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Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica y presentación de caso de colangiocarcinoma tubulopapilar. Material y Método: Se revisó la ficha médica y las características clínicas, radiológicas y patológicas del tumor, y la literatura científica respecto al carcinoma tubulopapilar. Caso Clínico: Paciente con ictericia progresiva asociado a baja de peso. El estudio imagenológico muestra amputación del tercio distal del colédoco por tejido de partes blandas, sugerente de colangiocarcinoma. Se realiza endosonografía, arrojando "fragmentos superficiales de adenocarcinoma tubulopapilar". Se realiza duodenopancreatectomía cefálica y, posteriormente, se inicia quimioterapia. Discusión: El colangiocarcinoma es una neoplasia de la vía biliar. Existen diferentes variantes histológicas, entre ellas el colangiocarcinoma tubulopapilar. Su diagnóstico se basa en estudios imagenológicos y anatomopatológicos. El principal hallazgo imagenológico va a depender del patrón de crecimiento tumoral; masiforme, periductal o intraductal. Dentro de los intraductales, se describe un carcinoma biliar con crecimiento tubulopapilar, con fenotipo pancreatobiliar epitelial. En los últimos años han sido de interés por tener mejor pronóstico. Conclusión: El colangiocarcinoma tubulopapilar es una variante histológica poco frecuente del colangiocarcinoma, que se asocia a un mejor pronóstico que otras variantes.
Objective: To conduct a literature review and present a case study of tubulopapillary cholangiocarcinoma. Material and Method: The clinical record and the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of the tumor were reviewed, along with the scientific literature regarding tubulopapillary carcinoma. Case Report: Patient with progressive jaundice associated with weight loss. Imaging studies show amputation of the distal third of the common bile duct by soft tissue, suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma. Endosonography was performed, yielding "superficial fragments of tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma." Subsequently, a cephalic duodenopancreatectomy is performed, followed by chemotherapy. Discussion: Cholangiocarcinoma is a neoplasm of the biliary tract. There are different histological variants, including tubulopapillary cholangiocarcinoma. Its diagnosis is based on imaging and pathological studies. The main imaging finding will depend on the pattern of tumor growth: mass-forming, periductal, or intraductal. Among the intraductal types, a biliary carcinoma with tubulopapillary growth and an epithelial pancreatobiliary phenotype has been described. In recent years, they have been of interest due to their better prognosis. Conclusion: Tubulopapillary cholangiocarcinoma is a rare histological variant of cholangiocarcinoma that is associated with a better prognosis than other variants.
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Introducción: La duodenopancreatectomía cefálica es una operación cada vez más frecuente en pacientes seleccionados. Objetivo: Identificar la morbilidad y la mortalidad concerniente a la duodenopancreatectomía cefálica convencional. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de una serie de 15 casos operados de duodenopancreatectomía cefálica. Se investigaron las variables: estadificación según clasificación tumor, linfonódulo, metástasis (TNM), diagnóstico anatomopatológico, complicaciones, tiempo quirúrgico y estado al egreso. Se utilizaron el número absoluto y el porcentaje como medidas de resumen para las variables estadificación y diagnóstico; la media, la mediana y el rango para el tiempo quirúrgico y el intervalo de confianza para el estado al egreso. Resultados: El diagnóstico anatomopatológico principal fue adenocarcinoma de páncreas con 9 pacientes (60,1 %) y de duodeno con 2 (13,3 %). El estadio posoperatorio IIA fue el que prevaleció con 5 (45,5 %). El retraso del vaciamiento gástrico fue la complicación quirúrgica que prevaleció, con 7 (46,7 %) enfermos, seguida de la fístula biliar con 3 (20,0 %). La fístula pancreática, la lesión de la vena mesentérica superior y la hemorragia posoperatoria se presentaron una sola vez (6,7 %), respectivamente. Estas 2 últimas, provocaron la muerte del enfermo en las primeras 48 horas del posoperatorio. Fallecieron 4 (26,7 %) pacientes de la serie. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones posquirúrgicas se observan principalmente a expensas del retardo del vaciamiento gástrico, la fístula biliar y pancreática. La mortalidad puede estar relacionada con la prolongación del tiempo quirúrgico igual o mayor de 5 horas, con el consiguiente aumento de las pérdidas hemáticas.
