RESUMO
PURPOSE: Species of the genus Philophthalmus are eye flukes with a complex taxonomy, which began to be improved with the help of molecular data only recently. However, most described species have never been placed into a phylogenetic context. In this study, eye flukes previously found on kelp gulls, Larus dominicanus, from Brazil and identified as Philophthalmus lacrymosus were subjected to molecular analysis. METHODS: For the molecular analyses, we analyzed parasites found in six infected gulls (one worm per bird) collected from different municipalities of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We carried out the amplification and sequencing of the partial region of the 28S and cox1 genes and the data obtained were compared with sequences available to philophthalmid species and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: The isolates of P. lacrymosus from Brazil grouped in well-supported clades with five other species of Philophthalmus with sequences available for comparison. Interspecific divergences of 0.1-1.6% in 28S and 8.2-14.9% in cox1 were found in relation to other isolates of Philophthalmus spp. Two cox1 haplotypes differing in one nucleotide (0.1%) were found between the six eye flukes isolates in gulls from different localities. The Brazilian isolates grouped in a subclade with parasites identified as P. lacrymosus in Portugal; however, the molecular divergences found in cox1 (8.2-8.5%) strongly suggest that these isolates belong to different species. The phylogenetic trees obtained and the intergeneric divergences to species of the genera Cloacitrema and Parorchis did not support the validity of the genus Natterophthalmus, for which P. lacrymosus was proposed as the type species in the past. CONCLUSION: As P. lacrymosus was described from Brazil, we recommend that this name be applied to the South American isolates and that the Portuguese isolates be provisionally considered as Philophthalmus sp., a probable cryptic species. Moreover, data obtained supports the previous morphology-based synonymizing between Natterophthalmus and Philophthalmus. Considering our results and most of previous reports of P. lacrymosus in South America, we suggest this species presents a marine life cycle.
RESUMO
Austrodiplostomum compactum (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) parasita os olhos de várias de espécies de peixes. A presença deste parasito, em casos extremos, pode causar exoftalmia, deslocamento da retina, opacidade do cristalino e cegueira ou até a morte. O presente estudo registra novas ocorrências desta metacercária infectando os olhos de quatro novos hospedeiros de peixes, Serrasalmus maculatus coletado no reservatório de Rosana no rio Paranapanema e Hypostomus regani, Schizodon borellii e Auchenipterus osteomystax coletados na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.
Austrodiplostomum compactum (Platyhelminthes, Digenea) eye flukes of several species of fishes. The presence of this parasite, in extreme cases, can cause swelling of the eyelids, displacement of the retina, opacity of the crystalline lens and blindness or even death. The present study it registers new occurrences of this metacercariae infecting the eyes of four new hosts of fish, Serrasalmus maculatus collected in the Rosana reservoir in the Paranapanema river and Hypostomus regani, Schizodon borellii and Auchenipterus osteomystax collected in the the Upper Paraná River floodplain.
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Platelmintos/isolamento & purificação , BrasilRESUMO
Austrodiplostomum compactum (Platyhelminthes, Digenea) eye flukes of several species of fishes. The presence of this parasite, in extreme cases, can cause swelling of the eyelids, displacement of the retina, opacity of the crystalline lens and blindness or even death. The present study it registers new occurrences of this metacercariae infecting the eyes of four new hosts of fish, Serrasalmus maculatus collected in the Rosana reservoir in the Paranapanema river and Hypostomus regani, Schizodon borellii and Auchenipterus osteomystax collected in the the Upper Paraná River floodplain.
Austrodiplostomum compactum (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) parasita os olhos de várias de espécies de peixes. A presença deste parasito, em casos extremos, pode causar exoftalmia, deslocamento da retina, opacidade do cristalino e cegueira ou até a morte. O presente estudo registra novas ocorrências desta metacercária infectando os olhos de quatro novos hospedeiros de peixes, Serrasalmus maculatus coletado no reservatório de Rosana no rio Paranapanema e Hypostomus regani, Schizodon borellii e Auchenipterus osteomystax coletados na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná.