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1.
Poblac. salud mesoam ; 14(1)dic. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507053

RESUMO

El Camp de Tarragona (España) participó con fuerza en la revolución comercial de la época moderna y la evolución de su población fue constante y creciente.OBJETIVO: analizar si fueron las graves crisis de mortalidad y la falta de salud lo que incentivó la evolución de la población en la zona, y el papel que estas tuvieron.MÉTODOS: con registros parroquiales y censos se construye durante casi tres siglos y medio la evolución demográfica. Se presentan aspectos significativos de la mortalidad por crisis a través del método Dupâquier y Flinn.RESULTADOS: la sequía es el indicador indirecto del stress económico y la salud. Las mayores defunciones ocurrían en años de malas cosechas, guerra o infección. Durante uno o varios años la mortalidad se elevó por encima de su nivel normal (nivel 4-5 determina graves crisis con el método Dupâquier). El Camp lo alcanzó cuatro veces: la primera vez, a principios del siglo XVII debido al factor determinante de la sequía, luego por enfermedad y las otras por guerra. Posteriormente, se dieron crisis urbanas y rurales.CONCLUSIONES: la influencia de estas graves crisis sobre el crecimiento demográfico y económico era importante cuando la capacidad del hombre era limitada. El Camp supo mantener una hegemonía demográfica y económica importante en esta época. Graves crisis de mortalidad afectaron con dureza menguando la población. Como conclusión, el papel de la mortalidad por graves crisis no es determinante, aunque estas tuvieron un papel importante en la recuperación de los habitantes del Camp.


Camp de Tarragona (Spain) participated strongly in the commercial revolution of the modern era and its population grew steadily.OBJECTIVE: to analyze whether the serious mortality crisis and lack of health stimulated the evolution of the population in the area and what role these crisis played in them.Methods: demographic change is reconstructed with parish registers and census from nearly three centuries. Significant aspects of mortality by crisis are presented through the Dupâquier and Flinn method.RESULTS: Drought is the indirect indicator of economic stress and health. Deaths increased in years of bad harvests, war or infection. For one or more years mortality rose above its normal level (level 4-5 determines serious crisis with the Dupâquier method). Camp reached this level on four times: in the early seventeenth century with drought as a determining factor, another time by disease and the other by war. It was succeeded by urban and rural crisis.CONCLUSIONS:The influence of these serious crisis on the population and economic growth was important when man's capacity was limited. The Camp was able to maintain an important demographic and economic hegemony at this time. Severe mortality crisis severely dwindled the population. As a conclusion, it is found that the role of mortality does not appear decisive for serious crisis but played an important role in the recovery momentum of the residents of Camp.

2.
Pest Manag Sci ; 70(1): 55-9, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23457039

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoids are widely used as seed treatments in wheat fields against the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) in China. Due to the degradation of neonicotinoids in wheat plants, wheat aphids are more likely to be exposed to low concentrations of neonicotinoids over long periods. It is therefore expected that neonicotinoids, aside from acute (lethal) effects, may also cause a range of sub-lethal effects on this pest. RESULTS: The growth and fertility of S. avenae feeding on wheat plants treated with a sub-lethal concentration (LC10 ) of imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam were not greatly affected. However, the population growth parameters of S. avenae were significantly reduced at median lethal concentration (LC50 ). Electronic penetration graph recordings showed a higher percentage of no probing phase and shorter phloem sap ingestion phase on the wheat plants treated with LC10 and LC50 concentrations. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that even low concentrations of neonicotinoid treatments on wheat seeds have long-term, adverse effects on wheat aphid. As such, neonicotinoid seed treatments have far greater effects on wheat aphids than estimated by acute toxicity tests. These results benefit our understanding on the subtle effects of the four tested neonicotinoids when applied as seed treatments.


Assuntos
Afídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Nitrocompostos/toxicidade , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Sementes/parasitologia , Triticum/parasitologia , Animais , Afídeos/fisiologia , China , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Controle de Insetos , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia
3.
Rev. bras. estud. popul ; 24(2): 181-190, jul.-dez. 2007. graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-472078

RESUMO

A literatura ainda negligencia a importância do espaço nas interações entre população, desenvolvimento e meio ambiente: responde pouco a respeito das vantagens de diferentes padrões de distribuição populacional para a sustentabilidade. Os conceitos de capacidade de carga, pegada ecológica e espaço ambiental são úteis para fins de gerar consciência ambiental, mas não para diferenciar o mérito relativo de diferentes formas de ocupação do espaço para a sustentabilidade. O conceito do "uso sustentável do espaço" é oferecido aqui como uma ferramenta mais prática para enfocar essa questão. O argumento de que a distribuição da população sobre o espaço afeta a sustentabilidade é exemplificado com relação à concentração urbana.


