Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia decreases the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep.

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with insomnia disorder often exhibit differences between reported experiences of sleep and objectively measured sleep parameters; however, the implications of this subjective-objective sleep discrepancy during treatment remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep, and to assess whether changes in clinical variables such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and beliefs about sleep, were related to changes in discrepancy. METHODS: Twenty-five participants with insomnia disorder were enrolled in group CBT-I. Sleep measures were continually sampled from baseline until 2 weeks post-treatment with both objective (i.e., actigraphy) and subjective (i.e., sleep diary) methods. RESULTS: The subjective-objective discrepancy significantly decreased from baseline early on in treatment (following the second session) and were maintained at post-treatment for sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO) and sleep efficiency (SE). Total sleep time (TST) discrepancy and misperception decreased from baseline to post-treatment. Improvement in depression symptoms, fatigue symptoms, and negative beliefs about sleep were significantly correlated with the decrease in the discrepancy for WASO and SE. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that CBT-I resolves the mismatch between objective and subjective sleep parameters early in treatment for adults with insomnia. Sleep misperception improved from underestimating to accurately estimating TST. Improvement of psychological symptoms were related to decrease in sleep discrepancies across treatment. Future research is needed to explore how feedback on objective and subjective sleep discrepancy may impact sleep perception across treatment with CBT-I.

Serologic profiling of D variants in donor routine: unveiling the impact on false-negative results and alloimmunization.

The high number of D variants can lead to the unnecessary use of Rh immune globulin, overuse of D- RBC units, and anti-D allommunization. D variant prevalence varies among ethnic groups, and knowledge of the main variants present in a specific population, their behavior in serologic tests, and their impact on clinical practice is crucial to define the best serologic tests for routine use. The present study aimed to explore the serologic profile of D variants and to determine which variants are most associated with false-negative D typing results and alloimmunization. Donor samples were selected in two study periods. During the first period, D typing was performed on a semi-automated instrument in microplates, and weak D tests were conducted in tube or gel tests. In the second period, D typing was carried out using an automated instrument with microplates, and weak D tests were performed in solid phase. Samples from patients typed as D+ with anti-D were also selected. All samples were characterized by molecular testing. A total of 37 RHD variants were identified. Discrepancies and atypical reactivity without anti-D formation were observed in 83.4 percent of the samples, discrepant D typing results between donations were seen in 12.3 percent, and D+ patients with anti-D comprised 4.3 percent. DAR1.2 was the most prevalent variant. Weak D type 38 was responsible for 75 percent of discrepant samples, followed by weak D type 11, predominantly detected by solid phase. Among the D variants related to alloimmunization, DIVa was the most prevalent, which was not recognized by serologic testing; the same was true for DIIIc. The results highlight the importance of selecting tests for donor screening capable of detecting weak D types 38 and 11, especially in populations where these variants are more prevalent. In pre-transfusion testing, it is crucial that D typing reagents demonstrate weak reactivity with DAR variants; having a serologic strategy to recognize DIVa and DIIIc is also valuable.

Craniomandibular transverse tomographic evaluation after anterior open bite orthodontic treatment with miniplates anchorage.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal anterior open bite (SAOB) represents one of the most complex and challenging malocclusions in orthodontics. Orthodontic treatment supported by miniplates enable to reduce the need for orthognathic surgery. Transverse dimension may be affected by intrusion biomechanics. This study aims to assess transverse bone alterations in patients with SAOB who underwent orthodontic treatment with absolute anchorage using four miniplates. METHODS: A total of 32 patients of both sexes, with an average age of 33.8 years, diagnosed with SAOB and treated orthodontically with four miniplates (one in each hemiarch), were selected for this study. Tomographic examinations were performed before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment. Linear measurements (width of the maxillary base, maxillary alveolar, maxillary root, maxillary dental cusp, mandibular alveolar) and angular measurements (maxillary intermolar angle) were assessed in these images. The Shapiro-Wilks normality tests were applied to verify data distribution, and the paired t-test was used to compare the initial and final measures obtained. RESULTS: Among the evaluated parameters, the maxillary alveolar width, maxillary dental cusp width, mandibular alveolar cusp width, and intermolar angle showed statistically significant differences between T1 and T2 (p < 0.05). However, maxillary base and maxillary root widths showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intrusion and distalization with miniplates in SAOB therapy may lead to significant expansive changes, due to molars cusps width and buccal inclination increase restricted at the alveolar level.

