Alunos canhotos de odontologia da cidade de Uberlândia: perfil, ergonomia e dores osteomusculares / Left-handed dentistry students in the city of Uberlândia: profile, ergonomics and muscular pain

Os dentistas são um grupo de alto risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças de desordens musculoesqueléticas e tendo em vista que o sistema de produção industrial desenvolve produtos que atendem a maioria da população destra, os estudantes canhotos precisam se adequar a uma formação acadêmica, usando instrumentais, cadeiras odontológicas eoutros objetos projetados para destros. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a coletade informações sobre os canhotos nos cursos de Odontologia da cidade de Uberlândia ­Minas Gerais. Foram incluídos todos os alunos canhotos matriculados no ano de 2022 e que estavam cursando ou já cursaram disciplinas com atividades laboratoriais ou clínicas. Questionários foram aplicados para identificação do perfil, das dificuldades, da ergonomia e das dores osteomusculares dos alunos canhotos em suas atividades. Os dados foram em seguida tabulados e passaram por análise estatística. Da quantidade total de alunos das três instituições (n=1.578), foram entrevistados 45 (2,8%) alunos canhotos, sendo a maioria feminina (80%), na qual identificou-se um posicionamento inadequado do operador canhoto quando comparado ao preconizado pela ISO-FDI, além da limitação de movimento na presença de auxiliar (82,2%). Os locais com maior frequência de dor/desconforto foram: pescoço (79%), costas superior esquerda (63%) e inferior esquerda (61%) e punhos/ mãos esquerda (56%). A intensidade da dor variou entre alguma, moderada e bastante. O impedimento de realizar atividades diárias foi relatado por 17% dos alunos (n=7) e destes somente 1 buscou atendimento médico. Não houve diferença estatística na comparação entre instituição pública e privada. Diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que os canhotos representam minoria dos alunos de Odontologia e apresentam várias regiões de dor/ desconforto devido às adaptações e posturas erradas durante os atendimentos. Apesar de grande parte apresentar dor, poucos tiveram impedimento de atividades rotineiras ou procuraram ajuda médica(AU)

Dentists are a high risk group for the development of musculoskeletal disorders and considering that the industrial production system develops products that serve the majority of the right-handed population, lefthanded students need to adapt to an academic training, using instruments, dental chairs and other objects designed for right-handers. This study aimed to collect information about left-handers in Dentistry courses in the city of Uberlândia - Minas Gerais. All left- handed students enrolled in the year 2022 and who were taking or had taken courses with laboratory or clinical activities were included. Questionnaires were applied to identify the profile, difficulties, ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain of left-handed students in their activities. The data were tabulated and then undergo statistical analysis. Of the total number of students from the three institutions (n=1,578), 45 (2.8%) left-handed students were interviewed, the majority being female (80%), in which an inadequate positioning of the left-handed operator was identified when compared to the recommended one by ISO-FDI, in addition to limitation of movement in the presence of an assistant (82.2%). The places with the highest frequency of pain/discomfort were: neck (79%), upper left back (63%) and lower left back (61%) and left wrists/hands (56%). The intensity of pain varied between some, moderate and a lot. The impediment to carrying out daily activities was reported by 17% of the students (n=7) and of these, only 1 sought medical attention. There was no statistical difference when comparing public and private institutions. In view of the results, it was concluded that left-handers represent a minority of dentistry students and have several regions of pain/discomfort due to adaptations and wrong postures during consultations. Although most of them had pain, few were prevented from performing routine activities or sought medical help(AU)

The esophageal pull-down technique improves the outcome of laparoscopic Heller-Dor myotomy in end-stage achalasia.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of patients with end-stage achalasia with a sigmoid-shaped esophagus is particularly challenging. A modified technique (pull-down technique) has been developed to straighten the esophageal axis, but only a limited number of studies on this topic are available in the literature. This study aimed to compare the outcome of patients who underwent the pull-down technique with that of patients who had a classical laparoscopic Heller-Dor (CLHD) myotomy. METHODS: All patients with a radiologic diagnosis of end-stage achalasia who underwent an LHD myotomy between 1995 and 2022 were considered eligible for the study. All patients underwent symptom score, barium swallow, endoscopy, and manometry tests before and after the procedure was performed. Treatment failure was defined as the persistence or reoccurrence of an Eckardt score (ES) of >3 or the need for retreatment. RESULTS: Of the 94 patients who were diagnosed with end-stage achalasia (male-to-female ratio of 52:42), 60 were treated with CLHD myotomy, and 34 were treated with the pull-down technique. Of note, 2 patients (2.1%), both belonging to the CLHD myotomy group, developed a squamous cell carcinoma during the follow-up. The overall success of LHD myotomy was seen in 76 of 92 patients (82.6%). All patients in both groups achieved a lower ES after surgery. The failure rates were 27.6% (16/58) in the CLHD myotomy group and 5.9% (2/34) in the pull-down technique group (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that LHD myotomy is an effective treatment of end-stage achalasia and that the pull-down technique further improves the outcome in patients with end-stage achalasia who are difficult to treat.

