Endoscopic Calcaneoplasty in Haglund Disease: Surgical Technique, Clinical and Subjective Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: During the last decade, arthroscopic procedures have been replacing open techniques in Haglund disease treatment because of their considerable advantages. Endoscopic calcaneoplasty is a technique that allows resection of posterosuperior calcaneal exostosis and retrocalcaneal bursitis. The objective of this article was to describe this technique and report its clinical and subjective outcome. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic Haglund resection surgery between July 2014 and March 2020 at a single academic institution. All patients were surveyed in person about the level of pain (visual analog scale), its location (central, lateral, medial or diffuse), its relation with rest, or physical activity. Clinical evaluation was assessed using the hindfoot scale designed by the American Orthopedics Foot & Ankle Society AOFAS. RESULTS: In this study, 14 endoscopic calcaneoplasties were performed in 14 patients, with an average follow-up of 40 months. The visual analog scale score improved from a preoperative average value of 9.07 to 1.8 after surgery (P > .0001). The AOFAS scale rose from 38.7 before surgery to 94.6 postoperative (P > .0001). Good subjective results were observed in 12 patients (85.7%), and all of them would have surgery again. There were no wound complications or infections. No patient required reoperation. CONCLUSION: In this relatively small cohort, we found that endoscopic calcaneoplasty was associated with good clinical and subjective results with few complications.

Cirugía preprotésica de torus mandibular bilateral con impedimento del movimiento lingual / Preprosthetic surgery of a bilateral mandibular torus with tongue movement dysfunction

El torus mandibular es un crecimiento exofítico óseo benigno en la parte interna de la mandíbula, generalmente presente en ambos lados. Su etiología se relaciona a diversos factores como la herencia, grado de estrés, factores ambientales, nutricionales y trauma oclusal. Puede causar problemas funcionales y estéticos, como dificultad en la pronunciación, mal aliento, molestias al comer con prótesis mal adaptadas y ulceraciones. En la mayoría de los casos no es necesario el tratamiento, excepto cuando se requiere para mejorar la función protésica o solucionar problemas funcionales. En este artículo presentamos la situación clínica que describe la escisión exitosa del torus mandibular bilateral en un paciente de 57 años para la posterior rehabilitación protésica. La escisión del torus mandibular bilateral es un procedimiento seguro y predecible que ayuda a prevenir complicaciones protésicas y biológicas, mejorando la estabilidad y la función del sistema estomatognático (AU)

The mandibular torus is a benign bony exophytic growth in the inner part of the mandible, usually present on both sides. Its etiology is related to various factors such as heredity, degree of stress, environmental and nutritional factors, and occlusal trauma. It can cause functional and aesthetic problems, such as difficulty in pronunciation, bad breath, discomfort when eating with ill-fitting prostheses, and ulcerations. In most cases, treatment is not necessary, except when it is required to improve prosthetic function or solve functional problems. In this article we present the clinical situation that describes the successful excision of the bilateral mandibular torus in a 57-year-old patient for subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. Bilateral mandibular torus excision is a safe and predictable procedure that helps prevent prosthetic and biological complications, improving the stability and function of the stomatognathic system (AU)

Imaging of solitary and multiple osteochondromas: From head to toe - A review.

Osteochondromas account for 20%-50% of all benign bone lesions. These tumors may present as solitary non-hereditary lesions, which are the most common presentation, or as multiple tumors associated with hereditary conditions. Plain radiography is the imaging method of choice and demonstrates the typical cortical and medullary continuity of the tumor with the underlying bone. Magnetic resonance imaging is often performed to evaluate cartilage cap thickness, which correlates with malignant transformation. Other local complications include compression of adjacent neurovascular bundles, muscles, and tendons, bursitis, tendon tears, stalk fracture, and angular or rotational long bone deformities. Although the imaging features of osteochondromas are largely known, only a few papers in the literature have focused on their main complications and image-based follow-up. This paper aimed to illustrate the main complications of osteochondromas, suggest an image-based algorithm for management and follow-up and discuss differential diagnosis.

Prevalencia de la exóstosis del conducto auditivo externo entre practicantes de surf y bodyboard en la costa central de Chile / Prevalence of auditory canal exostosis among surfers and bodyboarding athletes of the central Chilean coast

La exóstosis del conducto auditivo externo (ECAE), también conocida como oído de surfista, es una alteración del tejido óseo del oído externo, principalmente causada debido a la sobrexposición al frío. Considerando que los practicantes de deportes acuáticos como el surf y bodyboard de las costas del pacífico sur se exponen a aguas con temperaturas entre 12-16 °C, se busca determinar, en este estudio, la prevalencia y grado de ECAE en practicantes de surf y bodyboard de las localidades de Reñaca y Concón durante el año 2018. Se realizó una evaluación del CAE mediante video-otoscopía a 67 personas (134 oídos) practicantes de surf y bodyboard de las playas de Reñaca y Concón, y se les aplicó un cuestionario respecto a sus hábitos de práctica. Como resultado, se observó una prevalencia de ECAE del 77,6%, siendo el 61,2% ECAE bilateral y el 16,4% ECAE unilateral. Se pudo determinar, además, que el 62,3%de los participantes no usa protecciones. A partir de estos hallazgos, es posible concluir que existe una alta prevalencia de la ECAE en practicantes de surf y bodyboard en las costas centrales chilenas, lo que debería alertar tanto a la población practicante como a profesionales de la salud auditiva con el fin de promover una vida saludable en esta población.