Leg length discrepancy is not a risk factor for plantar fasciitis.

PURPOSE: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a main source of heel pain, and only about one-third of patients have bilateral symptomatic involvement, although age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activities are known risk factors. The high prevalence of unilateral involvement is poorly understood. We aimed to assess the potential association between PF and the leg length discrepancy (LLD) in unilateral PF. METHODS: A transversal case-control study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020, including 120 participants allocated to two groups matched by BMI and sex: cases (with a diagnosis of PF; 50 ± 13 years) and control (without foot pain; 40 ± 15 years). For both groups, a difference greater than 0.64 cm in the scanometry determined the criteria for the presence of LLD. RESULTS: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an independent association of PF only with age (p < 0.001), and no association with LLD. We did not observe differences in the mean discrepancy (1.37 ± 0.83 cm in the PF group in comparison with 1.13 ± 0.37 cm in the control group, [p > 0.05]) or in the prevalence of LLD between groups (48% [n = 29] in the PF group compared with 42% [n = 25] in the control group, [p > 0.05]). In the PF group, 80% of the participants reported unilateral pain. We observed a higher prevalence of pain in the shorter limb (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Age was the only factor associated with the diagnosis of PF when groups were matched by sex and BMI. LLD was not an independent factor associated with the diagnosis of PF. However, when PF is unilateral, the shorter limb is more affected with 70% of prevalence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control.

Relation between flexibility and intrinsically disorder regions in thermosensitive TRP channels reveal allosteric effects.

How a protein propagates the conformational changes throughout its structure remains largely unknown. In thermosensitive TRP channels, this allosteric communication is triggered by ligand interaction or in response to temperature changes. Because dynamic allostery suggests a dynamic role of disordered regions, in this work we set out to thoroughly evaluate these regions in six thermosensitive TRP channels. Thus, by contrasting the intrinsic flexibility of the transmembrane region as a function of the degree of disorder in those proteins, we discovered several residues that do not show a direct correlation in both parameters. This kind of structural discrepancy revealed residues that are either reported to be dynamic, functionally relevant or are involved in signal propagation and probably part of allosteric networks. These discrepant, potentially dynamic regions are not exclusive of TRP channels, as this same correlation was found in the Kv Shaker channel.

Genotyping of the rare Para-Bombay blood group in southern Thailand

ABSTRACT Introduction: The para-Bombay phenotype, or H-deficient secretor, results from different mutations of the FUT1, with or without the FUT2 mutation. Consequently, there is an absent or weak expression of the H antigen on red blood cells (RBCs). Routine ABO blood grouping for two siblings with blood group O showed discrepant results with their parental blood group AB. Fragments encompassing the entire coding region of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes were investigated. Methods: Blood and saliva specimens were collected to verify the correct ABO grouping by cell grouping, serum grouping and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, respectively. The FUT1 and FUT2 genomes were identified using the whole-exome sequencing (WES) in two children's DNA blood specimens and may have caused, or been relative to, their blood group. Genetic variations of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes have been investigated in the other family members using the Sanger sequencing. Results: The serologic reaction results of the proband revealed that A, B and H antigens were absent on RBCs, and that the serum contained anti-H. However, ABH and AH antigens were present in the saliva PB1 and PB2, respectively. The probands PB1 and PB2 were assigned as AB and A blood groups, respectively. Blood genotyping confirmed that heterozygous mutations of the FUT1 gene, c.551_552delAG, were identified. Three family members, PB3, PB, and PB8, also showed normal ABO blood groups, but their genotypes were also the FUT1 mutation c.551_552delAG. Conclusions: The FUT1 mutation c.551_552delAG may result in the reduced or absent H antigen production on RBCs, which characterizes the para-Bombay phenotypes. Blood genotyping is essential if these individuals need a blood transfusion or are planning to donate blood.