Maternal treatment with a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist during gestation has a sex-specific pro-cognitive action in offspring: mechanisms involved.

Background: There is growing evidence that the treatment of several mental disorders can potentially benefit from activation of delta-opioid receptors. In the future, delta-agonists with a safe pharmacological profile can be used for the treatment of mood disorders in pregnant women. However, the data on prenatal exposure to delta-opioid agonists are missing. The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the activation of delta-opioid receptors during gravidity has positive effects on the behaviour accompanied by changes in glutamate and monoamine neurotransmission. Methods: Gestating Wistar rats were chronically treated with a selective delta-agonist SNC80 or vehicle. Adult male and female offspring underwent novel object recognition (for the assessment of cognition) and open field (for the assessment of anxiety and habituation) tests, followed by in vivo electrophysiological examination of the activity of hippocampal glutamate and midbrain serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine neurons. Results: We found that the maternal treatment with SNC80 did not affect the offspring's anxiety, habituation, and 5-HT neuronal firing activity. Female offspring of SNC80-treated dams exhibited improved novelty recognition associated with decreased firing rate and burst activity of glutamate and dopamine neurons. Conclusion: Maternal treatment with delta-opioid agonists during gestation may have a pro-cognitive effect on offspring without any negative effects on anxiety and habituation. The putative pro-cognitive effect might be mediated via mechanism(s) involving the firing activity of hippocampal glutamate and mesolimbic dopamine neurons.

Relative Age Effect Analysis in the History of the Ballon d'Or (1956-2023).

Ballon d'Or is the most important individual award in football, and is a significant measure of excellence. From our knowledge, this is the first study that explored the relative age effect (RAE) throughout the history of the Ballon d'Or. A total of 1899 football players nominated for the award from the first edition in 1956 to the most recent edition (2023) were analyzed. To assess the RAE, the birthdate distributions were categorized into four trimesters. The comparison involved correcting for the uniform distribution using chi-square analysis, with Cramer's V serving as a measure of effect size. Standardized residuals were computed to identify quarters that exhibited significant deviation from the expected values. Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals were used to identify discrepancies between trimesters. The results indicated a pronounced presence of an RAE at the global level. However, the longitudinal analysis revealed variations in the behavior of the RAE over time. In the initial decades, there is an overrepresentation of players born in the last months of the year. Subsequently, there is no discernible RAE. In the most recent decades, there has been a clear resurgence of RAE, with an overrepresentation of players born in the first quarters of the year.

Sudden-Onset Back Pain and Intermittent Dyspnea While Eating: A Case of Pediatric Achalasia.

A 14-year-old girl with a history of asthma was hospitalized because of sudden-onset back pain around her thoracic region that spread to her chest and abdomen. She had been experiencing dysphagia and breathing difficulties for two years, especially after overeating, which often resulted in vomiting undigested food. CT imaging revealed a severely dilated esophagus narrowing at the gastroesophageal junction, suggestive of type 1 achalasia. Further testing confirmed the diagnosis, with an esophageal manometry showing a lack of esophageal contractions and sphincter relaxation. She then underwent a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with relief to her symptoms. This case underscores the rarity of pediatric-onset achalasia with significant esophageal dilation and secondary airway compression, presenting with unusual musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent worsening and complications.

Semaphorin 3A Increases in the Plasma of Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Who Respond Better to Controlled Ovarian Stimulation.

Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) plays a crucial role in the development, differentiation, and plasticity of specific types of neurons that secrete Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and regulates the acquisition and maintenance of reproductive competence in humans and mice. Its insufficient expression has been linked to reproductive disorders in humans, which are characterized by reduced or failed sexual competence. Various mutations, polymorphisms, and alternatively spliced variants of SEMA3A have been associated with infertility. One of the common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age is diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), characterized by a reduced ovarian follicular pool. Despite its clinical significance, there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria or therapeutic interventions for DOR. In this study, we analyzed the SEMA3A plasma levels in 77 women and investigated their potential role in influencing fertility in patients with DOR. The results revealed that the SEMA3A levels were significantly higher in patients with DOR than in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the SEMA3A levels were increased in patients who underwent fertility treatment and had positive Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (ßHCG) values (ß+) after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) compared to those who had negative ßHCG values (ß-). These findings may serve as the basis for future investigations into the diagnosis of infertility and emphasize new possibilities for the SEMA3A-related treatment of sexual hormonal dysfunction that leads to infertility.

Role of modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in patients with achalasia who underwent laparoscopic Heller-myotomy with Dor-fundoplication.