Introduction: Cephalic duodenopancreatectomy is an increasingly frequent operation in selected patients. Objective: To identify the morbidity and mortality related to conventional cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. Methods: An observational, descriptive study of a series of 15 cases operated on cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. The variables were investigated: staging according to the Tumor, Linphonod, Metastasis (TNM) classification, pathological diagnosis, complications, surgical time and discharge status. Absolute number and percentage were used as summary measures for the variables staging and diagnosis; mean, median and range for surgical time and confidence interval for discharge status. Results: The main pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with 9 patients (60.1%) and of the duodenum with 2 (13.3%). Postoperative stage IIA was the one that prevailed with 5 (45.5%) patients. Delayed gastric emptying was the prevailing surgical complication, with 7 (46.7%) patients, followed by biliary fistula with 3 (20.0%). Pancreatic fistula, superior mesenteric vein injury, and postoperative hemorrhage occurred only once (6.7%), respectively. These last 2, caused the death of the patient in the first 48 hours of the postoperative period. Four (26.7%) patients in the series died. Conclusions: Postoperative complications are mainly observed at the expense of delayed gastric emptying and biliary and pancreatic fistula. Mortality may be related to the prolongation of surgical time equal to or greater than 5 hours with the consequent increase of blood loss.
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La duodenopancreatectomía cefálica es la única opción con criterio curativo de los tumores periampulares y cabeza de páncreas. El abordaje mínimamente invasivo ha mostrado sus beneficios en la duodenopancreatectomía cefálica lo cual ha llevado a un mayor interés a nivel mundial por esta técnica. El objetivo es describir la técnica utilizada y analizar la evolución que presentaron los primeros casos realizados en Venezuela de duodenopancreatectomía laparoscópica y así dar a conocer nuestra experiencia, es un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de corte transversal; se revisaron 106 historias clínicas, obteniendo 8 casos para este estudio: 5 femeninos y 3 masculinos, los promedios de edad y tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad fueron de 54,15 años y de 7 meses respectivamente, la indicación fue 4 tumores de cabeza de páncreas y 4 periampulares, el índice de masa corporal promedio fue de 23,44 kg/mt2, el tiempo quirúrgico osciló entre 315 475 min, la estancia hospitalaria de 4 24 días, las perdidas hemáticas fueron de 200cc ± 20cc, tres pacientes presentaron complicaciones post operatorias mediatas. En conclusión, los resultados que hemos observado en nuestro reporte inicial de casos de duodenopancreatectomía laparoscópica reúnen las características de otras publicaciones similares y se ratifica los beneficios de este abordaje, la clave para la duodenopancreatectomía laparoscópica de rutina es que sea realizada en centros especializados, con protocolos estandarizados, ejecutado por cirujanos hepatobiliar y pancreática con experiencia en laparoscopia avanzada(AU)
Duodenopancreatectomy is the only option with curative criteria of the periampullary tumors and pancreatic head. The minimally invasive approach has shown its benefits in cephalic duodenopancreatectomy which has led to greater interest worldwide in this technique. The objective is to describe the technique used and analyze the evolution presented by the first cases of laparoscopic duodenopancreatectomy and thus publicize our experience, it is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study; 106 medical records were reviewed, obtaining 8 cases for this study: 5 women and 3 men, the average age and the time of evolution of the disease were 54.15 years and 7 months, the indication was 4 pancreas head and 4 periampullary tumors, the average body mass index was 23, 44 kg/mt2, assisted surgery was performed in 4 patients and 4 totally laparoscopic, the surgical time ranged between 315 - 475 min, and the hospital stay was 4 - 24 days, the blood loss was 200cc ± 20cc, three patients presented mediated postoperative complications. In conclusion, the results we have observed in our initial case report of laparoscopic duodenopancreatectomy meet the characteristics of other similar publications and the benefits of this approach are ratified, the key to routine laparoscopic duodenopancreatectomy is that it is performed in specialized centers, with standardized protocols, executed by surgeons with experience in advanced laparoscopy in addition to hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Laparoscopia , Neoplasias do Colo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente InvasivosRESUMO