Estudio in vitro del ajuste de supraestructuras pasivadas sobre implantes múltiples / In vitro study of the adjustment of passivated suprastructures on multiple implants

Resumen Objetivo Comparar dos procedimientos de soldadura convencionales empleando una aleación de Cr-Co, para conectar barras coladas seccionadas a ser fijadas sobre implantes. Materiales y métodos A partir de un modelo maestro que representa un maxilar desdentado con cuatro implantes, se confeccionaron veinte (n=20) probetas seccionadas en tres partes. Se conformaron dos grupos, cada uno con diez (n=10) ejemplares. Una vez acondicionadas, fueron atornilladas al modelo maestro. Su desajuste inicial se analizó utilizando una lupa estereoscópica, con una cámara incorporada y un software. Las partes fueron soldadas empleando un procedimiento diferente para cada grupo. Las correspondientes al Grupo I se invistieron en un block refractario a base de sílico-fosfato. Las del Grupo II se montaron en una estructura metálica Clever Spider. El desajuste fue mensurado y los resultados procesados estadísticamente. El nivel de significación fue establecido en p<0,05. Resultados El Grupo I tuvo un desajuste inicial de 97,30±13,81μm y el Grupo II de 98,53±11,24μm. Luego de la soldadura, el Grupo I registró 98,53±17,17μm, 1,23μm mayor respecto al inicial. En el Grupo II se observó 103,13±17,61μm, 4,60μm por encima del original. Se analizaron mediante prueba t de Student; en ambos casos el resultado fue de p>0,05. Al comparar entre sí los grupos I y II, por medio de la prueba t y de comprobación no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney, se observaron diferencias no significativas, p=0,41 y p=0,38 respectivamente. Conclusiones Bajo las condiciones de este estudio, se observó que los dos métodos de soldadura analizados fueron confiables para unir supraestructurasos metálicas sin que se afecte su ajuste final.

Abstract Aim Compare two conventional welding procedures using a Cr-Co alloy, to connect sectioned cast bars to be fixed on implants. Materials and methods From a master model representing a toothless jaw with four implants, twenty (n=20) specimens sectioned into three parts were made. Two groups were formed, each with ten (n=10) specimens. Once conditioned, they were screwed to the master model. Its initial mismatch was analyzed using a stereoscopic magnifier, with a built-in camera and a software. The parts were welded using a different procedure for each group. Those corresponding to Group I were invested in a refractory block based on silyl-phosphate. Those of Group II were mounted on a Clever Spider metal structure. The mismatch was measured, and the results processed statistically. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. Results Group I had an initial mismatch of 97.30 ±13.81μm, and Group II of 98.53±11.24μm. After welding, Group I registered 98.53±17.17μm, 1.23μm higher than the initial one. In Group II, 103.13±17.61μm was observed, 4.60μm above the original. They were analyzed using Student's t test; in both cases the result was p>0.05. When comparing groups I and II, using the t-test and the Mann-Whitney nonparametric verification, non-significant differences were observed, p=0.41 and p=0.38 respectively. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, it was observed that the two welding methods analyzed were reliable for joining metallic superstructures without affecting their final fit.

Prevalencia de cristales de colesterol en granulomas perirradiculares de origen endodóntico / Prevalence of cholesterol crystals in periradicular granulomas of endodontic origin

Resumen Objetivo Comparar dos procedimientos de soldadura convencionales empleando una aleación de Cr-Co, para conectar barras coladas seccionadas a ser fijadas sobre implantes. Materiales y métodos A partir de un modelo maestro que representa un maxilar desdentado con cuatro implantes, se confeccionaron veinte (n=20) probetas seccionadas en tres partes. Se conformaron dos grupos, cada uno con diez (n=10) ejemplares. Una vez acondicionadas, fueron atornilladas al modelo maestro. Su desajuste inicial se analizó utilizando una lupa estereoscópica, con una cámara incorporada y un software. Las partes fueron soldadas empleando un procedimiento diferente para cada grupo. Las correspondientes al Grupo I se invistieron en un block refractario a base de sílico-fosfato. Las del Grupo II se montaron en una estructura metálica Clever Spider. El desajuste fue mensurado y los resultados procesados estadísticamente. El nivel de significación fue establecido en p<0,05. Resultados El Grupo I tuvo un desajuste inicial de 97,30±13,81μm y el Grupo II de 98,53±11,24μm. Luego de la soldadura, el Grupo I registró 98,53±17,17μm, 1,23μm mayor respecto al inicial. En el Grupo II se observó 103,13±17,61μm, 4,60μm por encima del original. Se analizaron mediante prueba t de Student; en ambos casos el resultado fue de p>0,05. Al comparar entre sí los grupos I y II, por medio de la prueba t y de comprobación no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney, se observaron diferencias no significativas, p=0,41 y p=0,38 respectivamente. Conclusiones Bajo las condiciones de este estudio, se observó que los dos métodos de soldadura analizados fueron confiables para unir supraestructurasos metálicas sin que se afecte su ajuste final.

