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1.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 157(11): 513-523, diciembre 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215982

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer la edad vascular (EV) de una muestra de población general del área sanitaria de Toledo incluida en el estudio RICARTO.Pacientes y métodoEstudio epidemiológico transversal realizado en población general ≥18 años, aleatorizada según tarjeta sanitaria. La EV se calculó a partir del riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) absoluto estimado con las escalas de Framingham y SCORE (la presencia de diabetes mellitus duplicó el RCV obtenido en varones y lo cuadruplicó en mujeres). Se excluyeron los sujetos con patología cardiovascular o renal. Se realizó ANCOVA para ajustar y comparar las medias de EV por edad y sexo.ResultadosSe analizaron 1.496 individuos (53,54% mujeres), con una edad media (DE) de 48,77 (14,89) años. La EV media fue 51,37 (19,13) años con Framingham y 57,09 (17,63) años con SCORE, resultando significativamente mayor en varones, nivel de estudios bajo, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, hipertrigliceridemia, diabetes mellitus, obesidad abdominal, obesidad general, tabaquismo y en sujetos con 5 factores de RCV frente a ninguno (p<0,001 en todos). Las mayores diferencias (D de Cohen >0,5) se hallaron entre no diabéticos y diabéticos (1,58 Framingham; 2,44 SCORE), normotensos e hipertensos (1,64 Framingham; 1,19 SCORE) y no dislipidémicos y dislipidémicos (0,95 Framingham; 0,66 SCORE).ConclusionesEn nuestra muestra la EV es 2,5años superior a la cronológica con la ecuación de Framingham y más de 8años con la del SCORE. El control de los factores de RCV es clave para lograr una EV más próxima a la real y lograr una mejor salud cardiovascular de la población. (AU)


Objective: To know the vascular age (VA) of a sample of general population included in the RICARTO study.Patients and methodEpidemiological study of the general population aged ≥18 from the Health Area of Toledo, based on the health card database. VA was calculated from the absolute cardiovascular risk (CVR) estimated with the Framingham and SCORE equations (type2 diabetes increased CVR in SCORE 2-fold in men and 4-fold in women). Patients with cardiovascular or renal disease were excluded. An ANCOVA analysis was conducted to adjust and compare the mean of VA by age and sex.Results1,496 subjects (53.54% women) were analyzed. Mean (SD) age was 48.77 (14.89) years old and. Mean VA was 51.37 (19.13) with Framingham equation and 57.09 (17.63) years old with SCORE equation. VA was significantly higher in men, low education level, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, general obesity, smoking and in individuals with 5CVR factors vs none (P<.001 in all). Higher differences (Cohen's D >0.5) were found in non-diabetic vs diabetic people (1.58 Framingham; 2.44 SCORE), normotensive vs hypertensive subjects (1.64 Framingham; 1.19 SCORE), and non-dyslipidemia vs presence of dyslipidemia (0.95 Framingham; 0.66 SCORE).ConclusionsVA of our sample is two and a half years older than chronological one with Framingham equation and more than eight years with SCORE equation. Control of CVR factors is the key to get a VA closer to real and to obtain a better cardiovascular health in the population. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Pressão Arterial , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
2.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 157(11): 513-523, 2021 12 10.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33183766

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To know the vascular age (VA) of a sample of general population included in the RICARTO study. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Epidemiological study of the general population aged ≥18 from the Health Area of Toledo, based on the health card database. VA was calculated from the absolute cardiovascular risk (CVR) estimated with the Framingham and SCORE equations (type2 diabetes increased CVR in SCORE 2-fold in men and 4-fold in women). Patients with cardiovascular or renal disease were excluded. An ANCOVA analysis was conducted to adjust and compare the mean of VA by age and sex. RESULTS: 1,496 subjects (53.54% women) were analyzed. Mean (SD) age was 48.77 (14.89) years old and. Mean VA was 51.37 (19.13) with Framingham equation and 57.09 (17.63) years old with SCORE equation. VA was significantly higher in men, low education level, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, general obesity, smoking and in individuals with 5CVR factors vs none (P<.001 in all). Higher differences (Cohen's D >0.5) were found in non-diabetic vs diabetic people (1.58 Framingham; 2.44 SCORE), normotensive vs hypertensive subjects (1.64 Framingham; 1.19 SCORE), and non-dyslipidemia vs presence of dyslipidemia (0.95 Framingham; 0.66 SCORE). CONCLUSIONS: VA of our sample is two and a half years older than chronological one with Framingham equation and more than eight years with SCORE equation. Control of CVR factors is the key to get a VA closer to real and to obtain a better cardiovascular health in the population.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hipertensão , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 74(10): 854-861, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33132098