External auditory canal exostosis (ECAE), also known as surfer's ear, is an alteration of the bone tissue of the external ear, mainly caused due to overexposure to cold. Considering that those who practice water sports such as surfing and bodyboarding on the Pacific coast are exposed to waters with temperatures between 12-16 °C,. We seek to determine, in this study, the prevalence and degree of ECAE in surfers and bodyboarders from the coast of the south of Pacific Ocean, Reñaca and Concón, during the year 2018. An evaluation of the ECAE was carried out by means of video-otoscopy in 67 people (134 ears) who practiced surfing and bodyboarding from the beaches of Reñaca and Concón, and a questionnaire was used to collect information about their practice habits. As a result, a prevalence of ECAE of 77.6% was observed, with 61.2% bilateral ECAE and 16.4% unilateral ECAE. It was also possible to determine that 62.3% of the participants do not use protections. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that there is a high prevalence of ECAE in surfers and bodyboarders on the central Chilean coasts, which should alert both the practicing population and hearing health professionals to promote a healthy life in this population.

Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Multiple Osteochondromas in A Cohort of Argentine Patients.

Multiple Osteochondromatosis (MO, MIM 133700 & 133701), an autosomal dominant O-glycosylation disorder (EXT1/EXT2-CDG), can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened stature and pathogenic variants in two tumor suppressor genes, EXT1 and EXT2. In this work, we report a cross-sectional study including 35 index patients and 20 affected family members. Clinical phenotyping of all 55 affected cases was obtained, but genetic studies were performed only in 35 indexes. Of these, a total of 40% (n = 14) had a family history of MO. Clinical severity scores were class I in 34% (n:18), class II in 24.5% (n:13) and class III in 41.5% (n:22). Pathogenic variants were identified in 83% (29/35) probands. We detected 18 (62%) in EXT1 and 11 (38%) in EXT2. Patients with EXT1 variants showed a height z-score of 1.03 SD lower than those with EXT2 variants and greater clinical severity (II-III vs. I). Interestingly, three patients showed intellectual impairment, two patients showed a dual diagnosis, one Turner Syndrome and one hypochondroplasia. This study improves knowledge of MO, reporting new pathogenic variants and forwarding the worldwide collaboration necessary to promote the inclusion of patients into future biologically based therapeutics.

Torus mandibular e palatino predisponentes em um grupo familiar: fatores genéticos e ambientais, relato de uma série de casos / Mandibular and palatine torus predisposing in a family group: genetic and environmental factors, report of a series of cases / Torus mandibular y palatino predisponente en un grupo familiar: factores genéticos y ambientales, informe de una serie de casos

As exostoses mais conhecidas são o Torus palatino e mandibular, que se desenvolvem a partir do crescimento benigno da cortical óssea, localizadas respectivamente na linha média palatina e superfície lingual de caninos e pré-molares, podendo ser unilaterais ou bilaterais. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo de um grupo familiar que apresentaram o Torus como característica em comum, buscando confirmar a presença e prevalência das características clínicas multifatoriais listadas na literatura, possibilitando o diagnóstico da etiologia e assim traçando um plano de tratamento individual, se necessário. Como metodologia, foi realizada uma triagem com cada membro familiar na clínica Odontológica da Faculdade Sete Lagoas - FACSETE, descartando a participação no estudo os membros que não apresentaram o Torus. Os indivíduos que apresentaram indicação da remoção cirúrgica foram encaminhados para clínica de cirurgia da própria instituição. Concluímos, portanto, com este estudo que fatores genéticos e ambientais colaboram como fator etiológico mais predominantes para surgimento do Torus no grupo familiar estudado... (AU)

The best known exostosis are the palatine and mandibular Torus, which develop from the benign growth of the cortical bone, located respectively in the midpalatal line and lingual surface of canines and premolars, and maybe unilateral or bilateral. This work aims to study a family group that had Torus as a common feature, confirming the presence and prevalence of multifactorial clinical features listed in the literature, enabling the diagnosis of etiology and thus outlining an in dividual treatment plan, if necessary. As a methodology, a screening was performed by each family member at the Dental Clinic of Facul dade Sete Lagoas - FACSETE, discarding the participation in the study for members who did not present Torus. Individuals who indicated surgical removal were referred to the institution's own surgery clinic. Therefore, we conclude with this study that genetic and environmental factors collaborate as the most predominant etiological factor for the emergence of Torus in the studied family group... (AU)

Las exostosis más conocidas son el Torus palatino y el Torus mandibular, las cuales se desarrollan a partir del crecimiento benigno del hueso cortical y están ubicadas respectivamente en la línea medio palatina y en la cara lingual de los caninos y de los premolares que pueden ser unilaterales o bilaterales. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo el estudio de un grupo familiar que presentó en sus características comunes el Torus, buscando confirmar la presencia y el predominio de las características clínicas multifactoriales listadas en la literatura, lo que hizo posible el diagnóstico de la etiología y diseñar un plan de tratamiento individual, caso necesiten. Como la metodología fue hecho una selección con los miembros de la familia en la clínica odontologica de la Faculdade Sete Lagoas - FACSETE, quitando de los estudios las personas de la familia que no presentaron el Torus. Los individuos que presentaron indicación de extirpación quirúrgica fueron enviados a la clínica de cirugía de la escuela. Concluimos con este estudio que los factores genéticos y ambientales colaboraron como los factores etiológicos más predominantes para la aparición del Torus en la familia analizada... (AU)

Exostosis múltiple: variabilidad clínica y factores relacionados a la calidad de vida en niños y en adultos / Osteochondromatosis: clinical variability and factors related to quality of life in children and adults

Introducción. La exostosis múltiple hereditaria es una enfermedad poco frecuente autosómica dominante caracterizada por presencia de múltiples proyecciones óseas. Objetivo. Analizar factores asociados a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños >2 años y en adultos en seguimiento en un hospital de pediatría de alta complejidad de Argentina. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal de una cohorte en seguimiento. La CVRS se midió con Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) y Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Se registró sexo, edad, características sociodemográficas, estatura, radiología, alteración de eje y función de miembros, presencia de dolor y malignización. Se clasificó la gravedad según Pedrini y col. Se realizaron pruebas paramétricas, no paramétricas y análisis de regresión. Resultados. Se incluyeron 66 casos (47 niños y 19 adultos). Relación sexo masculino/femenino: 1,7/1. Mediana de edad: 13,4 años (r: 2,2155,3). Presentaron dolor 30 de 47 niños y 17 de 19 adultos. Si se considera la edad ósea adulta (o cierre epifisario) como punto de corte para definir el estado de adulto, 11 de 37 niños y 18 de 27 adultos presentaron forma grave de enfermedad, y se observó baja estatura en 2 de 38 niños y en 9 de 27 adultos. El valor promedio del componente físico de CVRS en niños fue 65,9 (DE: 22,5) y, en adultos, 27,2 (RIC: 18,5-34,7). La presencia de dolor y la gravedad clínica se asoció significativamente a menor CVRS tanto en niños como en adultos. Conclusiones. En este estudio se observó que el dolor y la gravedad de la enfermedad tuvieron un efecto negativo en la CVRS.

Introduction. Hereditary osteochondromatosis is an uncommon, autosomal, dominant condition characterized by the presence of multiple bone growths. Objective. To analyze factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children > 2 years and adults receiving follow-up at a tertiary care children's hospital in Argentina. Population and methods. Cross-sectional study of a follow-up cohort. HRQoL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF36). Sex, age, sociodemographic characteristics, height, radiology, axis alteration and limb function, presence of pain, and malignant change were recorded. Severity was classified as per Pedrini et al. Parametric and non-parametric tests and regression analysis were done. Results. A total of 66 cases (47 children and 19 adults) were included. Male/female ratio: 1.7/1. Median age: 13.4 years (r: 2.21-55.3). Pain was observed in 30/47 children and in 17/19 adults. Considering the adult bone age (or epiphyseal closure) as the cutoff point to define adult status, 11/37 children and 18/27 adults had a severe disease and 2/38 children and 9/27 adults had short stature. The average value of the physical component of HRQoL in children was 65.9 (SD: 22.5) and, in adults, 27.2 (IQR: 18.534.7). The presence of pain and clinical severity were significantly associated with a lower HRQoL, both in children and adults. Conclusions. This study found that pain and disease severity had a negative effect on HRQoL.

Diagnóstico e manejo das exostoses maxilares: relato de caso / Diagnosis and management of maxillary exostoses: case report

As exostoses maxilares são protuberâncias ósseas de caráter benigno, que se originam da cortical óssea e de etiologia controversa. Sua denominação vai depender da localização anatômica em que se encontra. Podem interferir na mastigação, fonação e adaptação de próteses removíveis parciais ou totais, devendo sua remoção ser considerada. O intuito deste trabalho é relatar o manejo de uma paciente com exostoses vestibulares em maxila e realizar uma breve revisão de literatura.

Maxillary exostoses are benign bony protuberances, which originate from the cortical bone and of controversial etiology. Its denomination will depend on its anatomical location. They can interfere with chewing, phonation and adaptation of partial or total removable prostheses, and their removal should be considered. The aim of this work is to report the management of a patient with vestibular exostosis in the maxilla and perform a brief literature review.