Abstract Aim Compare two conventional welding procedures using a Cr-Co alloy, to connect sectioned cast bars to be fixed on implants. Materials and methods From a master model representing a toothless jaw with four implants, twenty (n=20) specimens sectioned into three parts were made. Two groups were formed, each with ten (n=10) specimens. Once conditioned, they were screwed to the master model. Its initial mismatch was analyzed using a stereoscopic magnifier, with a built-in camera and a software. The parts were welded using a different procedure for each group. Those corresponding to Group I were invested in a refractory block based on silyl-phosphate. Those of Group II were mounted on a Clever Spider metal structure. The mismatch was measured, and the results processed statistically. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. Results Group I had an initial mismatch of 97.30 ±13.81μm, and Group II of 98.53±11.24μm. After welding, Group I registered 98.53±17.17μm, 1.23μm higher than the initial one. In Group II, 103.13±17.61μm was observed, 4.60μm above the original. They were analyzed using Student's t test; in both cases the result was p>0.05. When comparing groups I and II, using the t-test and the Mann-Whitney nonparametric verification, non-significant differences were observed, p=0.41 and p=0.38 respectively. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, it was observed that the two welding methods analyzed were reliable for joining metallic superstructures without affecting their final fit.

Estudio in vitro del ajuste de supraestructuras pasivadas sobre implantes múltiples / In vitro study of the adjustment of passivated suprastructures on multiple implants

Objetivo: Comparar dos procedimientos de soldadura convencionales empleando una aleación de Cr-Co, para co- nectar barras coladas seccionadas a ser fijadas sobre implantes. Materiales y métodos: A partir de un modelo maes- tro que representa un maxilar desdentado con cuatro implan- tes, se confeccionaron veinte (n=20) probetas seccionadas en tres partes. Se conformaron dos grupos, cada uno con diez (n=10) ejemplares. Una vez acondicionadas, fueron atornilla- das al modelo maestro. Su desajuste inicial se analizó utili- zando una lupa estereoscópica, con una cámara incorporada y un software. Las partes fueron soldadas empleando un pro- cedimiento diferente para cada grupo. Las correspondientes al Grupo I se invistieron en un block refractario a base de sílico-fosfato. Las del Grupo II se montaron en una estructu- ra metálica Clever Spider. El desajuste fue mensurado y los resultados procesados estadísticamente. El nivel de significa- ción fue establecido en p<0,05. Resultados: El Grupo I tuvo un desajuste inicial de 97,30±13,81µm y el Grupo II de 98,53±11,24µm. Luego de la soldadura, el Grupo I registró 98,53±17,17µm, 1,23µm mayor respecto al inicial. En el Grupo II se observó 103,13±17,61µm, 4,60µm por encima del original. Se analizaron mediante prue- ba t de Student; en ambos casos el resultado fue de p>0,05. Al comparar entre sí los grupos I y II, por medio de la prueba t y de comprobación no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney, se ob- servaron diferencias no significativas, p=0,41 y p=0,38 res- pectivamente (AU)