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to study the relationship of healthy vascular aging (HVA) with lifestyle and the components of metabolic syndrome. We also analyzed the differences between chronological age and heart age (HA) and vascular age (VA) in the Spanish adult population without cardiovascular disease. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study selected 501 individuals without cardiovascular disease (mean age, 55.9 years; 50.3% women) via random sampling stratified by age and sex. HA was estimated with the Framingham equation, whereas VA was estimated with the VaSera VS-1500 device. HVA was defined as a <5-year difference between the chronological age and the HA or VA and the absence of a vascular lesion, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Compared with the chronological age, the mean HA and VA were 2.98±10.13 and 3.08±10.15 years lower, respectively. Smoking (OR, 0.23), blood pressure ≥ 130/85mmHg (OR, 0.11), altered baseline blood glucose (OR, 0.45), abdominal obesity (OR, 0.58), triglycerides ≥ 150mg/dL (OR, 0.17), and metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.13) decreased the probability of HVA estimated by HA; an active lifestyle (OR, 1.84) and elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (OR, 3.26) increased the probability of HVA estimated by HA. Smoking (OR, 0.45), blood pressure ≥ 130/85mmHg (OR, 0.26), altered baseline blood glucose (OR, 0.42), and metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.40) decreased the probability of HVA estimated by VA; abdominal obesity (OR, 1.81) had the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS: HA and VA were 3 years lower than the chronological age. HA was associated with tobacco consumption, physical activity, and the components of metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, VA was associated with tobacco consumption, blood pressure, waist circumference, and altered baseline glycemia. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02623894.


Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Envelhecimento , Estudos Transversais , Estilo de Vida , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
4.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 61(272): 25-31, abr. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-996360

RESUMO

Introducción. El envejecimiento vascular acelerado (EVA) puede ser detectado por ecografía vascular midiendo el espesor miointimal carotídeo (EMC) y/o la rigidez arterial (RA). El objetivo fue estimar la presencia de EVA en niños y adolescentes con alto riesgo vascular. Material y método. Se incluyeron pacientes Diabéticos tipo 1 (DM1), dislipidémicos familiares (DLP) y obesos. Se evaluaron el EMC y determinantes de la RA, y se compararon los resultados con tablas de percentilos para niños y adolescentes sanos ya publicadas. Cuando el EMC y/o los índices de RA superaron el percentilo 95, se informó como EVA. El análisis estadístico se realizó con SPSS 20., Los datos discretos fueron presentados como frecuencia en porcentaje. Se utilizó el chi cuadrado para comparar las variables dicotómicas. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0,05. Resultados. De un total de 199 pacientes, 54,8% eran mujeres (109), edad media de 12,6 años ± 3,4 años. Con DM1: el 41,7%; DLP: 32,2%; y obesos: 25,6%. Presentaron EMC anormal el 34,7% (69 pacientes). Los obesos tuvieron menor alteración del EMC (p=0,002), siendo los varones los más afectados: el 43,3%, p= 0,02. A 141 pacientes se les realizaron mediciones de RA, que fueron anormales en el 46,1% (65 pacientes), sin diferencias por sexo o diagnóstico. La presencia de EVA medida por ambos métodos alcanzó al 58% de la muestra. Conclusiones. Presentó EVA el 58% de los pacientes. Un tercio tuvo EMC anormal, que fue más frecuente en los varones, en los pacientes con diabetes y en los dislipidé- micos. La mitad de las mediciones de la rigidez arterial fueron anormales, independientemente del diagnóstico o del sexo. Futuros estudios serán necesarios para determinar la utilidad clínica de estos hallazgos.