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammatory response is significant prognostic indicator in patients with various diseases. The relationship between prognostic scoring systems based on the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and achalasia in patients treated with laparoscopic Heller­myotomy with Dor­fundoplication (LHD) remains uninvestigated. This study aimed to examine the role of mGPS in patients with achalasia. METHODS: 457 patients with achalasia who underwent LHD as the primary surgery between September 2005 and December 2020 were included. We divided patients into the mGPS 0 and mGPS 1 or 2 groups and compared the patients' background, pathophysiology, symptoms, surgical outcomes, and postoperative course. RESULTS: mGPS was 0 in 379 patients and 1 or 2 in 78 patients. Preoperative vomiting and pneumonia were more common in patients with mGPS of 1 or 2. There were no differences in surgical outcomes. Postoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed that severe esophagitis was more frequently observed in patients with mGPS of 1 or 2 (P < 0.01). The clinical success was 91% and 99% in the mGPS 0 and mGPS 1 or 2 groups, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although severe reflux esophagitis was more common in patients with achalasia with a high mGPS, good clinical success was obtained regardless of the preoperative mGPS.

Falta de conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco não ocupacionais da dor lombar entre profissionais de saúde ocupacional brasileiros: um estudo observacional transversal / Lack of knowledge about non-occupational low back pain risk factors among brazilian occupational health professionals: a cross-sectional observational study

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor lombar possui alta prevalência, sendo uma das principais causas de incapacidade no Brasil e no mundo. A dor lombar apresenta etiologia multifatorial, sendo extremamente comum em trabalhadores. OBJETIVOS: Verificar o conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco para dor lombar, crenças e atitudes sobre o manejo da dor lombar entre profissionais de saúde (fisioterapeutas e ergonomistas) atuantes na área ocupacional. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com 81 profissionais de saúde ocupacional brasileiros. Os participantes preencheram um questionário eletrônico composto por dados profissionais, sociodemográficos, itens sobre fatores de risco para dor lombar e a Brazilian version of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Conhecimentos, crenças e atitudes foram analisados por meio do teste do qui-quadrado para fatores de risco para dor lombar e um modelo de regressão linear para crenças e atitudes dos profissionais de saúde. RESULTADOS: Obesidade (7,4%), ficar sentado mais de 2 horas (8,6%), atividade física (9,9%), falta de apoio psicossocial no trabalho (11,1%) e consumo de álcool (37,0%), apresentaram os menores índices de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco da dor lombar pelos profissionais. Itens sobre saúde geral apresentaram o menor conhecimento. Uma orientação biomédica e psicossocial equilibrada de crenças e atitudes sobre o manejo da dor lombar foi observada. CONCLUSÃO: Profissionais de saúde ocupacional brasileiros carecem de conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco não ocupacionais da dor lombar, especialmente o estado geral de saúde. Esses profissionais também possuem conceitos biomédicos e psicossociais equilibrados no manejo da dor lombar.

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and is one of the main causes of disability in Brazil and around the world. LBP presents a multifactorial etiology, being extremely common in workers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify the knowledge about the LBP risk factors, beliefs and attitudes about the management of LBP among health professionals (physiotherapists and ergonomists) working in the occupational area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 81 Brazilian occupational health professionals. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire comprising professional data, sociodemographics, items about LBP risk factors, and the Brazilian version of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes were analyzed using the chi-square test for LBP risk factors and the linear regression model for health professionals' beliefs and attitudes. RESULTS: Obesity (7.4%), sitting for more than 2 hours (8.6%), physical activity (9.9%), lack of psychosocial support at work (11.1%) and consuming alcohol (37.0%) presented the lowest rate of knowledge about LBP risk factors by professionals. Items about general health showed the lowest knowledge. A balanced biomedical and psychosocial orientation of beliefs and attitudes about managing LBP was observed. CONCLUSION: Brazilian occupational health professionals lack knowledge about non-occupational LBP risk factors, especially general health status. These professionals also have balanced biomedical and psychosocial concepts in managing LBP.

Differential expression of follicular fluid exosomal microRNA in women with diminished ovarian reserve.

PURPOSE: Decreased ovarian reserve function is mainly characterized by female endocrine disorders and fertility decline. Follicular fluid (FF) exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate the function of granulosa cells (GCs). The present study explored differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). METHODS: FF was collected from 12 DOR patients and 12 healthy controls. DEmiRNAs between the two groups were identified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology and validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: A total of 592 DEmiRNAs were identified using high-throughput miRNA sequencing, of which 213 were significantly upregulated and 379 were significantly downregulated. The sequencing results were further validated by RT-qPCR. These DEmiRNA target genes were mainly involved in the cancer pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, and biological processes related to protein binding, nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. CONCLUSION: FF exosomal miRNAs are significantly differentially expressed in DOR patients versus non-DOR patients, underscoring their crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis of DOR.

Understanding the Mechanisms of Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Insights from Genetic Variants and Regulatory Factors.

Delaying childbearing age has become a trend in modern times, but it has also led to a common challenge in clinical reproductive medicine-diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Since the mechanism behind DOR is unknown and its clinical features are complex, physicians find it difficult to provide targeted treatment. Many factors affect ovarian reserve function, and existing studies have shown that genetic variants, upstream regulatory genes, and changes in protein expression levels are present in populations with reduced ovarian reserve function. However, existing therapeutic regimens often do not target the genetic profile for more individualized treatment. In this paper, we review the types of genetic variants, mutations, altered expression levels of microRNAs, and other related factors and their effects on the regulation of follicular development, as well as altered DNA methylation. We hope this review will have significant implications for the future treatment of individuals with reduced ovarian reserve.

