Impaired intratumoral dendritic cell function and potential predictive value of dendritic cells markers for metastasis in malignant salivary gland tumors

Background: The differentiation between primary and metastatic salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) helps in determining appropriate management strategies, including the need for additional diagnostic tests, surveillance, or aggressive treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the immature and mature dendritic cells (DCs) in metastatic and no metastatic SGNs and determine its association with clinicopathological findings. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study that includes 33 malignant salivary gland neoplasms [MSGN (6, 18.1% metastatic)], and 22 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), as a control group. Clinical and histopathological characteristics were obtained. Immunohistochemistry for human leukocyte antigen Drelated (HLA-DR), CD1a, CD83, and Ki-67 proteins was done. Positive intra- and peritumoral DCs were counted. Results: Individuals with MSGN had a lower density of intratumoral HLA-DR+ cells than those with PA (p=0.001), Ki-67 immunostaining was significantly higher in MSGN than in PA (6% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001). Metastatic MSGN showed less intratumoral CD1a+ than non-metastatic (3.2 vs. 165.1, p=0.001). No differences in intra- and peritumoral CD83+ cells were found between benign and malignant SGN. Conclusions: These results suggest that the immune-protective function of intratumoral DCs is compromised in MSGNs. DCs markers may represent useful prediction tools for metastases in salivary gland malignancies, with crucial implications in the implementation of appropriate disease management strategies. (AU)

Decreased CD1a + and CD83 + cells in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma regardless of HPV status

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in the immune response against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and represent a therapeutic target in cancer. Objective: To identify and quantify DCs in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) under the influence of HPV infection. Methodology: CD1a and CD83 antibodies were used to identify immature dendritic cells and mature dendritic cells by immunohistochemistry in 33 primary TSCC and 10 normal tonsils (NTs), respectively. For the TSCC samples, the number of DCs per area was evaluated in the intra- and peritumoral compartments. For the NTs, the quantification of DCs was evaluated in the intra- and peritonsillar compartments. HPV detection methods were determined according to the ASCO Clinical Practice Guidelines from the College of American Pathologists Guideline (2018). Results: There were fewer intratumoral CD1a+ DCs in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC groups than in the NT group (p<0.05). In the peritumoral compartment, there were fewer CD83+ DCs in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC groups than in the NT group (p<0.001). The quantification of DCs subtypes showed no statistical differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC groups (p>0.137). Patients with HPV-positive TSCC had significantly better overall survival rate than those with HPV-negative TSCC (p=0.004). Conclusion: Tumor activity contributes to DC depletion regardless of intralesional HPV positivity. An improved prognosis has been reported in patients with HPV-positive TSCC.

A Case of Gastric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Spontaneous Regression

A 44-year-old male was followed-up with esophagogastroduodenoscopy due to an esophageal submucosal tumor. On the lesser curvature of the gastric low body, a 0.5 cm sized round elevated lesion with hyperemia was noticed. Two pieces of biopsy were taken from this lesion for histopathologic examination. Histology showed Langerhans cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD1a antigen, which confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. There was no evidence of other organ involvement. The lesions spontaneously disappeared 4 months later without any treatment. We report a very rare case of gastric Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Colonic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as an Isolated Polyp / 대한내과학회지

A 56-year-old male underwent a screening colonoscopy. An 8-mm sessile polyp was removed from the descending colon using snare polypectomy. Histology showed Langerhans cells and eosinophil infiltration of the submucosa. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for S-100 protein and CD1a antigen, which confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. On further workup, there was no evidence of involvement of any other organs. Here, we report a very rare case of colonic Langerhans-cell histiocytosis presenting as an isolated polyp.

Langerhans Cell Sarcoma Arising in a Lymph Node: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a case of Langerhans cell sarcoma presented as a solitary mass in the left supraclavicular area in a 31-year-old woman. Computed tomography revealed a relatively well-defined and lightly enhancing mass in the left supraclavicular area, measuring 5.5x4.5x3.2 cm. Excision was subsequently performed. Microscopically, the specimen consisted of an enlarged and partially effaced lymph node. Nests of different size composed of atypical tumor cells were located in the paracortex and the medulla of the lymph node. The tumor cells exhibited abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and displayed marked nuclear atypia and increased mitotic figures. Infiltration of many eosinophils was identified in the periphery and between the tumor cells. The tumor cells were reactive for CD1a and S100 protein. Ultrastructually, they were found to have Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm.