 vs. 0 to <1 months = -2.24, 95% CI 3.96; -0.51, p-trend = 0.01). Conclusion: Early-life reproductive factors may influence CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression in benign breast tissue.

Double blind randomized controlled trial of efficacy of ormeloxifene for the treatment of fibroadenoma (The FIBROCENT study).

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effectiveness of Ormeloxifene (Centchroman) on regression of Fibroadenoma in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Patients with biopsy proven Fibroadenoma were enrolled between March 2023 and October 2023 and divided in two arms- Ormeloxifene group and Placebo group. Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated using USG. No residual mass was defined as complete regression and more than 30% decrease in size was considered as partial regression. RESULTS: A total of 130 consecutive patients with Fibroadenoma were randomized to Ormeloxifene group (n = 65) and Placebo Group (n = 65). Complete regression was observed in 9% (6/65) patients in Ormeloxifene group and 10.8% (7/65) in Placebo Group at the end of 12 weeks (p = 0.49). Twenty one patients taking Ormeloxifene reported adverse events as compared to none in the other group. CONCLUSION: In our study Ormeloxifene was not found to be effective in treatment of fibroadenoma and had concerning side effects.

Temporal changes in mammographic breast density and breast cancer risk among women with benign breast disease.

INTRODUCTION: Benign breast disease (BBD) and high mammographic breast density (MBD) are prevalent and independent risk factors for invasive breast cancer. It has been suggested that temporal changes in MBD may impact future invasive breast cancer risk, but this has not been studied among women with BBD. METHODS: We undertook a nested case-control study within a cohort of 15,395 women with BBD in Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW; 1970-2012, followed through mid-2015). Cases (n = 261) developed invasive breast cancer > 1 year after BBD diagnosis, whereas controls (n = 249) did not have breast cancer by the case diagnosis date. Cases and controls were individually matched on BBD diagnosis age and plan membership duration. Standardized %MBD change (per 2 years), categorized as stable/any increase (≥ 0%), minimal decrease of less than 5% or a decrease greater than or equal to 5%, was determined from baseline and follow-up mammograms. Associations between MBD change and breast cancer risk were examined using adjusted unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 64.5% (n = 329) of BBD patients had non-proliferative and 35.5% (n = 181) had proliferative disease with/without atypia. Women with an MBD decrease (≤ - 5%) were less likely to develop breast cancer (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.64; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.38, 1.07) compared with women with minimal decreases. Associations were stronger among women ≥ 50 years at BBD diagnosis (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.25, 0.92) and with proliferative BBD (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.11, 0.99). DISCUSSION: Assessment of temporal MBD changes may inform risk monitoring among women with BBD, and strategies to actively reduce MBD may help decrease future breast cancer risk.

Triglyceride-glucose index is a risk factor for breast cancer in China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This research delved into the association between the risk of the Chinese population suffering from breast cancer (BC) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. METHODS: A total of 2,111 sufferers with benign breast disease (BBD) and 477 sufferers with BC were enrolled, and their TyG index was measured. Participants with varying TyG index values were categorized into quartiles. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between the TyG index and BC risk. The diagnostic performance of the TyG index for different stages of BC was measured using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The TyG index of BC sufferers exceeded that of BBD (P < 0.001). A continuous increase in the risk of BC was found to be positively correlated with an ever-increasing TyG index. In the unadjusted model, the risk of getting BC mounted with quartiles of the TyG index growing (P < 0.001). In a logistic regression analysis that included all confounders, the highest quartile of the TyG index was strongly linked to BC risk [1.43 (1.01, 2.02), P < 0.05]. Moreover, with the adjustment of potential confounders, a high TyG index was found to result in a 2.53-fold higher risk of being diagnosed with advanced BC. CONCLUSIONS: The risen TyG index was positively correlated to the heightening risk of BC and had the potential to serve as a promising biomarker for BC. Individuals with a high TyG index ought to be mindful of the heightened risk of BC onset and progression.

Benign breast disease and breast cancer risk in African women: a case-control study.

PURPOSE: To examine the association between benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer (BC) in a heterogeneous population of African women. METHODS: BC cases and controls were enrolled in three sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Uganda, between 1998 and 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between BBD and BC. Risk factors dually associated with BBD and BC were selected. Using a parametric mediation analysis model, we assessed if selected BC risk factors were mediated by BBD. RESULTS: Of 6,274 participants, 55.6% (3,478) were breast cancer cases. 360 (5.7%) self-reported BBD. Fibroadenoma (46.8%) was the most commonly reported BBD. Women with a self-reported history of BBD had greater odds of developing BC than those without (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.47, 95% CI 1.13-1.91). Biopsy-confirmed BBD was associated with BC (aOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.26-4.02). BBD did not significantly mediate the effects of any of the selected BC risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, BBD was associated with BC and did not significantly mediate the effects of selected BC risk factors.