Analysis of the metabolic profile and comorbidities in women with endometriosis before and after surgical treatment / Análise do perfil metabólico e comorbidades em mulheres com endometriose antes e depois do tratamento cirúrgico

Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of surgical treatment for endometriosis on the metabolic profile of women diagnosed with deep endometriosis. Methods: we conducted a prospective observational study with a sample of 30 women in the menacme diagnosed with deep endometriosis who underwent videolaparoscopic surgery in a reference center in Brazil between October 2020 and December 2021. A total of 30 women performed clinical and laboratory tests regarding their metabolic profile on two occasions, during preoperative tests and six months after video-laparoscopy. Results: patients had lower average levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglycerides (TGC), and Fasting Glycemia (FG) after the surgical procedure. The average TC level was 8.2% lower after surgery, LDL-c was 12.8% lower, TGC was 10.9% lower, and FG was 7.3% lower. The results showed a statistically significant difference for all these parameters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: video-laparoscopy was associated with a favorable lipid profile compared to the preoperative lipid profile, with a significant improvement in the average levels of LDL-c, HDL-c, TC, TGC, and FG. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine whether surgical treatment for endometriosis can improve the metabolic parameters of women with endometriosis and favor a lower predisposition to atherogenesis.

Objetivo: Aeste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento cirúrgico da endometriose no perfil metabólico de mulheres com diagnóstico de endometriose profunda. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional prospectivo com uma amostra de 30 mulheres na menacme, com diagnóstico de endometriose profunda, que foram submetidas à videolaparoscopia em um centro de referência no Brasil, entre outubro de 2020 e dezembro de 2021. As mulheres realizaram exames clínicos e laboratoriais quanto ao seu perfil metabólico em duas ocasiões, durante exames pré-operatórios e seis meses após a videolaparoscopia. Resultados: as pacientes apresentaram níveis médios mais baixos de Colesterol Total (CT), Colesterol de Baixa Densidade (LDL-c), Triglicerídeos (TGC) e Glicemia de Jejum (GJ) após o procedimento cirúrgico. O nível médio de CT foi 8,2% menor após a cirurgia, o LDL-c foi 12,8% menor, o TGC foi 10,9% menor e a GJ foi 7,3% menor. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa para todos esses parâmetros (p < 0,001). Conclusões: a videolaparoscopia foi associada a um perfil lipídico favorável em comparação ao perfil lipídico pré-operatório, com melhora significativa nos níveis médios de LDL-c, HDL-c, CT, TGC e GJ. Estudos de acompanhamento a longo prazo são necessários para determinar se o tratamento cirúrgico da endometriose pode melhorar os parâmetros metabólicos de mulheres com endometriose e favorecer uma menor predisposição à aterogênese.

miR-6881-3p contributes to diminished ovarian reserve by regulating granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting SMAD4.

BACKGROUND: In our previous investigation, we revealed a significant increase in the expression of microRNA-6881-3p (miR-6881-3p) in follicular fluid granulosa cells (GCs) from women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) compared to those with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). However, the role of miR-6881-3p in the development of DOR remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of miR-6881-3p in the regulation of granulosa cells (GCs) function and the pathogenesis of DOR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, we assessed the expression levels of miR-6881-3p in GCs obtained from human follicular fluid in both NOR and DOR cases and explored the correlation between miR-6881-3p expression and clinical outcomes in assisted reproduction technology (ART). Bioinformatic predictions and dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify the target gene of miR-6881-3p. Manipulation of miR-6881-3p expression was achieved through the transfection of KGN cells with miR-6881-3p mimics, inhibitor, and miRNA negative control (NC). Following transfection, we assessed granulosa cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression via flow cytometry and quantified target gene expression through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis. Finally, we examined the correlation between target gene expression levels in GCs from NOR and DOR patients and their association with ART outcomes. RESULTS: Our findings revealed elevated miR-6881-3p levels in GCs from DOR patients, which negatively correlated with ovarian reserve function and ART outcomes. We identified a direct binding interaction between miR-6881-3p and the 3'-untranslated region of the SMAD4. Transfection with miR-6881-3p mimics induced apoptosis in KGN cell. Furthermore, miR-6881-3p expression negatively correlated with both mRNA and protein levels of the SMAD4. The mRNA and protein levels of SMAD4 were notably reduced in GCs from DOR patients, and SMAD4 mRNA expression positively correlated with ART outcomes. In addition, the mRNA levels of FSHR, CYP11A1 were notably reduced after transfection with miR-6881-3p mimics in KGN cell, while LHCGR notably increased. The mRNA and protein levels of FSHR, CYP11A1 were notably reduced in GCs from DOR patients, while LHCGR notably increased. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the role of miR-6881-3p in directly targeting SMAD4 mRNA, subsequently diminishing granulosa cell viability and promoting apoptosis, and may affect steroid hormone regulation and gonadotropin signal reception in GCs. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of DOR.