Introduction. Early vascular aging can be detected by vascular ultrasound measuring the carotid intima media thickness and/or the arterial stiffness. The objective was to estimate the presence of early vascular aging in children and adolescents with high vascular risk. Material and method. Type 1 diabetic patients, patients with familial dyslipidemia and obese patients were included. The carotid intima media thickness and determinants of arterial stiffness were evaluated, and the results were compared to already published percentile tables of healthy children and adolescents. When the carotid intima media thickness and/or the arterial stiffness indexes exceeded 95th percentile, it was informed as early vascular aging. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Data are shown as mean ±SD, median or percentage. Comparisons of dichotomous variables (percentage) were made using χ2 test. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results. Out of a total of 199 patients, 54.8% were females (109 patients), with mean age of 12.6 years ± 3.4 years. With type 1 diabetes: 41.7%; familial dyslipidemia: 32.2%; obesity: 25.6%. 34.7% (69 patients) presented with abnormal carotid intima media thickness. Obese patients had minor alteration of the carotid intima media thickness (p = 0,002), and males were the most affected ones: 43.3%, p = 0.02. Arterial stiffness was measured in 141 patients, which was abnormal in 46.1% (65 patients), with no age or diagnosis difference. The presence of early vascular aging measured by both methods reached 58% of the sample. Conclusions. Early vascular aging occurred in 58% of the patients. One third had abnormal carotid intima media thickness, which was more frequent in males, in diabetic patients and patients with dyslipidemia. Half of the arterial stiffness measurements were abnormal, independent of diagnosis or sex. Further studies will be required to determine the clinical utility of these findings.


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Obesidade , Pediatria , Dislipidemias , Rigidez Vascular
5.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 24(5): 488-495, sep.-oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-900568

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar a corto plazo el efecto de un programa integral de prevención cardiovascular guiado por el riesgo de aterosclerosis sobre la edad vascular y factores de riesgo mayores. Métodos: estudio de intervención cuasi-experimental que incluyó 190 pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades y dos o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular, entre 2013 y 2015. Los casos analizados (n = 177) presentaban múltiples factores de riesgo o síndrome metabólico, razón por la cual recibieron un programa integral de tratamiento guiado por una estratificación clínica de aterosclerosis. Se hizo un seguimiento durante tres meses y se compararon: presión arterial, perfil lipídico, HbA1c, medidas antropométricas, riesgo cardiovascular global a 10 años y edad vascular, antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: se observó disminución en la presión arterial sistólica de 6,9 mm Hg (IC 95%; 4,6- 9,3; p < 0,001), presión arterial diastólica de 2,8 mm Hg (IC 95%; 1,3-4,3; p < 0,001), colesterol total de 10,1 mg/dl (IC 95%; 2,5-17,7; p = 0,010), colesterol LDL de 9,9 mg/dl (IC 95%; 2,1- 17,6; p = 0,013) y HbA1c de 0,4% (IC 95%; 0,2-0,6; p < 0,001). Además, reducción del riesgo cardiovascular global a 10 años del 4,8% (IC 95%; 3,2-6,5; p < 0,001), así como de la edad vascular de 1,4 años (IC 95%; 0,6-2,3; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: a corto plazo, en pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades, el programa integral de prevención cardiovascular implementado, guiado por el riesgo de aterosclerosis, mostró una reducción en las cifras de presión arterial, colesterol total, colesterol LDL, HbA1c, puntaje de riesgo cardiovascular global a 10 años y edad vascular.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the short-term effects on vascular age and other major risk factors of an integrated atherosclerosis risk-guided cardiovascular prevention program. Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted between the years 2013 to 2015 on 190 patients with multiple comorbidities and two or more cardiovascular risk factors. Of the cases analysed, the 177 patients that had multiple risk factors or metabolic síndrome entered the integrated atherosclerosis clinical stratification-guided program. The variables measured before and after the intervention during a three months follow-up, included blood pressure, lipid profile, HbA1c, anthropometric measurements, overall 10-year cardiovascular risk, and vascular age. Results: Decreases were observed in, the mean systolic blood pressure (6.9 mmHg, 95% CI; 4.6-9.3, P<.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.8 mmHg, 95% CI; 1.3-4.3, P<.001), Total Cholesterol (10.1 mg/dl, 95% CI; 2.5-17.7; P=.010), LDL Cholesterol (9.9 mg/dl, 95% CI; 2.1-17.6; P=.013), and HbA1c (0.4%, 95% CI; 0.2-0.6, P<.001). There was also a reduction in the overall 10-year cardiovascular risk (4.8%, 95% CI; 3.2-6.5, P<.001)), as well as vascular age (1.4 years, 95% CI; 0.6-2.3, P<.001)). Conclusions: In the short-term, the integrated atherosclerosis risk-guided cardiovascular prevention program implemented in patients with multiple comorbidities showed a reduction in blood pressure levels, as well as those for Total Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, HbA1c, the overall 10-year cardiovascular risk score, and vascular age.