Variability of exostoses on human jaws during the past six millennia in Northern China / Variabilidad de las exostosis en las mandíbulas humanas durante los últimos seis milenios en el norte de China

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to survey oral exostoses in human populations that belonged to the same region encompassing five periods over 6000 years, to determine the prevalence and its changing trend over time. A total of 306 human jaws belonging to the modern Xi'an region and four archeological sites, Banpo (6700-5600 years BP), Shaolingyuan (3000 years BP), Shanren (2200 years BP) and Chang'an (1000-1300 years BP), were investigated. The degree of buccal exostosis (BE), torus mandibularis (TM) and torus palatinus (TP) and the TP shape were recorded. The prevalence of BE, TM, and TP in the five groups was 20.8 %-62.5 %, 17.5 %-71.5 %, and 31.7 %-74.2 %, respectively. The differences in the three types of exostoses among the five groups were all statistically significant, but only TM and TP showed a decreasing trend over time. A high and quite diverse prevalence of oral exostoses was found in the five groups of samples. Decreasing trends in relation to time for TM and TP were detected.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue sondear las exostosis orales en poblaciones humanas que pertenecían a la misma región abarcando cinco períodos durante 6000 años, para determinar la prevalencia y su tendencia cambiante a lo largo del tiempo. Un total de 306 mandíbulas humanas pertenecientes a la moderna región de Xi'an y cuatro sitios arqueológicos, Banpo (6700-5600 años AP), Shaolingyuan (3000 años AP), Shanren (2200 años AP) y Chang'an (1000-1300 años AP) BP), fueron investigados. Se registró el grado de exostosis bucal (EO), torus mandibular (TM) y torus palatino (TP) y la forma de TP. La prevalencia de EO, TM y TP en los cinco grupos fue 20,8 % -62,5 %, 17,5 % -71,5 % y 31,7 % -74,2 %, respectivamente. Las diferencias en los tres tipos de exostosis entre los cinco grupos fueron todas estadísticamente significativas, pero solo TM y TP mostraron una tendencia decreciente con el tiempo. Se encontró una prevalencia alta y bastante diversa de exostosis oral en los cinco grupos de muestras. Se detectaron tendencias decrecientes en relación al tiempo para TM y TP.

Evaluation of oral stereognosis in completely edentulous patients with palatal tori / Evaluación de la estereognosia oral en pacientes completamente edéntulos con toros palatinos

Background: The corollary is not investigated in the completely edentulous patients with palatal tori. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the oral stereognostic ability in completely edentulous patients with palatal tori. Material and Methods: Thirty-four completely edentulous patients aged 50 to 89 years were allocated to Group 1 (without palatal tori, n=18) and Group 2 (with palatal tori, n=16). The oral stereognostic test was conducted using 6 intraoral test pieces (circle/square/rectangle/triangle/plus/toroid) that were fabricated to standard dimensions using the light cure acrylic resin. Each test piece was placed in the patient's mouth and was asked to manipulate the test piece between the tongue and the palate. The patients identified the shapes by matching them on a shape chart. Each correct identification was assigned a score of 1. The response time taken to identify each shape was recorded. Statistical computation was done using a chi - square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Significant difference was observed in the overall scoring percentages between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Group 2 had lower oral stereognostic scores compared to group 1 (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean response time for identifying the shapes among the groups, however group 2 patients had longer response time. Conclusion: Oral stereognostic ability of the completely edentulous patients with torus palatinus was lower when compared to completely edentulous patients without tori.

Antecedentes: el corolario no se investiga en los pacientes completamente desdentados con toros palatinos. Objetivo:El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad estereognóstica oral en pacientes completamente edéntulos con toros palatinos. Material y Métodos: Treinta y cuatro pacientes completamente edéntulos de 50 a 89 años fueron asignados al Grupo 1 (sin toros palatinos, n = 18) y al Grupo 2 (con toros palatinos, n = 16). La prueba estereognóstica oral se realizó utilizando 6 piezas de prueba intraorales (círculo / cuadrado / rectángulo / triángulo / cruz / aro) que se fabricaron a dimensiones estándar utilizando la resina acrílica fotopolimerizable. Cada pieza de prueba se colocó en la boca del paciente y se le pidió que manipulara la pieza de prueba entre la lengua y el paladar. Los pacientes identificaron las formas haciéndolas coincidir en un gráfico de formas. A cada identificación correcta se le asignó una puntuación de 1. Se registró el tiempo de respuesta necesario para identificar cada forma. El cálculo estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia significativa en los porcentajes de puntuación generales entre los 2 grupos (p<0,05). El grupo 2 tuvo puntuaciones estereognósticas orales más bajas en comparación con el grupo 1 (p<0,05). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el tiempo medio de respuesta para identificar las formas entre los grupos, sin embargo, los pacientes del grupo 2 tuvieron un tiempo de respuesta más largo.Conclusión: La capacidad estereognóstica oral de los pacientes completamente edéntulos con torus palatino fue menor en comparación con los pacientes completamente edéntulos sin torus.

Escisión de torus mandibular bilateral en paciente sistémicamente comprometido: reporte de caso / Excision of bilateral mandibular torus in a systemically com-promised patient: a case report

Introducción: El torus mandibular es un crecimiento exofítico óseo ubicado en el área lingual de la mandíbula, generalmente bilateral. Puede estar asociado con trastornos temporomandibulares, afectar la pronunciación, producir halitosis, interferir con la deglución y causar dolor en la mucosa cuando está bajo prótesis mal diseñadas. Normalmente, el tratamiento no es necesario, excepto por necesidades protésicas, problemas funcionales, retención de alimentos, trastornos fonéticos o en caso de que se vaya a usar como injerto óseo autólogo. El objetivo de este reporte de caso fue realizar la escisión del torus mandibular bilateral en un paciente sistémicamente comprometido para su posterior rehabilitación con una prótesis parcial removible. Se realizo la atención de una paciente de 66 años sexo femenino, a quien, luego de analizar los medios diagnósticos y la evidencia científica, se le pudo realizar la escisión del torus mandibular bilateral de forma atraumática; esto permitió el correcto asentamiento de una prótesis parcial removible. La escisión del torus mandibular bilateral es un procedimiento seguro y predecible, y ayuda a evitar complicaciones protésicas, como el diseño de la estructura, y biológicas, como úlceras, depósitos de comida o halitosis, lo que devuelve la estabilidad y la función al sistema estomatognático. (AU)