Atuação do enfermeiro de suporte imediato de vida na dor torácica: realidades do interior norte de Portugal / The role of the immediate life support nurse in chest pain: realities in the northern interior of Portugal

[{"text": "A dor torácica (DTC) aguda é o sintoma comum de Síndrome Coronário Agudo (SCA), que mais frequentemente leva as pessoas a procurarem cuidados de emergência no mundo. Dois terços das mortes por eventos coronários agudos ocorrem por arritmias fatais, em ambiente pré-hospitalar. O reconhecimento rápido de sintomas é mandatório para redução da mortalidade. O Enfermeiro SIV tem um papel fundamental na a determinação do diagnóstico célere e, no tratamento adequado da pessoa com SCA. Objetivos: Visando conhecer a atuação do enfermeiro Suporte Imediato de Vida (SIV) nas ocorrências de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA, relativamente às ambulâncias SIV de dois distritos do interior norte de Portugal, delinearam-se como objetivos específicos: (i) Analisar as ativações das ambulâncias SIV para ocorrências de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA, relativamente às características sociodemográficas e geográficas; (ii) Identificar o perfil de risco cardiovascular (verificável) nas ocorrências de DTC, da pessoa com suspeita de SCA, por ambulâncias SIV; (iii) Identificar os fatores de risco cardiovasculares (FRCV) modificáveis (verificáveis) nas ocorrências de DTC, da pessoa com suspeita de SCA, por ambulância SIV; (iv) Conhecer os tempos de resposta do pré-hospitalar nos diferentes momentos do socorro, nas ocorrências de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA; (v) Analisar a atuação do Enfermeiro tendo por base, a utilização do protocolo da DTC e, complementares, por ambulância SIV; (vi) Verificar a melhoria de sintomatologia decorrente da atuação do enfermeiro SIV em ocorrência de DTC, da pessoa com suspeita de SCA; (vii) Identificar episódios de complicações ocorridas durante a atuação do enfermeiro SIV, em situações de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo, analítico transversal, de cariz quantitativo, envolvendo uma amostra por conveniência de 75 ativações para DTC, com suspeita de SCA, nas ambulâncias SIV do interior norte de Portugal, no período compreendido entre 01 junho de 2017 e o 31 de dezembro de 2018. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de um IRD concebido para o efeito. Resultados: É predominante o sexo masculino, nas ativações de DTC, com suspeita de SCA, sendo a idade média de 65,90 anos na SIV 1 e, na SIV 2 de 72,33 anos. Na SIV 2 verificou-se que, entre o sexo masculino e a idade, existe relação estatística significativa (p=0,013), apresentando este uma idade inferior (

Gestão da dor aguda pós-operatória na artroplastia da anca: eficácia analgésica do bloqueio de nervo periférico de dose única / Management of acute postoperative pain in hip arthroplasty: analgesic efficacy of single-dose peripheral nerve blocks

O Estágio Profissional visa o desenvolvimento das competências comuns e especificas para uma determinada área de especialidade, neste caso a Enfermagem de Médico-cirúrgica na área da pessoa em situação critica. As competências de investigação foram desenvolvidas com um estudo sobre a dor aguda do pós-operatório, uma vez que é um problema de saúde pública fundamentado pela sua prevalência, potenciais complicações e subtratamento. A opção pela gestão da dor aguda nos doentes submetidos a artroplastia primária da anca justificou-se por ser uma cirurgia cada vez mais comum, pela relação que se estabelece com a patologia osteoarticular degenerativa e o envelhecimento da população, e porque a dor pós-operatória associada a este procedimento se manifesta habitualmente por dor moderada a intensa. Objetivos: Analisar o processo de aquisição de competências para a prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação critica. Caracterizar os níveis de intensidade de dor (em repouso e em movimento), os efeitos adversos (bloqueio motor, sensitivo e efeitos sistémicos) e a necessidade de analgesia de resgate, em doentes submetidos a artroplastia primária da anca, com recurso a técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única; verificar a relação existente entre os níveis de intensidade de dor, os efeitos adversos, a necessidade de analgesia de resgate e de reavaliação depois das 24 horas, com as técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única; verificar a relação entre a presença de efeitos secundários sistémicos com o uso de analgesia de resgate e de analgesia sistémica. Métodos: Estudo analítico-correlacional e retrospetivo. Foram incluídos 994 doentes submetidos a Artroplastia Total Primária da Anca e submetidos a técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única [bloqueio de nervo femoral (BNF) + cutâneo lateral da coxa (CLC); bloqueio do grupo nervoso pericapsular (PENG) + Cutâneo lateral da coxa (CLC); Bloqueio da fáscia ilíaca (BFI)], seguidos numa Unidade de Dor Aguda de um hospital da região Norte, no período compreendido entre 1 de janeiro de 2013 e 15 outubro de 2023. Foram salvaguardados os princípios éticos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva e inferencial, com recurso ao programa Python Programming Language (versão 3.12). Resultados: O estágio permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências para a prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação critica. No estudo, no total de doentes, o BNF+CLC foi utilizado em 77,5%, o PENG+CLC em 14,4% e o BFI em 8,1%, todos os doentes foram avaliados às 24 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico. A maioria doentes referiu ausência de dor em repouso (82,7%) e dor ligeira em movimento (55,2%). Os principais efeitos adversos identificados foram o bloqueio sensitivo com parestesias em pequena área (13%), o bloqueio motor com ligeira diminuição da força muscular (4,9%) e as náuseas e vómitos (3,5%). Apenas 7,8% necessitaram de analgesia de resgate. As hipóteses propostas não se confirmaram, exceto uma diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparados os grupos de BNF+CLC e PENG+CLC em relação ao bloqueio sensitivo (p = 0.036) e a comparação dos grupos com administração de paracetamol e paracetamol+tramadol em relação aos efeitos adversos sistémicos (p = 0.047). Conclusão: A avaliação efetuada pelos enfermeiros da UDA, nas primeiras 24 horas após ATA, com recurso a técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única em combinação com analgesia sistémica, revela uma adequada gestão da dor aguda do pós-operatório. A necessidade de analgesia de resgate foi muito reduzida e os efeitos adversos associados à analgesia estiveram ausentes na maioria dos doentes. Os doentes submetidos a PENG+CLC apresentaram menor grau de bloqueio sensitivo do que os submetidos a BNF+CLC.