Aim: Compare two conventional welding procedures us- ing a Cr-Co alloy, to connect sectioned cast bars to be fixed on implants. Materials and methods: From a master model representing a toothless jaw with four implants, twenty (n=20) specimens sectioned into three parts were made. Two groups were formed, each with ten (n=10) specimens. Once conditioned, they were screwed to the master mod- el. Its initial mismatch was analyzed using a stereoscop- ic magnifier, with a built-in camera and a software. The parts were welded using a different procedure for each group. Those corresponding to Group I were invested in a refractory block based on silyl-phosphate. Those of Group II were mounted on a Clever Spider metal structure. The mismatch was measured, and the results processed statisti- cally. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. Results: Group I had an initial mismatch of 97.30 ±13.81µm, and Group II of 98.53±11.24µm. After welding, Group I registered 98.53±17.17µm, 1.23µm higher than the initial one. In Group II, 103.13±17.61µm was observed, 4.60µm above the original. They were analyzed using Stu- dent's t test; in both cases the result was p>0.05. When com- paring groups I and II, using the t-test and the Mann-Whitney nonparametric verification, non-significant differences were observed, p=0.41 and p=0.38 respectively. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it was ob- served that the two welding methods analyzed were reliable for joining metallic superstructures without affecting their final fit (AU)

Discrepancy rate and clinical impact of preliminary reports from radiology residents.

Background: Residents usually cover night and weekend shifts issuing the preliminary reading of radiological studies in university hospitals. This is essential to strengthening decision-making skills when facing complex cases independently. However, there should be a balance between patient safety and academic experience since some concern has been expressed about the accuracy of the interpretations generated by trainees. This work aims to evaluate and characterize the discrepancies in preliminary reports issued by radiology residents. Material and methods: Radiologists filled out a questionnaire to evaluate preliminary reports of trainees considering diagnosis, findings description, clinical approach changes, and critical findings. Analysis was performed considering modality, imaging type, body part, and resident academic year. A Chi-square test with a significance level α of 0.05 was used to make group comparisons. Results: A total of 9072 studies were reviewed. Major and minor overall discrepancy rates were 1.7% and 8.3%, respectively. Minor discrepancy rate, findings description, and critical findings identification improved with increasing academic year, both overall and by modality. Discrepancy rates were lower for CT than MR and neuroimaging than for body-imaging studies. The highest major and minor discrepancy rates as abdomen/pelvis CT and lumbar-spine MR, respectively. Two percent of reports presented discrepancies that could generate a medical approach change. Conclusion: Discrepancy rates are low and comparable with those reported in the literature. These rates tend to improve as the resident's academic year increases. Our results suggest that radiology residents' coverage of night shifts and weekends is a practice that benefits the educational process without negatively impacting patient safety.

Perceived Parenting Discrepancy Profiles, Feelings about Language Brokering, and Internalizing Symptoms among Mexican-origin Adolescents in Immigrant Families.

While different patterns of perceived parenting discrepancy among mother-adolescent dyads have been shown to be associated with adolescent internalizing symptoms, little is known about the pathway underlying such associations, particularly among immigrant families. The current study considered one culturally salient form of mother-adolescent communication, language brokering (i.e., adolescents translating and interpreting between host and heritage languages for mothers), in order to investigate its mediating role based on two waves of longitudinal data on Mexican-origin immigrant families. Wave 1 included 604 adolescents (54% female; Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.92) and 595 mothers (Mage = 38.89, SD = 5.74); Wave 2 was collected one year later with data from 483 adolescents. Perceived parenting discrepancy patterns at Wave 1 were captured by three profiles based on the levels of both mothers' and adolescents' perceived positive parenting (i.e., Mother High, Adolescent High, and Both High). Compared to the other two profiles, adolescents who reported much lower positive parenting than mothers at Wave 1 (i.e., Mother High) experienced more negative feelings about brokering at Wave 2, relating to more anxiety. Being in the Mother High (vs. Both High) group was also directly related to more depressive symptoms one year later. This study highlights the importance of considering culturally salient forms of communication, such as language brokering, when designing family-level interventions to reduce adolescents' internalizing symptoms by building agreement on high positive parenting among mother-adolescent dyads from immigrant families.

Genotyping of the rare Para-Bombay blood group in southern Thailand.