The mandibular torus is a bony exophytic growth located in the lingual area of the mandible. While this growth is generally bilateral, it can be associated with temporomandibular disorders. I It affects pronunciation, produces halitosis, interferes with swallowing, and causes pain in the mucosa under poorly designed prostheses. Normally, treatment is not necessary, except in cases with prosthetic needs, functional problems, food retention, phonetic disorders or if it is to be used as an autologous bone graft. The aim of this study was to perform a bilateral mandibular torus excision in a systemically compromised patient for subsequent rehabilitation with a removable partial denture. A 66-year-old female presenting a bilateral mandibular torus attended our dental clinic. After achieving the diagnosis and analyzing the scientific evidence available, the bilateral mandibular torus was atraumatically excised, allowing correct seating of a removable partial denture. Bilateral mandibular torus excision is a safe and effective procedure, which helps to avoid prosthetic complications involving structural design and biological complications such as ulcers, food deposits and / or halitosis, restoring stability and function to the stomatognathic system. (AU)

Exostosis múltiple hereditaria presentación de caso / Multiple hereditary exostosis. Case report

RESUMEN La exostosis hereditaria múltiple es un trastorno autosómico dominante que se suele presentar en las dos primeras décadas de la vida. Caracterizada por el remodelado metafisaria alterado y crecimiento óseo asimétrico con acortamiento secundario de los huesos de las extremidades. Estas exostosis óseas rodeadas de cartílagos se hacen prominentes a las partes blandas, se diferencia de la enfermedad de Ollier en que esta última no es hereditaria. Se presentó el caso de una mujer de 36 años, que presentaba acortamiento de los miembros especialmente, cubito y radio, metacarpianos y metatarsianos. Su hijo de 18 años afectado también de dicha enfermedad presentaba una deformidad de Madelung asociada (acortamiento de cubito y radio con arqueamiento del radio) (AU).

ABSTRACT Multiple hereditary exostosis is an autosomal dominant disorder, usually found in the first two decades of life. It is characterized by the altered metaphyseal remodeling and asymmetric bone growth with a secondary shortening of extremities bones. These bone exostoses surrounded by cartilages become prominent to the soft parts, and are different from the Ollier disease because this last one is not hereditary. The authors present the case of a woman, aged 36 years, presenting a shortening of the members, especially ulna and radius, metacarpus and metatarsus. Her 18-years-old son was also affected by this disease, having an associated Madelug deformity (shortening of ulna and radius, and radius bowing) (AU).

Subungual exostosis recurrence in a 16-year-old athletic male.

Subungual exostosis is a painful, benign bony outgrowth projecting from the distal phalanx of the toes. The present case consists of a 16-year-old male that presented to the primary clinic with a single circumscribed painful lesion underneath the nail of the first phalanx of the left foot that recurred after surgical extraction.

Exostose palatina aberrante / Exostosis palatina aberrante / Aberrant palatal exostosis

RESUMO Introdução: Exostose é um crescimento ósseo benigno que comumente acomete a mandíbula e a maxila, porém raramente apresenta grandes dimensões. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de exostose palatina de apresentação rara e discutir os principais aspectos clínicos envolvidos. Relato de caso: Paciente, gênero masculino, 66 anos, melanoderma, com história de aumento de volume no palato duro com tempo de evolução indeterminado, sem queixas álgicas, porém relatava transtornos de mastigação e fonação. O conjunto da lesão obliterava toda a profundidade do palato e ocupava grande volume na cavidade oral. A Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico demonstrava áreas bem corticalizadas na superfície da lesão e áreas centrais menos hiperdensas, compatíveis com osso medular maduro. Após exames e pareceres pós-operatórios o paciente foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico sob anestesia geral para remoção da massa óssea e osteoplastia subjacente, a fim de dar contornos normais ao palato, e o material colhido foi enviado para a biópsia que estabeleceu o diagnóstico de exostose. O paciente evoluiu sem complicações. Conclusão: Embora a exostose seja um crescimento ósseo benigno, ela causou problemas funcionais ao paciente, necessitando assim de um tratamento cirúrgico. Após três meses da remoção, os distúrbios foram revertidos à normalidade, e a sua reabilitação protética está em andamento(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: La exostosis es un crecimiento óseo benigno que generalmente afecta la mandíbula y el maxilar, pero rara vez es grande. Objetivo: Describir un caso de exostosis palatina rara y discutir los principales aspectos clínicos involucrados. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 66 años, melanoderma, con antecedentes de aumento de volumen del paladar duro con una evolución de tiempo indefinido, trastornos de masticación y fonación El conjunto de lesiones borró toda la profundidad del paladar y ocupó un gran volumen en la cavidad bucal. La tomografía computarizada de haz cónico mostró áreas corticalizadas en la superficie de la lesión y áreas centrales menos hiperdensas, compatibles con la médula ósea madura. Después de los exámenes y consejos preoperatorios, el paciente se sometió a un tratamiento quirúrgico con anestesia general para eliminar la masa ósea con osteoplastia subyacente a fin de obtener contornos del paladar normales, y el material recolectado fue enviado para realizar biopsia que estableció el diagnóstico de exostosis. El paciente progresó sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: Aunque la exostosis es un crecimiento óseo benigno, causó problemas funcionales al paciente, por lo que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. Tres meses después de la extracción, los trastornos han vuelto a la normalidad y su rehabilitación protésica está en proceso(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exostosis is a benign bone growth that commonly affects the jaw and maxilla, but is rarely large. Objective: Describe a case of rare palatal exostosis and discuss the main clinical aspects involved. Case presentation: A case is presented of a male 66-year-old dark-skin patient with a history of hard palate enlargement of an indefinite time of evolution, and chewing and phonation disorders. The lesions had obliterated the entire palatal depth and occupied a large section of the oral cavity. Cone beam computed tomography revealed corticalized areas on the surface of the lesion and less hyperdense central areas compatible with mature bone marrow. After preoperative examination and advice, the patient underwent surgical treatment under general anesthesia to remove the bone mass and underlying osteoplasty to obtain normal palatal contours. The material collected was sent for biopsy testing, which established the diagnosis of exostosis. The patient recovered without any complications. Conclusions: Although exostosis is a benign bone growth, in this case it caused functional problems to the patient, thus requiring surgical treatment. Three months after removal, the disorders have been reverted to normal and prosthetic rehabilitation is underway(AU)

Osteocondromatosis múltiple. Caso clínico / Multiple osteochondromatosis. Clinical case / Osteocondromatose múltipla. Caso clínico

RESUMEN Introducción: la osteocondromatosis múltiple hereditaria, entidad autosómica dominante, que se caracteriza por el crecimiento de múltiples tumores benignos llamados osteocondromas. Presentación del caso: paciente femenina de 12 años de edad, que acude a consulta refiriendo dolor constante en rodilla derecha, más acentuado con la marcha. Examen físico SOMA: Aumento de volumen de rodilla derecha hacia sus caras externas e internas con dolor a la palpación, se palpa masa dura, no movible, de bordes irregulares. También se constatan tumoraciones de similares características en ambos hombros y rodillas. Discusión: se le realizan radiografías, observando lesiones óseas en la metáfisis proximal de ambos húmeros a predominio derecho. Exostosis a nivel de metáfisis proximal y distal de ambos fémures, en tibia y peroné bilateral. En rodilla derecha se observa crecimiento hacia la línea media de la tumoración del peroné desplazando en valgo la metáfisis proximal de la tibia. Conclusiones: se plantea una exostosis múltiple como diagnóstico. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico escisión tumoral del extremo proximal del peroné de la rodilla derecha y de la cara interna de la metáfisis proximal de la tibia y biopsia que confirmó el diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: hereditary multiple osteochondromatosis, an autosomal dominant entity, characterized by the growth of multiple benign tumors called osteochondromas. Case presentation: 12-year-old female patient, who comes to the consultation referring to constant pain in the right knee, more accentuated with the gait. PHYSICAL exam SOMA: Increase of volume of right knee towards their outer and inner faces with pain to palpation, it palps hard mass, not movable, of irregular edges. Tumors of similar characteristics are also found in both shoulders and knees. Discussion: X-rays are performed, observing bone lesions in the proximal metaphysis of both humeruses to right predominance. Exostosis at the level of proximal and distal metaphysis of both femurs, in tibia and bilateral fibula. In the right knee, growth is observed towards the midline of the fibula tumor displacing the proximal metaphysis of the tibia in valgo. Conclusions: Multiple exostosis is raised as a diagnosis. Surgical treatment was performed tumor excision of the proximal end of the fibula of the right knee and the inner face of the proximal metaphysis of the tibia and biopsy that confirmed the diagnosis.

RESUMO Introdução: osteocondromatose múltipla hereditária, uma entidade autossômica dominante, caracterizada pelo crescimento de múltiplos tumores benignos chamados osteochondromas. Apresentação do caso: paciente do sexo feminino de 12 anos, que chega à consulta referindo-se a dores constantes no joelho direito, mais acentuadas com a marcha. Exame FÍSICO SOMA: Aumento do volume do joelho direito em direção aos seus rostos externos e internos com dor à palpação, palpa massa dura, não móvel, de bordas irregulares. Tumores de características semelhantes também são encontrados em ambos os ombros e joelhos. Discussão: São realizados raios-X, observando lesões ósseas na metafise proximal de ambos os úmeros à predominância direita. Exostose ao nível de metafísica proximal e distal de ambos os fêmures, natíbia e fíbula bilateral. No joelho direito, observa-se crescimento para a linha média do tumor de fíbula deslocando a metafísica proximal da tíbia em valgo. Conclusões: A exostose múltipla é levantada como diagnóstico. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico excisão tumoral da extremidade proximal da fíbula do joelho direito e da face interna da metafise proximal da tíbia e biópsia que confirmou o diagnóstico.