The Professional Internship aims at developing common and specific skills for a particular area of expertise, in this case, Medical-Surgical Nursing in the individual critical care setting. Research skills were developed through a study on acute postoperative pain, as it is a public health problem justified by its prevalence, potential complications, and under treatment. The choice to focus on the management of acute pain in patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty was justified due to its increasing prevalence, its relationship with degenerative osteoarticular pathology and the aging population, and because postoperative pain associated with this procedure typically manifests as moderate to severe pain. Objective: Analyse the process of acquiring skills for providing care to individuals in critical situations. Characterize the levels of pain intensity (at rest and in motion), adverse effects (motor and sensory block, systemic effects), and the need for rescue analgesia in patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty using single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques. Examine the relationship between pain intensity levels, adverse effects, the need for rescue analgesia, and reassessment after 24 hours with single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques. Investigate the correlation between the presence of systemic side effects and the use of rescue analgesia and systemic analgesia. Methodology: Analytical-correlational and retrospective study. A total of 994 patients who underwent Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty and received single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques [femoral nerve block (FNB) + Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (LFCN); Pericapsular nerve block (PENG) + Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (LFCN); Iliac fascia block (IFB)] were included in the study. These patients were followed in an Acute Pain Unit of a hospital in the Northern region between January 1, 2013, and October 15, 2023. Ethical principles were adhered to. The data underwent descriptive and inferential analysis using the Python Programming Language (version 3.12). Results: The internship allowed the development of skills for providing care to individuals in critical situations. In the study, among the total number of patients, FNB+LFCN was used in 77.5%, PENG+LFCN in 14.4%, and IFB in 8.1%. All patients were assessed 24 hours after the surgical procedure. The majority of patients reported no pain at rest (82.7%) and mild pain during movement (55.2%). The main identified adverse effects were sensory block with paresthesias in a small area (13%), motor block with slight decrease in muscle strength (4.9%), and nausea and vomiting (3.5%). Only 7.8% required rescue analgesia. The proposed hypotheses were not confirmed, except for a statistically significant difference when comparing the FNB+LFCN and PENG+LFCN groups regarding sensory block (p = 0.036) and the comparison of groups with administration of paracetamol and paracetamol+tramadol regarding systemic adverse effects (p = 0.047). Conclusion: The evaluation conducted by the nurses in the Acute Pain Unit (UDA) in the first 24 hours after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty, using single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques in combination with systemic analgesia, reveals an adequate management of acute postoperative pain. The need for rescue analgesia was greatly reduced, and adverse effects associated with analgesia were absent in the majority of patients. Patients undergoing PENG+LFCN showed a lower degree of sensory block than those undergoing FNB+LFCN.

Análise das vivências de enfermeiros de urgência no controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica / Analysing the experiences of emergency nurses in managing the pain of people in critical condition