The literature still ignores the importance of space in interactions among population, development, and environment. In other words, it responds poorly to the advantages of different patterns of demographic distribution for sustainability. The concepts of weight capacity, ecological traces and environmental space are useful for generating environmental awareness, but not for distinguishing the relative merit of different forms of occupation of space for sustainability. The concept of the "sustainable use of space" is offered here as a very practical tool for focusing on this issue. The reasoning that the distribution of the population in space affects sustainability is exemplified in the case of urban concentration.


La literatura aún es negligente con la importancia del espacio en las interacciones entre población, desarrollo y medio ambiente: responde poco respecto a las ventajas de diferentes padrones de distribución poblacional para la sustentabilidad. Los conceptos de capacidad de carga, huella ecológica y espacio ambiental son útiles a fin de generar conciencia ambiental, pero no para diferenciar el mérito relativo de diferentes formas de ocupación del espacio para la sustentabilidad. El concepto del "uso sustentable del espacio" es ofrecido aquí como una herramienta mßs prßctica para enfocar esta cuestión. El argumento de que la distribución de la población en el espacio afecta la sustentabilidad, es ejemplificado en relación a la concentración urbana.


Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Crescimento Demográfico , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , População Urbana , Urbanização
4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 141(1): 75-84, ene.-feb. 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-632103

RESUMO

El siglo XX ha sido uno de los períodos de la Historia más intensos y Convulsivos que le ha tocado vivir a la humanidad. Siglo de paradojas y de contrastes, se inició con optimismo, fue testigo del apocalipsis de dos guerras mundiales y terminó con un progreso científico inimaginable que nos condujo a una nueva civilización, que aún no podemos intuir. En él ocurrieron grandes acontecimientos que moldearon nuestro tiempo y proyectaron sus resultados hacia un futuro inmediato. Unos fueron providenciales para entender la vida del hombre, combatir las enfermedades y prolongar la vida y otros de innegable importancia social para la humanidad. Unos saberes se fundamentaron en otros. La filosofía se adentro en la matemática, como la ciencia en la filosofía, mientras la política y la economía ejercían tan decisivo influjo en nuestro modo de sentir y de vivir, que la cultura y la sociedad se conmovieron hasta sus cimientos. En esa centuria, se gestó además, la mayor revolución tecnológica de todos los tiempos, tan trascendental como inimaginable, que con el alunizaje pusieron al hombre en el camino hacia las estrellas y con ella se creó la sociedad de la información, cuyo máximo símbolo: internet, emergió como un nuevo demiurgo. Sin embargo ha sido el siglo XX hasta ahora, con todo su infortunio y esplendor, paradojas y contrastes, creación y destrucción, el más trascendental de toda la historia y lega al futuro un horizonte promisor en la búsqueda de un renovado significado de vida y un anhelo de convivencia pacífica para toda la humanidad.


The 20th century has been one of the most intense and convulsive periods in the History of humanity. A century of paradoxes and contrasts, it began with optimism, it witnessed the apocalypse of two world wars, and finished with unimaginable scientific progress that gave us a new civilization that we cannot yet grasp. In this century, significant events happened that shaped our time and projected their results toward an immediate future. Some of these were providential in understanding man 's life, fighting against illnesses and prolonging life, and others were of undeniable social importance for humanity. Some knowledge was based on the work of others. Philosophy was embedded in mathematics, as was science in philosophy, while politics and the economy exercised so decisive an influence in our way of feeling and living that culture and society were affected to the core. Within that century the biggest technological revolution of all the time was also created, as transcendent as it was unimaginable, which put mankind on the road to the stars with the moon landing and in the process created the information society whose signature symbol, the internet, emerged as a new demiurge. However, the 20th century, with all its misfortune and splendor, paradoxes and contrasts, creation and destruction, was the most transcendent in the whole of history and it bequeaths to the future a promising horizon in the search for a renovated meaning of life and a yearning for peaceful coexistence for the whole humanity.


Assuntos
Filosofia , Biodiversidade , Crescimento Demográfico , Pobreza , Sociologia , Guerra
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