Oído del surfista y síndrome vertiginoso asociado a perforación timpánica con riesgo de asfixia por inmersión / Surfer's ear and vergo associated with tympanum perforaon with immersion asphyxia risk

A partir del relato de la experiencia personal del autor con una perforación timpánica asociada a la práctica del surf, se revisa suscintamente la literatura relacionada con el "oído del surfista" (exostosis ósea del canal auditivo externo) y se discuten algunos elementos relativos a los riesgos y seguridad personal en las prácticas recreativas o deportivas en el mar.

The author's personal experience of a surfing associated tympanum perforation triggered a concise revision of the literature related to surfer's ear (osseous exostosis of the ear canal) and we discuss risks and personal safety with regard to recreational or sporting activities at sea.

Exostose palatina bilateral em bebê / Exostosis palatina bilateral en bebé / Bilateral palatal exostosis in an infant

RESUMO Introdução: As exostoses são definidas como protuberâncias ósseas localizadas, de caráter benigno, sendo uma rara patologia em bebês. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de exostose palatina bilateral em um bebê melanoderma do sexo feminino de 1 ano e 4 meses de idade. Relato de caso: A criança compareceu a Clínica Escola de Odontopediatria, acompanhada de sua mãe, para avaliação odontológica. Durante a anamnese, o responsável queixou-se de atraso na irrupção dos dentes decíduos e presença de protuberância na arcada superior, sem sintomatologia dolorosa. Foi relatado que três membros da família também apresentavam essa mesma alteração na maxila ou mandíbula, possivelmente sugerindo um componente genético. Ao exame clínico intrabucal, verificou-se um aumento de volume ósseo bilateral plano localizado na maxila, na região lingual das tuberosidades palatinas, recoberto por mucosa bucal normal. A superfície era rígida à palpação e com bordas claramente definidas. O componente genético foi associado ao aspecto clínico da lesão, bem como o sexo e a etnia. O diagnóstico estabelecido foi exostose palatina bilateral. A biópsia e o tratamento ativo para remoção da patologia não se justificaram devido à pouca idade da criança, ausência de sintomatologia dolorosa e de interferências na alimentação, deglutição ou outra função bucal. A paciente foi acompanhada periodicamente e apresentou sequência de irrupção dos dentes decíduos normal. Conclusão: Embora a exostose palatina apresente baixa prevalência em crianças, é importante que o cirurgião-dentista tenha conhecimento para realizar seu correto diagnóstico e plano de tratamento(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Las exostosis son definidas como bultos óseos, de carácter benigno, y contituyen una infrecuente afección en bebés. Objetivo: Describir un caso de exostosis palatina bilateral en un bebé melanoderma del sexo femenino de 1 año y 4 meses de edad. Presentación del caso: La niña acudió a la Clínica Escuela de Odontopediatría, con su madre, para evaluación odontológica. Durante la anamnesis, la madre refiere retraso en la erupcíon de los dientes deciduos, además de la presencia de bultos en la arcada superior, sin dolores sintomáticos. Fue informado que tres familiares también presentaban la misma alteración en la maxila o mandíbula, posiblemente sugiriendo componente genético. El examen clínico intrabucal, verificó un aumento de volumen óseo bilateral plano ubicado en la maxila, en la región lingual de las tuberosidades palatinas, recubierto por una mucosa bucal normal. La superficie era rígida a la palpación y con bordes bien definidos. El componente genético fue asociado al aspecto clínico de la lesión, al igual que el sexo y la etnia. El diagnóstico establecido fue exostosis palatina bilateral. La biopsia y el tratamiento activo para la remoción de la afección no se pudieron justificar por la poca edad de la niña, ausencia de dolores sintomáticos, además de interferencias en la alimentación, deglución u otra función bucal. La paciente fue controlada periódicamente y presentó secuencia de irrupción de dientes deciduos normal. Conclusiones: Aunque la exostosis palatina sea infrecuente en niños, es importante que el cirujano dentista tenga conocimiento para realizar el correcto diagnóstico y el plan de tratamiento(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Exostoses are localized bony lumps of a benign nature. They are an infrequent condition in infants. Objective: Present a case of bilateral palatal exostosis in a dark-skinned female infant aged one year and four months. Case presentation: The girl was brought by her mother to the Children's Dental Clinic for oral examination. During anamnesis, the mother referred to delay in the eruption of deciduous teeth and the presence of lumps on the upper arch without any painful symptom. She also reported that three relatives had the same alteration in their maxilla or mandible. Oral examination revealed a bilateral flat bony lump in the maxilla, in the lingual region of the palatal tuberosities, covered by normal oral mucosa. The surface was stiff to palpation with well defined borders. The genetic factor was associated to the clinical aspect of the lesion, as well as the sex and ethnicity of the patient. The diagnosis was bilateral palatal exostosis. Biopsy and active treatment for removal of the lesion were not justified due to the patient's age, absence of painful symptoms, and potential interference with feeding, swallowing and other oral functions. The patient was periodically followed-up and was observed to present a normal process of deciduous tooth eruption. Conclusions: Even though palatal exostosis is infrequent in children, it is important for dental surgeons to be knowledgeable about the topic so as to reach an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e tomográficos de exostose mandibular extensa e o seu manejo para melhora na qualidade de vida: relato de um caso incomum na literatura / Clinical and tomographic aspects of extensive mandibular exostoses and their management to improve quality of life: report of an unusual case in the literature / Aspectos clínicos y tomográficos de excisis mandibular extensa y su manejo para mejora en la calidad de vida: relato de un caso inusual en la literatura