El adenocarcinoma pancreático ductal (APD) es la cuarta causa de muerte por cáncer y se proyecta que para el 2030 ocupe el segundo lugar. El pronóstico es sombrío, siendo la sobrevida menor a 9% en 5 años. Se consideró durante mucho tiempo a la resección quirúrgica como el único tratamiento curativo, sin embargo, sólo el 15 a 20% de los pacientes pueden ser beneficiados con la misma. La clasificación pre terapéutica más utilizada es la del National Comprehensive Cáncer Network (NCCN), basada en la relación del tumor con estructuras vasculares, clasificándolos en tumores "resecables", de resección límite "Borderlines" y "localmente avanzados". Se presenta el primer caso registrado en Paraguay de APD con infiltración de la Vena Mesentérica Superior (VMS) tratado con duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC) asociada a resección vascular mayor.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death and is projected to rank second by 2030. The prognosis is bleak, with survival being less than 9% in 5 years. For a long time, surgical resection was considered the only curative treatment, however, only 15 to 20% of patients can benefit from it. The most widely used pre-therapeutic classification is that of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), based on the relationship of the tumor with vascular structures, classifying them into "resectable", "borderline" and "locally advanced" tumors. We present the first registered case in Paraguay of PDA with infiltration of the Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV) treated with cephalic duodenopancreatectomy (CPD) associated with major vascular resection.
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Adenocarcinoma , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Protectomia/métodosRESUMO
Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rare entity, more frequent in women between the 2nd and 4th decades. The diagnosis is usually incidental and it can be reached by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequent pathological confirmation is necessary for an adequate treatment. A retrospective study of six cases was carried out. All the patients were female, between 14 and 56 years of age, in which 50% the tumor were an incidental finding. We had three cases located in the head and three in the body of the pancreas. We performed three pancreaticoduodenectomies and three distal pancreatectomies with splenic preservation, without disease recurrence.
El tumor sólido-quístico de páncreas es poco frecuente y predomina en mujeres entre la segunda y la cuarta décadas de la vida. Los pacientes son generalmente asintomáticos. El diagnóstico se realiza por imágenes con tomografía o resonancia magnética, y con la posterior confirmación patológica para poder ofrecer un tratamiento adecuado. Presentamos una serie de seis casos. Todas las pacientes fueron de sexo femenino, de entre 14 y 56 años. El 50% fueron un hallazgo incidental. Tuvimos tres casos localizados en la cabeza y tres en el cuerpo del páncreas. Se realizaron tres duodenopancreatectomías cefálicas y tres pancreatectomías distales con preservación esplénica, con buena evolución y sin recidiva.
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Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Feminino , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Pâncreas/diagnóstico por imagem , Pâncreas/cirurgia , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: De novo neoplasms are one of the major causes of death in patients after the first year of liver transplantation. The occurrence of sarcomas is extremely rare and the survival is often poor. However, early diagnosis and radical surgical treatment, may benefit some select liver transplant patients. METHOD: We describe the case of a liver transplant patient who developed a locally advanced inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcoma, who underwent radical surgical treatment with resection of the IVC associated with duodenopancreatectomy, right nephrectomy, and IVC reconstruction. We address aspects of the diagnosis and surgical strategy. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates that IVC and multivisceral resections may be feasible and safe in highly selected liver transplant recipients. Major surgery should not be excluded as treatment option in an immunosuppressed liver transplant patient.