Assuntos
Humanos , Sistema Cardiovascular , Aterosclerose
6.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 16(4): 25-31, oct.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-989880

RESUMO

Objetivo: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares que cada año tienen mayor prevalencia en el país, son producto de factores de riesgo, muchos de ellos modificables y que se pueden prevenir. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido conocer y analizar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y determinar la edad vascular en la población de Lima. Material y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en el mes de marzo 2016, en los conos sur, norte y este de Lima Metropolitana, en mayores de 30 años y menores de 75 años, La encuesta estructurada para el estudio, recopilaba las siguientes variables: género, edad, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, diabetes, nivel de actividad física y el tipo de dieta. Se registró la presión arterial, peso y talla. Resultados: En total fueron incluidos 485 participantes, 197 varones y 288 mujeres. La edad fue 49,5±9,9 años. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la dieta no saludable (47,6%), seguido por el sedentarismo (42,5%). La hipertensión arterial se evidenció en un 20,8%, siendo más frecuente en los varones. El 85,2% no fumaban y el sobrepeso se encontró en un 47,2%, siendo su frecuencia mayor en las mujeres. El bajo riesgo se determinó en un 60,4% y predominó en el sexo femenino, mientras que el alto riesgo fue 18,6% y caracterizó a los varones. La edad vascular promedio fue mayor en 1,4 años que la edad cronológica, siendo más marcada en los varones, en quienes la diferencia fue de 5,8 años entre los 50 a 59 años. Conclusiones: El factor de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuente ha sido la dieta no saludable seguida por el sedentarismo. El alto riesgo fue un 18,6%, predominando en los varones. Los hombres entre los 50 a 59 años tiene una edad vascular 5,8 años mayor que la cronológica.


Objetive: Cardiovascular diseases that every year have more prevalence in the country, are the product of risky factors, many of them modifiable and preventable. The objective of the present study has been to know and analyze the factors of cardiovascular risk and determine the vascular age in the population of Lima. Material and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study, carried out in March 2016, in the southern, northern and eastern cones of Metropolitan Lima, in people older than 30 and younger than 75 years old. The survey structured for the study collected the following variables: gender, age, arterial hypertension, smoking, diabetes, physical activity and type of diet. Blood presure, weight and tall were recorded. Results: In total, 485 participants were included, 197 men and 288 women. The age was 49,5± 9,9 years old. The more frequent risky factor was the unhealthy diet (47,6%), followed by sedentary lifestyle (42,5%). Arterial hypertension was observed in 20,8%, being more frequent in men. 85.2% did not smoke and overweight was found in 47.2%, being its frequency higher in women. The low risk was determined in 60,4% and it was predominant in women, while higher risk was 18.6% in men. The average cardiovascular age was higher in 1,4 years compared to the chronological age beign more marked in men, in whom the difference was 5,8 years between 50 and 59 years old. Conclusions: The more frecuente cardiovascular risk has been unhealthy diet followed by sedentary lifestyle. The high risk was 18,6% predominating in men. Men between 50 and 59 years old have a cardiovascular age 5,8 years higher than the chronological age.

7.
Rev. medica electron ; 38(2): 211-226, mar.-abr. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-779748

RESUMO

Introducción: con el desarrollo de la sociedad y los cambios en el estilo de vida, las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en el mundo y en Cuba. Son prevenibles si se actúa sobre sus factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, que se estratifican estimando el riesgo cardiovascular global. Se engloba los principales factores en tablas, que determinan la probabilidad de presentar una enfermedades cardiovasculares en 5 o 10 años. La edad vascular se calcula a partir del riesgo cardiovascular global. Es una herramienta útil para motivar a los pacientes a eliminar los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares. Por lo anterior, los autores se propusieron revisar referentes teóricos del riesgo cardiovascular global y la edad vascular. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual de Infomed. Fueron revisados 231 trabajos científicos sin limitación de año y país, seleccionándose 49. Desarrollo: se caracterizaron 14 tablas que calculan el riesgo cardiovascular global, a partir del estudio de Framingham. En Cuba, fueron utilizadas las clásicas de Framingham, Organización Mundial de la Salud, Sociedad Internacional de Hipertensión y Gaziano sin laboratorio. La edad vascular de un individuo, es igual a la edad que tendría una persona con igual riesgo cardiovascular global, pero con todos los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en niveles normales. Esto tiene una gran carga emocional que conlleva a que el paciente tome medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: las tablas que estratifican el riesgo cardiovascular global, deben ser ajustadas a la realidad epidemiológica de cada país. De las tablas utilizadas en Cuba, la de Gaziano sin laboratorio es la más factible de aplicar. La edad vascular es una forma fácil de comunicar el riesgo de sufrir unas enfermedades cardiovasculares.