INTRODUCTION: The para-Bombay phenotype, or H-deficient secretor, results from different mutations of the FUT1, with or without the FUT2 mutation. Consequently, there is an absent or weak expression of the H antigen on red blood cells (RBCs). Routine ABO blood grouping for two siblings with blood group O showed discrepant results with their parental blood group AB. Fragments encompassing the entire coding region of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes were investigated. METHODS: Blood and saliva specimens were collected to verify the correct ABO grouping by cell grouping, serum grouping and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, respectively. The FUT1 and FUT2 genomes were identified using the whole-exome sequencing (WES) in two children's DNA blood specimens and may have caused, or been relative to, their blood group. Genetic variations of the FUT1 and FUT2 genes have been investigated in the other family members using the Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The serologic reaction results of the proband revealed that A, B and H antigens were absent on RBCs, and that the serum contained anti-H. However, ABH and AH antigens were present in the saliva PB1 and PB2, respectively. The probands PB1 and PB2 were assigned as AB and A blood groups, respectively. Blood genotyping confirmed that heterozygous mutations of the FUT1 gene, c.551_552delAG, were identified. Three family members, PB3, PB, and PB8, also showed normal ABO blood groups, but their genotypes were also the FUT1 mutation c.551_552delAG. CONCLUSIONS: The FUT1 mutation c.551_552delAG may result in the reduced or absent H antigen production on RBCs, which characterizes the para-Bombay phenotypes. Blood genotyping is essential if these individuals need a blood transfusion or are planning to donate blood.

Ectoparasitic flies of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in urban green areas of northeastern Brazil.

In urban and degraded areas, ectoparasite abundance can be affected by increasing human population density and habitat fragmentation. This study aimed to characterize the ectoparasitic fly community associated with bats in the urban green areas of Sergipe, Brazil. Campaigns were conducted monthly, for two consecutive nights, between September 2019 and February 2021. To capture the bats, ten mist nets were set up inside and at the edge of the habitat fragments. All ectoparasites found were removed from the bats and stored in 70% alcohol. The specificity index, parasitological rates, and level of parasite aggregation were calculated, and the influence of host sex and seasonality on parasitological rates were verified for the most parasitized bats. The collected ectoparasites corresponded to the families Nycteribiidae (S = 1; n = 26) and Streblidae (S = 13; n = 849), with Trichobius costalimai and Medistopoda aranea being the most abundant species. For some interactions, there was an influence of host sex on the prevalence rates, with the highest number of parasites being found on females, which can be explained by their greater susceptibility to parasitism owing to their long stay in roosts. The seasonality influenced the parasitological rates, and opposing patterns (from what was expected) were observed for some interactions; this influence may be due to the biological differences between parasite species. This study provides relevant data on this interaction, especially for urban areas in northeastern Brazil, expanding the number of studies in the State of Sergipe and promoting future studies.

A novel task to evaluate irony comprehension and its essential elements in Spanish speakers.

An ironic statement transmits the opposite meaning to its literal counterpart and is one of the most complex communicative acts. Thus, it has been proposed to be a good indicator of social communication ability. Prosody and facial expression are two crucial paralinguistic cues that can facilitate the understanding of ironic statements. The primary aim of this study was to create and evaluate a task of irony identification that could be used in neuroimaging studies. We independently evaluated three cues, contextual discrepancy, prosody and facial expression, and selected the best cue that would lead participants in fMRI studies to identify a stimulus as ironic in a reliable way. This process included the design, selection, and comparison of the three cues, all of which have been previously associated with irony detection. The secondary aim was to correlate irony comprehension with specific cognitive functions. Results showed that psycholinguistic properties could differentiate irony from other communicative acts. The contextual discrepancy, prosody, and facial expression were relevant cues that helped detect ironic statements; with contextual discrepancy being the cue that produced the highest classification accuracy and classification time. This task can be used successfully to test irony comprehension in Spanish speakers using the cue of interest. The correlation of irony comprehension with cognitive functions did not yield consistent results. A more heterogeneous sample of participants and a broader battery of tests may be needed to find reliable cognitive correlates of irony comprehension.

Discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar y factores asociados en pacientes con necesidad de cirugía ortognática / Negative transverse maxillary discrepancy and associated factors in patients requiring orthognathic surgery

Introducción: La discrepancia transversal de las arcadas es un problema esquelético poco estudiado en personas con necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico quirúrgico. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar y necesidad de tratamiento por cirugía ortognática. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 25 expedientes clínicos de pacientes que acudieron al servicio de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, con discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar y necesidad de cirugía ortognática entre enero de 2016 y enero de 2020. Se estudiaron los casos por medio de variables cualitativas divididas en epidemiológicas, características faciales y mediciones dentarias. Para el análisis se confeccionaron cuadros estadísticos y como medidas de resumen se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: La frecuencia de la discrepancia negativa del maxilar fue de 13,3 por ciento. Los pacientes de piel blanca fueron los más afectados (80 por ciento) y el principal motivo de consulta fue estético (68 por ciento). La asimetría del tercio inferior y el perfil cóncavo estuvieron presentes en el 44 por ciento y 36 por ciento de los casos respectivamente. Se observó alta frecuencia de pacientes con el tercio inferior aumentado (76 por ciento), mordida cruzada posterior (48 por ciento), mordida abierta anterior (75 por ciento), apiñamiento en la arcada inferior (63,3 por ciento) y lingualización del incisivo inferior (72 por ciento). Conclusiones: La discrepancia negativa transversal del maxilar es frecuente en personas con necesidad de cirugía ortognática y con gran afectación estética. Se observó mayor predisposición a padecerla en pacientes de piel blanca(AU)

Introduction: Transverse discrepancy of the arches is a skeletal problem not sufficiently studied in persons requiring surgical orthodontic treatment. Objective: Characterize patients with negative transverse maxillary discrepancy requiring surgical orthognathic surgery. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of 25 medical records of patients attending the maxillofacial surgery service at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital with negative transverse maxillary discrepancy requiring orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to January 2020. The cases were studied with qualitative variables divided into epidemiological, facial features and dental measurements. Analysis was based on statistical charts. The summary measurements used were absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The frequency of negative maxillary discrepancy was 13.3 percent. White skin patients were more commonly affected (80 percent). The main concern was aesthetic (68 percent). Lower third asymmetry and a concave profile were present in 44 percent and 36 percent of the cases, respectively. A high frequency was observed of patients with an augmented lower third (76 percent), posterior crossbite (48 percent), anterior open bite (75 percent), lower arch crowding (63.3 percent) and lower incisor lingualization (72 percent). Conclusions: Negative transverse maxillary discrepancy is common among patients requiring orthognathic surgery for large aesthetic alterations. White skin patients were found to be more prone to present this disorder(AU)

Relación entre competencia y rendimiento: regulación de recursos en la alta capacidad / Relationship between competence and performance: resources regulation in high capacity

Resumen El concepto científico de alta capacidad intelectual (ACI) se expande abordando la cuestión de la discrepancia entre el alto potencial y el bajo rendimiento de algunas personas con ACI. Comporta estudiar las trayectorias y condicionantes que conducen al bajo rendimiento para facilitar el desarrollo y expre sión óptima del alto potencial, destacando el rol de la regulación ejecutiva y metacognitiva de los altos recursos intelectuales, conjuntamente con otros moduladores endógenos y exógenos. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer si existe un modelo relacional entre regulación ejecutiva y metacognitiva del alto potencial, y el perfeccionismo (un modulador personal de la ACI). Las medidas de funcionamiento ejecutivo, metacognitivo y de perfeccionismo extraídas en una muestra de n = 140 escolares con ACI son analizadas estadísticamente mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, obteniendo dos modelos de relación entre ellos: uno indica que el funcionamiento ejecutivo influye en la metacognición, y el otro indica que el perfeccionismo influye en el funcionamiento ejecutivo. Se concluye y discute la necesidad de realizar análisis precisos de la influencia directa, indirecta o total de estos constructos, con las derivaciones educativas efectivas que guíen la óptima expresión del alto potencial, preservando el bienestar personal.

Abstract The scientific concept of High Intellectual Ability (HIA) is expanded attending the question of discrep ancy between the high cognitive potential and the low performance of some people with HIA. The study of the pathways and conditioning factors that lead to low performance is necessary in order to facilitate the development and optimal expression of high potential. The role of executive and metacognitive regulation of high intellectual resources is highlighted, in interaction with other endogenous and exogenous modulators. The aim of this work is to know if there is a relational model linking executive and metacognitive regulation, and perfectionism (as an endogenous modulator of HIA). The executive, metacognitive and perfectionism measures obtained in a sample of n = 140 schoolchildren, diagnosed as HIA, are statistically analyzed using Structural Equation Models. Two relational models are obtained: one indicating that executive function influences metacognition, and the other indicates that perfectionism influences executive functioning. The need for more concrete analyses of the direct, indirect or total influence among these regulation constructs is concluded and discussed, with derivations for the need of effective measures that guide the optimal expression of HIA, preserving personal well-being.