Imiquimod as a new treatment in refractory idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: report of two cases.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory lesion of the breast that mimics breast cancer or infection. Immunological pathogenesis is strongly suggested for the disease. REASON FOR THE REPORT: The treatment remains controversial, comprising a spectrum from observation or NSAIDs to immunosuppressive agents and surgery. Intractable cases are not uncommon and represent a major treatment challenge. Therefore in this study, we examine the effect of a topical immunomodulator agent, imiquimod, on refractory IGM. Patient 1 had IGM for 9 months and had not responded to the existing treatments. She responded to a 7-week course of imiquimod. In patient 2, the disease had begun 4 months sooner and had been resistant to all treatments; it responded to imiquimod after 4 weeks. Ulcers appeared on the skin of both patients but resolved safely. OUTCOME: Both patients were very satisfied with the results. Imiquimod can be an appropriate local treatment with limited adverse effects in refractory IGM. We propose similar studies to assess the efficacy of imiquimod in IGM further, paying attention to the possibility of developing skin wounds.

Serum miR-181а and miR-25 Levels in Patients with Breast Cancer or Benign Breast Disease.

Circulating miR-181а and miR-25, which reflect regulation of the expression of carcinogenesis-related genes, were assayed in patients with invasive carcinoma of no specific type (ICNT) or benign breast diseases (BBDs) and in subjects without pathologies of the mammary gland (controls). miR-181а expression level proved to be higher compared to control in patients with fibroadenoma and adenosis with low, but not high, risk of malignant transformation, as well as in patients with luminal HER2-negative type B (Lum B HER2-), HER2-positive type (HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than in the controls and luminal-type (Lum A) breast cancer. MiR-25 expression level prevailed in patients with Lum B HER2- compared to control, Lum A, and TNBC patients compared to Lum A. Thus, miR-181а and miR-25 expression levels may be risk indicators of malignant transformation in some patients with BBD, whereas in patients with ICNT, these levels reflect pathological processes of different directions within the tumor.

Differences in Diagnosis and Treatment of Nipple Conditions of Reproductive-Age Women at a Tertiary Health System.

Background: Nipple-areolar complex (NAC) conditions affect reproductive-age women, yet it is not known how care of NAC complaints is distributed among medical specialties. There is a need to characterize all NAC conditions, including their treatment and the care team involved in their clinical management, of nonlactating and lactating patients to determine care gaps. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of reproductive-age females who presented to a large tertiary health system with an NAC complaint between 2015 and 2020. Data about the symptoms, diagnosis, specialty providing care, diagnostic considerations, and treatments were collected. Results: Nipple pain, dermatitis, and thrush were the most common diagnoses among 407 encounters (215 patients). Lactating patients represented half (204, 50%) of the study sample. Benign breast conditions like obstructed ductal openings, accessory nipples, nipple growth, inverted nipples, and chronic and bacterial infections represented a third of all encounters. Primary care physicians (167, 41%) and obstetricians (105, 26%) provided most of the care and referred a third and quarter of patients, respectively, to another provider. Conclusion: The care of patients with NAC complaints is not limited to obstetricians. Internal medicine, family medicine, emergency medicine, and obstetrician-gynecology, dermatology, and surgery resident physicians should receive training in benign breast conditions and clinical lactation.

Fatty acid profiles and Delta9 desaturase (stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SCD 1) expression in adipose tissue surrounding benign and malignant breast tumors.

The progression of tumors occurs through interactions between the tumor and the stroma. Understanding the role of adipose tissue (AT), as the main component of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) in the development of cancer, is crucial for the early detection of breast cancer (BC). This study compared the FA profiles, desaturase index (DI), and stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) mRNA levels in the AT that surrounds tumors in women with BC and benign breast disease (BBD). Specimens were collected from 40 Iranian women who had undergone breast surgery. These women were age- and BMI-matched and were divided into two groups: BC (n = 20) and BBD (n = 20). Gas chromatography and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze the FA profiles and SCD1 mRNA levels, respectively. The DI was calculated by dividing the amounts of monounsaturated FAs by the amount of saturated FA. There were no significant differences in age and BMI between women with BC and BBD. The FA profiles and DI were also similar in both groups. However, mRNA levels of SCD1 were found to be 5 times higher in the breast AT of BC than in the breast AT of BBD (p < 0.0001). We showed that SCD1 was significantly upregulated in the AT surrounding BC tumors, even though the DI and FA profiles were unchanged compared to those in the AT of BBD patients. It is important to note that the breast AT of women with BBD has previously been overlooked and warrants further studies.

Outcomes of Vacuum-Assisted Beast Biopsy for Management of Benign Breast Masses.