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Leiomiossarcoma , Pâncreas , Neoplasias Vasculares , Veia Cava Inferior , Humanos , Leiomiossarcoma/patologia , Leiomiossarcoma/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Pâncreas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Vasculares/patologia , Neoplasias Vasculares/cirurgia , Veia Cava Inferior/cirurgiaRESUMO
Antecedentes: en las últmas décadas se han extendido las indicaciones de duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC). Sin embargo, las series con más de 1000 DPC provienen de unos pocos centros de los Estados Unidos y Europa y ninguna de Latinoamérica. Objetivo: evaluar la morbilidad y mortalidad de 1028 DPC consecutivas realizadas por un mismo equipo quirúrgico. Material y métodos: se analizaron los datos de una base prospectiva de 1028 DPC consecutivas. Se determinaron los datos demográficos, la indicación de la cirugía, el intervalo de tempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y la primera consulta, la clasificación de la American Society of Anesthesiologistis (ASA), el tipo de técnica quirúrgica, el tempo operatorio, la colocación de drenaje biliar previo, el diagnóstico anatomopatológico, la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Se compararon la morbilidad y la mortalidad de la DPC en dos centros de salud. Resultados: las 1028 DPC se realizaron en un período comprendido entre julio de 1994 y diciembre de 2014. La edad promedio fue 59,6 años y 565 pacientes (55%) fueron de sexo masculino. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron tumor de páncreas (n=262) y tumor de papila (n=249). En 670 casos se diagnosticó patología maligna. El promedio de tempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y la primera consulta fue de 71 días (rango 10 a 123 días). En 461 pacientes (44%) se drenó la vía biliar antes de la cirugía. En 399 pacientes (35,3%) se registraron una o varias complicaciones. La fistula pancreática (21%) y el vaciamiento gástrico retardado (11%) fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Se registró una mortalidad del 3,1% (32 pacientes). Todas las DPC fueron realizadas en dos centros, uno público (n=642) y el otro privado (n=386). Los pacientes operados en el centro público tuvieron en forma signi-ficativa mayor morbilidad (46% vs. 27%, p> 0,001) y mortalidad (4% vs. 1,5%, p< 0,001). Conclusión: la DPC realizada por cirujanos de alto volumen en cirugía pancreática tene elevada morbilidad, pero baja mortalidad. A pesar de los buenos resultados globales, la morbimortalidad de la DPC en un centro público fue significativamente mayor que la del centro privado.
Background: in recent decades the indicatons for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has been extended. However, series of patentis with more than 1000 PD come from a few center in the USA and Europe and none from Latin America. Objective: to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of 1028 consecutive PD performed by the same surgical team. Material and methods: we analyzed data from a prospective data base of 1028 consecutive PD. The demographic data, the indicaton of surgery, the tme interval between the onset of symptoms and the frst consultaton, the classificaton of the ASA, the type of surgical technique, operative tme, placement of biliary drainage, the anatomopathological diagnosis, the morbidity and the mortality was determined. We compared the morbidity and mortality of the PD at two diferent health centers Resultis: the 1028 PD were performed in a period between July 1994 and December 2014. The mean age was 59.6 years and 565 (55%) were male. The most frequent indicatons were pancreatic tumor (n = 262) and ampullary tumor (n = 249). Malignant tumors were found in 670 patentis. The average tme between onset of symptoms and the frst consultaton was 71 days (range 10-123 days). Preoperative biliary drainage were performed in 461 (44%) patentis. Morbility was 35.3% (399 patentis). Pancreatic fistula (21%) and delayed gastric emptying (11%) were the most frequent complicatons. All PD were performed at two centers, one public (n = 642) and the other private (n = 386). Patentis operated at the private center had significantly lower morbidity (27% vs 46%, p <0.001) and mortality (1.5% vs 4%, p <0.001) Conclusion: the DPC performed by high-volume surgeons in pancreatic surgery has high morbility, but low mortality. Despite the overall good performance, morbidity and mortality of the DPC in a public center was significantly higher than the private center.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Morbidade , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/mortalidade , Pâncreas , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Antecedentes: la duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC) es la cirugía indicada para el tratamiento de los tumores ampulares y periampulares. El abordaje totalmente laparoscópico es técnicamente dificil de realizar pues requiere mucha destreza y experiencia por parte del equipo quirúrgico. La dificultad técnica de la pancreato-yeyuno anastomosis es quizás el factor limitante para confeccionar la duode-nopancreatectomía cefálica enteramente por vía laparoscópica. Objetivo: mostrar la técnica de reconstrucción laparoscópica con la pancreato-yeyuno anastomosis ductomucosa con la técnica de Blumgart modificada. Lugares de aplicación: Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Hospital Luciano y Mariano de la Vega, Hospital Argerich. Material y Métodos: se analizaron los pacientes operados enteramente por vía laparoscópica. Dichos pacientes fueron reconstruidos con una sola asa, realizando una pancreato-yeyuno anastomosis con la técnica de Blumgart modificada. Resultados: en los pacientes con DPC totalmente laparoscópica, el páncreas fue de textura intermedia en 3 pacientes y en 2 con textura blanda. El tempo operatorio medio fue 384 minutos. La estadía hospitalaria media fue 12 días. Dos pacientes desarrollaron fistula pancreática tipo A. Un paciente presentó retardo del vaciamiento gástrico que resolvió espontáneamente. Conclusiones: la reconstrucción completa por vía laparoscópica es factble y totalmente reproducible con la misma técnica que se utliza por vía laparotómica.