Background: with the society development and changes in life style, cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world and in Cuba. They could be preventable if acting on their cardiovascular risk factors that are stratified estimating the global cardiovascular risk. The main factors are summed up in tables, determining the possibility of presenting a cardiovascular disease in 5 or 10 years. Cardiovascular age is calculated on the basis of the global cardiovascular risk. It is a useful tool for motivating patients to eliminate the cardiovascular risk factors. For all the before said, the authors planed to review theoretical referents of the global cardiovascular risk and the vascular age. Materials and Methods: it was carried out a search in the Virtual Library of Infomed. 231 works were reviewed without year or country limitation, selecting 49 of them. Development: there they were characterized 14 tables calculating the global cardiovascular risk factor, beginning from Framinghan study. In Cuba, it were used the classic ones of Framinghan, World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension and Gaziano without laboratory teats. An individual’s vascular age is the same as it would be the age of a person with one and the same global vascular risk, but with all the cardiovascular risk factors at normal levels. This has a great emotional load leading the patient to take preventive measures. Conclusions: the tables stratifying the global cardiovascular risk should be adjusted to the epidemiologic reality of each country. Of all the tables used in Cuba, Gaziano´s without laboratory test is the most workable one. Vascular age is an easy form of communicating the risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases.

8.
Rev. medica electron ; 38(2)mar.-abr. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-63506

RESUMO

Introducción: con el desarrollo de la sociedad y los cambios en el estilo de vida, las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en el mundo y en Cuba. Son prevenibles si se actúa sobre sus factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, que se estratifican estimando el riesgo cardiovascular global. Se engloba los principales factores en tablas, que determinan la probabilidad de presentar una enfermedades cardiovasculares en 5 o 10 años. La edad vascular se calcula a partir del riesgo cardiovascular global. Es una herramienta útil para motivar a los pacientes a eliminar los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares. Por lo anterior, los autores se propusieron revisar referentes teóricos del riesgo cardiovascular global y la edad vascular. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual de Infomed. Fueron revisados 231 trabajos científicos sin limitación de año y país, seleccionándose 49. Desarrollo: se caracterizaron 14 tablas que calculan el riesgo cardiovascular global, a partir del estudio de Framingham. En Cuba, fueron utilizadas las clásicas de Framingham, Organización Mundial de la Salud, Sociedad Internacional de Hipertensión y Gaziano sin laboratorio. La edad vascular de un individuo, es igual a la edad que tendría una persona con igual riesgo cardiovascular global, pero con todos los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en niveles normales. Esto tiene una gran carga emocional que conlleva a que el paciente tome medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: las tablas que estratifican el riesgo cardiovascular global, deben ser ajustadas a la realidad epidemiológica de cada país. De las tablas utilizadas en Cuba, la de Gaziano sin laboratorio es la más factible de aplicar. La edad vascular es una forma fácil de comunicar el riesgo de sufrir unas enfermedades cardiovasculares(AU)


Background: with the society development and changes in life style, cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death in the world and in Cuba. They could be preventable if acting on their cardiovascular risk factors that are stratified estimating the global cardiovascular risk. The main factors are summed up in tables, determining the possibility of presenting a cardiovascular disease in 5 or 10 years. Cardiovascular age is calculated on the basis of the global cardiovascular risk. It is a useful tool for motivating patients to eliminate the cardiovascular risk factors. For all the before said, the authors planed to review theoretical referents of the global cardiovascular risk and the vascular age. Materials and Methods: it was carried out a search in the Virtual Library of Infomed. 231 works were reviewed without year or country limitation, selecting 49 of them. Development: there they were characterized 14 tables calculating the global cardiovascular risk factor, beginning from Framinghan study. In Cuba, it were used the classic ones of Framinghan, World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension and Gaziano without laboratory teats. An individuals vascular age is the same as it would be the age of a person with one and the same global vascular risk, but with all the cardiovascular risk factors at normal levels. This has a great emotional load leading the patient to take preventive measures. Conclusions: the tables stratifying the global cardiovascular risk should be adjusted to the epidemiologic reality of each country. Of all the tables used in Cuba, Gaziano´s without laboratory test is the most workable one. Vascular age is an easy form of communicating the risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto
9.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 15(2): 26-34, abr.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-753815