[Relationship between competence and performance: resources regulation in high capacity]. / Relación entre competencia y rendimiento: regulación de recursos en la alta capacidad.

The scientific concept of High Intellectual Ability (HIA) is expanded attending the question of discrepancy between the high cognitive potential and the low performance of some people with HIA. The study of the pathways and conditioning factors that lead to low performance is necessary in order to facilitate the development and optimal expression of high potential. The role of executive and metacognitive regulation of high intellectual resources is highlighted, in interaction with other endogenous and exogenous modulators. The aim of this work is to know if there is a relational model linking executive and metacognitive regulation, and perfectionism (as an endogenous modulator of HIA). The executive, metacognitive and perfectionism measures obtained in a sample of n = 140 schoolchildren, diagnosed as HIA, are statistically analyzed using Structural Equation Models. Two relational models are obtained: one indicating that executive function influences metacognition, and the other indicates that perfectionism influences executive functioning. The need for more concrete analyses of the direct, indirect or total influence among these regulation constructs is concluded and discussed, with derivations for the need of effective measures that guide the optimal expression of HIA, preserving personal well-being.

El concepto científico de alta capacidad intelectual (ACI) se expande abordando la cuestión de la discrepancia entre el alto potencial y el bajo rendimiento de algunas personas con ACI. Comporta estudiar las trayectorias y condicionantes que conducen al bajo rendimiento para facilitar el desarrollo y expresión óptima del alto potencial, destacando el rol de la regulación ejecutiva y metacognitiva de los altos recursos intelectuales, conjuntamente con otros moduladores endógenos y exógenos. El objetivo del trabajo es conocer si existe un modelo relacional entre regulación ejecutiva y metacognitiva del alto potencial, y el perfeccionismo (un modulador personal de la ACI). Las medidas de funcionamiento ejecutivo, metacognitivo y de perfeccionismo extraídas en una muestra de n = 140 escolares con ACI son analizadas estadísticamente mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, obteniendo dos modelos de relación entre ellos: uno indica que el funcionamiento ejecutivo influye en la metacognición, y el otro indica que el perfeccionismo influye en el funcionamiento ejecutivo. Se concluye y discute la necesidad de realizar análisis precisos de la influencia directa, indirecta o total de estos constructos, con las derivaciones educativas efectivas que guíen la óptima expresión del alto potencial, preservando el bienestar personal.

ARBO: Arbovirus modeling and uncertainty quantification toolbox.

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of mathematical tools to understand and predict outbreaks of severe infectious diseases, including arboviruses such as Zika. To this end, we introduce ARBO, a package for simulation and analysis of arbovirus nonlinear dynamics. The implementation follows a minimalist style, and is intuitive and extensible to many settings of vector-borne disease outbreaks. This paper outlines the main tools that compose ARBO, discusses how recent research works about the Brazilian Zika outbreak have explored the package's capabilities, and describes its potential impact for future works on mathematical epidemiology.

Acculturation, Communication Competence, and Family Functioning in Mexican-American Mother-Daughter Dyads.

Little is known of how intergenerational acculturation discrepancy relates to communication skills differences that may influence relationship quality among parents and adult children. Mexican-American mother-daughter dyads (n = 59) were studied using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model to examine dyadic associations of acculturation and communication competence with family functioning and mediation analysis to determine the indirect effect of acculturation discrepancy on family functioning through communication competence differences. Communication competence of mothers exerted significant actor and partner effects on daughter-perceived cohesion and closeness. Higher acculturation discrepancy predicted greater communication competence difference which in turn was associated with lower cohesion and closeness. There was a significant indirect effect of acculturation discrepancy on daughter-perceived cohesion through communication competence difference. Communication competence of mothers impacts their own as well as their daughters' perceptions of dyad cohesion and closeness. Intergenerational discrepant acculturation contributes to discordant communication skills that impair family functioning, which has implications for psychological well-being.