Background: pancreatoduodenectomy is the procedure indicated for the treatment of ampullary and periampullary tumors. The total laparoscopic approach for pancreatoduodenectomy is technically dificult to perform requiring skill and great experience of the surgical team. The technical dificulty of the pancreatojejunostomy is perhaps the limiting factor to perform the pancreatoduodenectomy totally laparoscopic. Objective: to describe the technique of the laparoscopic reconstructon using the pancreatojejunos-tomy according to the Blumgart modifed technique. Material and methods: patentis operated entrely by totally laparoscopic approach were analyzed. These patentis were reconstructed performing a pancreatojejunostomy with the Blumgart modifed technique. Resultis: in patentis with totally laparoscopic approach, pancreas texture was intermediatein 3 pa-tentis and 2 had sof texture. The average operating tme was 384 minutes. The average hospital stay was 12 days. Two patentis developed pancreatic fistula type A. One patent had delayed gastric emp-tying which resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: total laparoscopic reconstructon is feasible and reproducible with the same technique used by laparotomy.
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Humanos , Pancreaticojejunostomia/métodos , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/métodos , Pâncreas , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Laparoscopia , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , Neurilemoma/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intramural duodenal haematoma is a rare entity that usually occurs in the context of patients with coagulation disorders. A minimum percentage is related to processes such as pancreatitis and pancreatic tumours. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 45 year-old male with a history of chronic pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. He was seen in the emergency room due to abdominal pain, accompanied by toxic syndrome. The abdominal computed tomography reported increased concentric duodenal wall thickness, in the second and third portion. After oesophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy, he presented with haemorrhagic shock. He had emergency surgery, finding a hemoperitoneum, duodenopancreatic tumour with intense inflammatory component, as well a small bowel perforation of third duodenal portion. A cephalic duodenopancreatectomy was performed with pyloric preservation and reconstruction with Roux-Y. DISCUSSION: Treatment of a duodenal haematoma is nasogastric decompression, blood transfusion and correction of coagulation abnormalities. Surgery is indicated in the cases in which there is no improvement after 2 weeks of treatment, or there is suspicion of malignancy or major complications arise. CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal intramural haematoma secondary to chronic pancreatitis is rare, although the diagnosis should be made with imaging and, if suspected, start conservative treatment and surgery only in complicated cases.
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Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Duodenopatias/complicações , Hematoma/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
In the last few years, robotic surgery has started to take its place in pancreatic surgery. Robotic surgery provides advantages such as enhanced visualisation and freedom of dissection within a confined space and also allows economical surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and short-term outcome of the robotic approach using the da Vinci robotic system in pancreatic/peripancreatic tumors other than pancreatic carcinomas. Fifteen patients with eight intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, four pancreatic neuroendocrine and three periampulary tumors were included in this initial series. Seven left pancreatectomies, five pancreatoduodenectomies and two total pancreatectomies were performed at Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. The mean operating room time for all the procedures was 503 min (315-775 min). Blood transfusion was necessary in one patient (3 units). The mean length of stay for all patients was 16 days (5-52 days). Large series of robotic pancreatic surgery should be described and the decision as to its routine use will come from cumulative experience. This surgical system allows difficult procedures to be performed more easily, effectively and precisely.