RESUMO

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares ocupan el cuarto lugar de carga de enfermedad en Perú, y en los últimos 7 años, la población de alto riesgo cardiovascular se ha incrementado. OBJETIVO: Determinar el riesgo cardiovascular y edad vascular según el score de Framingham de los pacientes del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza así como determinar su factor de riesgo más prevalente. Y las características clínicas de los pacientes con mediano y alto riesgo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Se encuestaron a 238 pacientes hospitalizados en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del hospital. Se consideró: edad, género, diabetes, tabaquismo, IMC y presión arterial. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa SPSS v.21. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que el mayor porcentaje de la población de estudio presentó mediano y alto riesgo, siendo el factor más prevalente la diabetes y la mayoría hombres. La diferencia entre la edad cronológica y la edad vascular fue en promedio 6,9 años. CONCLUSIÓN: La población estudiada tuvo mediano y alto riesgo por lo que se deberían tomar medidas de prevención primaria y secundaria.


Cardiovascular diseases rank fourth place of disease burden in Peru, and in the last 7 years, the population of high cardiovascular risk has increased. OBJECTIVE: Determine the cardiovascular risk and vascular age according to the Framingham score in patients attending the "Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza", as well as to determine the most prevalent factor. Furthermore, to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with mild and high risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. 238 hospitalized patients in internal medicine wards were surveyed. Variables such as age, gender, diabetes, smoking, BMI and blood pressure were considered. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.21. RESULTS: The highest percentage of the population was found within the mild and high risk categories, with diabetes being the most prevalent factor. The average difference between chronological age and vascular age was 6.9 years. CONCLUSION: The majority of the population has mild and high risk, thus primary and secondary prevention measures should be taken. (Horiz Med 2015; 15(2): 27-34)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fármacos Cardiovasculares , Medição de Risco , Angiopatias Diabéticas , Estudos Transversais , Estudo Observacional
10.
Rev. medica electron ; 37(2): 141-153, mar.-abr. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-744046

RESUMO

Introducción: la cardiopatía isquémica es una enfermedad que afecta los vasos sanguíneos coronarios y provoca isquemia e infarto del miocardio. Constituyó en el 2013 la primera causa de muerte en el mundo, en Cuba y en la provincia de Matanzas, considerándose un problema de salud, por lo que los autores se propusieron revisar referentes teóricos de la cardiopatía isquémica. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de Infomed. Fueron revisados 483 trabajos sin limitación de año y país, seleccionándose 40 trabajos científicos. Desarrollo: la aterosclerosis como principal causa de cardiopatía isquémica, tiene origen multifactorial y es susceptible de empeorar por el estilo de vida de las personas. Los factores más importantes que contribuyen a su surgimiento, son tabaquismo, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemias, sedentarismo, obesidad, entre otros. Uno o más de estos factores pueden estar presentes en un mismo individuo, por lo que se estratifica el riesgo. Es el llamado riesgo cardiovascular global, estimado a través de diferentes tablas. Recientemente se utiliza la edad vascular para valorar dicho riesgo. Conclusiones: prevenir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular constituye un desafío para la atención primaria de salud, ya que es en este nivel de atención, donde se realiza la labor educativa a la población, se promueve salud y se previenen enfermedades. La detección y control de estos factores sigue siendo una estrategia preventiva esencial.