O tórus mandibular é considerado uma protuberância óssea (exostose) de etiologia desconhecida classificada como não-patológica, comumente vista em região lingual dos incisivos até pré-molares inferiores. Sua característica histopatológica é semelhante ao osso normal descrevendo-se osso cortical lamelar com a presença de canais de Havers, osteócitos normais e áreas dispersas de tecido conjuntivo. Normalmente se apresentam bilateralmente e indolores. Sem causar prejuízo na vida da pessoa que apresenta esta condição, devido estes aspectos, na maioria dos casos, não há intervenção cirúrgica, sendo o caso apenas acompanhado clinicamente. Neste caso apresentado, o objetivo é expor uma condição extrema desta exostose mandibular, tendo como finalidade a melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente(AU)

The mandibular torus is considered a bone protuberance (exostosis) of unknown etiology classified as non-pathological, commonly seen in the lingual region from the mandibular incisors to premolars. Its histopathological characteristic is similar to normal bone constituting lamellar cortical bone with the presence of Haversian channels, normal osteocytes and scattered areas of tissue containing connective tissue. They usually present bilaterally and painless. Without causing damage to the life of the person who shows this condition, due to these aspects, in most cases, there is no surgical intervention, being the case only followed clinically. In this case, the aim is to expose an extreme condition of this mandibular exostosis, with the purpose of improving the quality of life of the patient(AU)

El tórus mandibular se considera una protuberancia ósea (exostosis) de etiología desconocida clasificada como no patológica, comúnmente vista en región lingual de los incisivos hasta pre-molares inferiores. Su característica histopatológica es similar al hueso normal constituyéndose por hueso cortical lamelar con la presencia de canales de Havers, osteocitos normales y áreas dispersas de tejido que contiene tejido conectivo. Normalmente se presentan bilateralmente e indolores. Sin causar daño en la vida de la persona que presenta esta condición, debido a estos aspectos, en la mayoría de los casos, no hay intervención quirúrgica, siendo el caso sólo acompañado clínicamente. En este caso presentado, el objetivo es exponer una condición extrema de esta excisose mandibular, teniendo como finalidad la mejora en la calidad de vida del paciente(AU)

Osteocondroma del radio. Presentación de un caso / Osteochondroma of the radio. Presentation of a case

RESUMEN Se presenta un paciente portador de un osteocondroma localizado en la metáfisis del radio izquierdo, diagnosticado por estudios radiográficos y anatomopatológicos, en el Hospital Universitario Celia Sánchez Manduley de Manzanillo, provincia Granma. Se realiza intervención quirúrgica con exéresis del tumor. La evolución clínica del paciente fue satisfactoria. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión de la entidad y señalar la importancia de su conocimiento para establecer el diagnóstico correcto y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas adecuadas y oportunas.

ABSTRACT We present a patient with an osteochondroma located in the metaphysis of the left radius, diagnosed by radiographic and anatomopathological studies, at the Celia Sánchez Manduley University Hospital of Manzanillo, Granma province. Surgical intervention is performed with excision of the tumor. The clinical evolution of the patient was satisfactory. The objective of the present work was to conduct a review of the entity and indicate the importance of their knowledge to establish the correct diagnosis and the appropriate and timely therapeutic decisions.

Cold-water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre-Columbian inhabitants of Panama.

OBJECTIVES: The appearance of external auditory exostoses archaeologically has been attributed to aquatic activities in middle latitudes. However, recent clinical research implicates low sea surface temperatures, especially below a threshold of 19°C, as a stronger predictor of ear exostosis development than latitude. Here, we examine the frequency of external auditory exostoses in human remains from nine pre-Columbian archaeological sites in Panama, representing individuals from a warm, tropical region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: External auditory exostoses were recorded as present when an abnormal bony growth was observed macroscopically within the ear canal. The presence of exostoses was compared by right and left side, geographical region, sex, and degree of stenosis. RESULTS: A total of 125 adult individuals made up the observable sample analyzed in this study. Exostoses were observed in seven males and one female. All individuals affected by this pathology were excavated from mortuary contexts along the Gulf of Panama-a region characterized by intense cold water upwelling in the dry season. DISCUSSION: This study suggests that external auditory exostoses in pre-Columbian Panama affected individuals involved in habitual aquatic activities in the cold, upwelled waters of the Gulf of Panama. These activities appear to be almost exclusively dominated by male individuals. Ethnohistorical and archaeological records point to marine shell resource acquisition by deep-water diving as the activity driving exostosis development in pre-Columbian Panama.