INTRODUCTION: The triple assessment, which combines a clinical examination, radiological imaging, and pathology, is used to assess the breast mass. The open excision of the suspicious lesion is the gold standard for breast biopsy techniques. However, because an excisional biopsy always results in a scar, many surgeons are considering less invasive, alternative methods due to the cost and morbidity of this operation. Image-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy has recently gained popularity in identifying palpable and non-palpable breast lesions. Vacuum- assisted breast biopsy (VABB) was created to address some of these limitations of core-needle biopsy. METHODOLOGY: We performed a retrospective review of 38 patients who underwent VABB.To Report the recurrence one-year post-VABB for management of benign breast masses and To evaluate patient-reported cosmetic satisfaction using the cosmetic scale. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was about 30.34 (±10.11) years. The average size of breast masses was 1.23 (±0.83) cm. The recurrence rate was 13.16%, confirmed by follow up ultrasound and all these patients underwent excisional biopsy. There were significant differences in breast mass recurrence rate by the side affected. Recurrence was more likely in right-sided breast masses (P=0.048).In our study, no significant relationships between the occurrence of complications following surgery and patients 'demographics and mass features and no infection were reported. The hematoma was reported in 2 patients 5.26 %, Mild induration at the site of surgery 2 patients 5.26 %, Small contusion at the site of surgery in one patient 2.63 % and no other complication was reported. The patient's cosmetic satisfaction using the cosmetic scale from 1-5,1: not satisfied,2:low satisfaction,3:mild satisfaction,4:moderate satisfaction,5; completely satisfied, The mean cosmetic score was 4.03. CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that VABB is reliable for removing small benign breast masses with a satisfying cosmetic outcome &low recurrence rate, and fewer complications.

Benign breast disease and breast cancer risk in African women: A case-control study.

Purpose: To examine the association between benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer (BC) in a heterogeneous population of African women. Methods: BC cases and matched controls were enrolled in three sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria Cameroon, and Uganda, between 1998-2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between BBD and BC. Risk factors dually associated with BBD and BC were selected. Using a parametric mediation analysis model, we assessed if selected BC risk factors were mediated by BBD. Results: Of 6418 participants, 55.7% (3572) were breast cancer cases. 360 (5.7%) self-reported BBD. Fibroadenoma (46.8%) was the most reported BBD. Women with a self-reported history of BBD had greater odds of developing BC than those without (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.13-1.91). Biopsy-confirmed BBD was associated with BC (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.78-5.44). BBD did not significantly mediate the effects of any of the selected BC risk factors. Conclusions: In this study, BBD was associated with BC and did not significantly mediate the effects of selected BC risk factors.

DOG-1 as a Myoepithelial Marker in Discriminating Invasive Breast Carcinomas From Non-Invasive Breast Lesions.

Introduction The most common cancer in women is, by far, breast cancer. The incidence and mortality of breast cancer must be reduced by a multidisciplinary strategy that includes education campaigns, preventive measures, screening programmes for early diagnosis, and the availability of treatment facilities. The use of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains with relative specificity for myoepithelial markers has become a mainstay of standard diagnostic breast pathology because the presence and distribution of myoepithelial cells might differ greatly amongst the distinct breast proliferation. Although it has also been reported that DOG1 is expressed in other mesenchymal tumours, DOG1 has been demonstrated to be sensitive and specific for the detection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Both myoepithelial cells (MECs) and luminal epithelial cells have occasionally displayed DOG1 immunoreactivity in the breast. Materials and methods This prospective cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad on 60 cases from June 2017 to June 2019. Female patients with different breast lesions including benign proliferating lesions, ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS), and invasive carcinoma breast cases were included in the study. Inflammatory lesions, mesenchymal, and metastatic tumors were excluded. IHC expression of DOG1 as a myoepithelial marker to discriminate invasive from non-invasive breast lesions was evaluated and correlated with clinicopathological features. Results The mean age of the study population was 33.67 ± 8.48 in the benign group and 54.43 ± 12.84 in the malignant group. Fifty percent (15) of the patients with benign lesions belonged to the age group 20-30 years, whereas 26.7% (8) of the patients with malignant lesions belonged to the age group 61-70 years. DOG-1 expression was strongly positive in fibroadenoma, ductal hyperplasia, fibrocystic disease, whereas strongly negative in malignant disease of the breast (p < 0.0001). P63 expression was strongly positive in benign breast diseases and strongly negative in malignant diseases (p < 0.0001). Conclusion DOG1 seems to be similar to p63 as a myoepithelial cell marker both in normal breast tissue and in benign lesions. DOG1 is strongly positive in benign breast diseases and strongly negative in malignant breast diseases. Hence, it can be considered as a useful myoepithelial marker in differentiating invasive breast carcinoma and non-invasive breast lesions.