O controlo da dor abarca todas as intervenções destinadas à sua prevenção e tratamento. Sempre que o enfermeiro preveja a ocorrência de dor ou avalie a sua presença, deve intervir na promoção de cuidados que a aliviem ou reduzam para níveis considerados toleráveis pela pessoa, gerindo ações farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas, para garantir o bem-estar físico, psicossocial e espiritual do indivíduo. Objetivo: Identificar as principais intervenções, sentimentos e limitações vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros de urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde, no que concerne ao controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo com enfoque fenomenológico, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, numa amostra de 6 enfermeiros de um Banco de Urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde. Foram realizadas entrevistas por videochamada, conforme a disponibilidade dos participantes, recorrendo-se a um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, com 8 questões, sendo feita análise de conteúdo. Resultado: Os enfermeiros da amostra relataram um leque de sentimentos, uns negativos e outros positivos, relativamente às necessidades de intervenções para controlo da dor nos doentes críticos. Como negativos obtiveram-se: ansiedade, stress, desanimo, impotência, angustia, esgotamento físico, entre outros. Os sentimentos positivos percecionados foram a empatia, comunicação e humanismo. Verbalizaram utilizar medidas de enfermagem interdependentes e autónomas, para controlo da dor dos doentes críticos no SU. Todos recorrem às medidas farmacológicas, segundo prescrição médica. Foram reconhecidas algumas intervenções não farmacológicas, voltadas para a promoção do conforto, tais como adequação do posicionamento, aplicação de calor e frio e massagens. Das principais limitações apontadas surgiram como subcategorias: Défice ou falta de formação no controlo da dor e Carência de recursos humanos. Conclusão: O estudo revelou uma gama complexa de sentimentos nos enfermeiros de urgência da amostra, destacando alguns desafios emocionais e algumas estratégias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas no controle da dor em pacientes críticos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de abordagens abrangentes que promovam tanto o bem-estar emocional dos enfermeiros quanto ao aprimoramento das práticas no controlo da dor em ambientes de urgência. Para tal, urge reverter a escassez de recursos humanos, bem como promover a formação específica destes enfermeiros na gestão da dor.

Pain control encompasses all interventions aimed at its prevention and treatment. Whenever the nurse predicts the occurrence of pain or assesses its presence, he or she must intervene to promote care that alleviates it or reduces it to levels considered tolerable by the person, managing pharmacological and non-pharmacological actions, to ensure physical and psychosocial well-being. and spirituality of the individual. Objective: To identify the main interventions, feelings and limitations experienced by emergency nurses on an island in Cape Verde, with regard to controlling the pain of people in critical situations. Methodology: A qualitative study was developed with a phenomenological focus, of an exploratory and descriptive nature, on a sample of 6 nurses from an Emergency Bank on an island in Cape Verde. Interviews were carried out via video call, depending on the participants' availability, using a semi-structured interview guide, with 8 questions, and content analysis was carried out. Result: The nurses in the sample reported a range of feelings, some negative and others positive, regarding the need for interventions to control pain in critically ill patients. The following were negative: anxiety, stress, discouragement, impotence, anguish, physical exhaustion, among others. The positive feelings perceived were empathy, communication and humanism. They verbalized the use of interdependent and autonomous nursing measures to control the pain of critically ill patients in the ED. Everyone resorts to pharmacological measures, according to medical prescription. Some non- pharmacological interventions were recognized, aimed at promoting comfort, such as adjusting positioning, applying heat and cold and massages. Of the main limitations highlighted, the following subcategories emerged: Deficit or lack of training in pain control and Lack of human resources. Conclusion: The study revealed a complex range of feelings in the emergency nurses in the sample, highlighting some emotional challenges and some pharmacological and non- pharmacological strategies in controlling pain in critically ill patients. The results point to the need for comprehensive approaches that promote both the emotional well-being of nurses and the improvement of pain control practices in emergency environments. To this end, there is an urgent need to reverse the shortage of human resources, as well as promote the specific training of these nurses in pain management.

Laparoscopic Heller-Dor myotomy in elderly achalasia patients: a single center experience with PSM analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder of unknown etiology. With the ageing of the general population, treatment in elderly patients has become increasingly common; however, the gold standard treatment in this population remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic Heller-Dor myotomy (LHM) in geriatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, consecutive achalasia patients undergoing LHM at the University Hospital 'Federico II' of Naples from November 2018 to November 2022 were prospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on their age at intervention: elderly (≥70 years) and younger (<70 years). The two study groups were compared by minimizing the different distribution of covariates through a propensity score matching analysis (PSM). RESULTS: In both populations, there was a significant improvement in terms of manometric parameters and symptoms after surgery. After applying one-on-one PSM, we obtained a total population of 48 achalasia patients divided into two groups (24 patients each). No significant differences were found in terms of demographic characteristics as well as preoperative and intraoperative variables between two groups. At 12 months from surgery, integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was significantly lower in patients ≥ 70 years (p = 0.032), while younger patients scored significantly less at the post-operative Eckardt score (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Heller-Dor myotomy is a safe and effective treatment even in elderly patients with rapid post-operative recovery, improvement of symptoms and manometric parameters.