Background: ischemic cardiopathy is a disease affecting the coronary blood vessels and provoking ischemia and myocardial infarct. In 2013 it was the first cause of death in the world, in Cuba and in the province of Matanzas. It is considered a health problem; that is why the authors proposed to review theoretical referents of ischemic cardiopathy. Material and methods: we made a search in the Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (Health Virtual Library in English) of Infomed. We reviewed 483 titles without limits of year and country of publication, choosing 40 scientific works. Development: atherosclerosis, as a main cause of ischemic cardiopathy, has multifactorial origins and it is susceptible of worsening due to the life style of the persons. The most important factors contributing to its appearance are smoking, type II diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, sedentary life style, obesity, among others. One or more of these factors could be present in the same individual, so the risk is stratified. It is the so called global cardiovascular risk, estimated through different charts. Vascular age is currently used to assess that risk. Conclusions: preventing cardiovascular risk factors is a challenge for the primary health care, because it is at this health care level where the educative work, health promotion and disease prevention are carried out among the population. These factors detention and control is still an essential preventive strategy.

11.
Rev. medica electron ; 37(2)mar.-abr. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-59581

RESUMO

Introducción: la cardiopatía isquémica es una enfermedad que afecta los vasos sanguíneos coronarios y provoca isquemia e infarto del miocardio. Constituyó en el 2013 la primera causa de muerte en el mundo, en Cuba y en la provincia de Matanzas, considerándose un problema de salud, por lo que los autores se propusieron revisar referentes teóricos de la cardiopatía isquémica. Materiales y métodos: se desarrolló una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de Infomed. Fueron revisados 483 trabajos sin limitación de año y país, seleccionándose 40 trabajos científicos.Desarrollo: la aterosclerosis como principal causa de cardiopatía isquémica, tiene origen multifactorial y es susceptible de empeorar por el estilo de vida de las personas. Los factores más importantes que contribuyen a su surgimiento, son tabaquismo, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemias, sedentarismo, obesidad, entre otros. Uno o más de estos factores pueden estar presentes en un mismo individuo, por lo que se estratifica el riesgo. Es el llamado riesgo cardiovascular global, estimado a través de diferentes tablas. Recientemente se utiliza la edad vascular para valorar dicho riesgo.Conclusiones: prevenir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular constituye un desafío para la atención primaria de salud, ya que es en este nivel de atención, donde se realiza la labor educativa a la población, se promueve salud y se previenen enfermedades. La detección y control de estos factores sigue siendo una estrategia preventiva esencial(AU)


Background: ischemic cardiopathy is a disease affecting the coronary blood vessels and provoking ischemia and myocardial infarct. In 2013 it was the first cause of death in the world, in Cuba and in the province of Matanzas. It is considered a health problem; that is why the authors proposed to review theoretical referents of ischemic cardiopathy. Material and methods: we made a search in the Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (Health Virtual Library in English) of Infomed. We reviewed 483 titles without limits of year and country of publication, choosing 40 scientific works. Development: atherosclerosis, as a main cause of ischemic cardiopathy, has multifactorial origins and it is susceptible of worsening due to the life style of the persons. The most important factors contributing to its appearance are smoking, type II diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, sedentary life style, obesity, among others. One or more of these factors could be present in the same individual, so the risk is stratified. It is the so called global cardiovascular risk, estimated through different charts. Vascular age is currently used to assess that risk.Conclusions: preventing cardiovascular risk factors is a challenge for the primary health care, because it is at this health care level where the educative work, health promotion and disease prevention are carried out among the population. These factors detention and control is still an essential preventive strategy(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/prevenção & controle , Aterosclerose/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto
12.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 67(2): 94-100, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24795115

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In Spain, various SCORE tables are available to estimate cardiovascular risk: tables for low-risk countries, tables calibrated for the Spanish population, and tables that include high-density lipoprotein values. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of using one or another SCORE table in clinical practice. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study carried out in two primary health care centers, individuals aged 40 to 65 years in whom blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were recorded between March 2010 and March 2012 were selected. Patients with diabetes or a history of cardiovascular disease were excluded. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using SCORE for low-risk countries, SCORE with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the calibrated SCORE. RESULTS: Cardiovascular risk was estimated in 3716 patients. The percentage of patients at high or very high risk was 1.24% with SCORE with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 4.73% with the low-risk SCORE, and 15.44% with the calibrated SCORE (P<.01). Treatment with lipid-lowering drugs would be recommended in 10.23% of patients using the calibrated SCORE, 3.12% of patients using the low-risk SCORE, and 0.67% of patients using SCORE with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: The calibrated SCORE table classifies a larger number of patients at high or very high risk than the SCORE for low-risk countries or the SCORE with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, its use would imply treating more patients with lipid-lowering medication. Validation studies are needed to assess the most appropriate SCORE table for use in our setting.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia
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