Downregulation of homeobox A1 in human granulosa cells is involved in diminished ovarian reserve through promoting cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Granulosa cell apoptosis contributes to the occurrence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). HOXA1, belonging to the HOX gene family, is involved in regulating cancer cell apoptosis. However, whether HOXA1 participates in the granulosa cell apoptosis in DOR patients remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we demonstrated the differential transcriptomic landscape of granulosa cells in DOR patients compared to that in the controls and identified decreased expression of the HOXA1 gene. Meanwhile, we found that HOXA1 was a gonadotropin-response gene, in which FSH could promote its expression, whereas LH inhibited HOXA1 expression in human granulosa cells. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining results showed that inhibition of endogenous HOXA1 expression promoted human granulosa cell apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of HOXA1 increased Bax while reducing Bcl2 protein expression. Furthermore, we found a total of 947 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 426 upregulated genes and 521 downregulated genes using transcriptome sequencing technology. Enrichment analysis results showed that the DEGs were involved in apoptosis and mitochondrial function-related signaling pathways. Knockdown of HOXA1 impaired mitochondrial functions, exhibiting increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and abnormal mitochondrial cristae. Our findings demonstrated that aberrantly reduced HOXA1 expression induced granulosa cell apoptosis in DOR patients and impaired mitochondrial function, which highlighted the potential role of HOXA1 in the occurrence of DOR and provided new insight for the treatment of DOR.

Dry needling, trigger point electroacupuncture and motor point electroacupuncture for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome involving the trapezius: a randomised clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare trigger point (TrP) dry needling, TrP electroacupuncture and motor point electroacupuncture of the trapezius muscle for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). METHODS: This randomised clinical trial included 90 patients divided into three groups. Group 1 was treated with dry needling of TrPs, group 2 with intramuscular electrical stimulation of TrPs, and group 3 with electroacupuncture of motor points and/or the spinal accessory nerve. Each group received seven treatment sessions. The outcomes were the pain score measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of life evaluated by the 12-item short form (SF-12) health questionnaire. We compared the pain outcome over serial time points using growth curve analysis methods. RESULTS: Participants in the three groups experienced significant improvements in pain scores over time. The average pain level of participants in group 3 across the repeated assessments was 0.98 units lower than in group 1 (mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.74-0.23)), p = 0.012). There were no significant differences in pain scores between participants in groups 1 and 2, and there were no significant differences in quality of life across the three groups at the end of the treatment period. CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence that electrical stimulation of motor points and/or of the spinal accessory nerve may be superior in terms of pain relief (but not quality of life) to dry needling and possibly electrical stimulation of trigger points for the management of MPS involving the trapezius. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: TRIAL-RBR-43R7RF (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry).

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Weight Loss After Fundoplication Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Fundoplication sleeve gastrectomy (FSG) is a novel bariatric procedure that combines anti-reflux fundoplication with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to simultaneously address gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the prevalence of postoperative GERD and amount of weight loss after FSG. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection in May 2023 for full-text reports of case series, registries, cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials that reported postoperative GERD and percent excess weight loss (%EWL) after FSG for patients with preoperative GERD and obesity, excluding reports including patients with previous history of bariatric procedures. We used random effects models to estimate postoperative GERD prevalence and %EWL. Risk of bias and evidence quality were assessed with the ROBINS-I and GRADE frameworks (PROSPERO CRD42023420067). RESULTS: Of the 935 records initially identified, 13 studies from 8 countries met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of postoperative GERD pooled from 418 patients was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.8 to 8.4%). Pooled %EWL, available for 225 patients from 7 studies, was 67.8% (95% CI: 55.2 to 80.5). The overall quality of evidence was low, largely due to observational study design, lack of blinded outcome assessment, and evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION: Fundoplication sleeve gastrectomy is an emerging surgical approach for patients with obesity and GERD with promising initial outcomes. Additional studies of efficacy and safety are needed to compare FSG and its technical variations with other weight loss procedures.

Ankyloglossia severity in infants: maternal pain, self-efficacy, and functional aspects of breastfeeding / Gravidade da anquiloglossia em bebês: dor materna, autoeficácia e aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0-3; mild: scores 4-6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar aspectos funcionais da amamentação, autoeficácia e dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação, em recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia grave e leve. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado com 81 bebês diagnosticados com anquiloglossia avaliados pelo Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (grave: escores 0-3; leve: escores: 4-6), aninhados em um estudo de coorte realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil. Os aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno foram analisados por meio do Formulário de Observação da Amamentação do Fundo Internacional para a Infância das Nações Unidas (BOF-UNICEF) e da Escala LATCH. Aautoeficácia foi mensurada por meio da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Os indicadores de dor foram avaliados pelo Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade materna foi 26,7±0,8 anos, e 64,2% concluíram o ensino médio. A maioria dos recém-nascidos era do sexo masculino (67,9%), e o peso ao nascer foi 3232±60g. Foi detectada associação significante no aspecto da sucção avaliado pelo BOF-UNICEF [β=0,22 (IC95% 0,07; 0,73), p=0,013]. No entanto, os grupos não diferiram na avaliação do aleitamento materno realizada pela escala LATCH. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na avaliação da autoeficácia em amamentar relatada pelas mães e no escore de dor. Conclusões: Apesar de ter sido observada dificuldade de sucção em lactentes com anquiloglossia grave, a qualidade da amamentação em geral, a dor materna e a autoeficácia relatada pelas mães não diferem quando comparadas com as de lactentes com anquiloglossia leve. Assim, a gravidade da anquiloglossia parece não afetar os indicadores de amamentação.