Medicines postpartum in Sweden and coverage in Janusmed Breastfeeding.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is (1) to investigate which medicines are prescribed and dispensed to women the first 6 months postpartum, (2) to identify medicines dispensed postpartum but not recommended during breastfeeding, and (3) to find medicines commonly dispensed postpartum, but not currently included in Janusmed Breastfeeding. METHODS: In this register-based cohort study covering births between January 2017 and August 2019, the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR), the Prescribed Drug Register, and Janusmed Breastfeeding were linked to identify medicines dispensed to women during the first 6 months postpartum, and how they are covered and classified in Janusmed Breastfeeding. RESULTS: During the first 6 months postpartum, 66% of women purchased at least one prescription medicine from the pharmacy. The most common medicines were contraceptive agents, analgesics, antibiotics, and glucocorticoids. A third of the 30 most commonly dispensed medicines have no information available about the safety of use in breastfeeding. The most dispensed medicines, where the database advises against use in breastfeeding, included several antitussive agents, a local anaesthetic, and several gestagens. The most commonly dispensed medicines not covered by the Janusmed Breastfeeding were medicines for dry eyes, for assisted reproduction, and HIV. CONCLUSION: Prescribed medicines compatible with breastfeeding are more common during the first 6 months postpartum than medicines not compatible with breastfeeding, but medicines which lack evidence for safety in breastfeeding are still commonly used.

O valor da teleconsulta de enfermagem no banco de leite humano na visão de enfermeiras / El valor de la teleconsulta de enfermería en el banco de leche humana desde el punto de vista de las enfermeras / The value of the nursing teleconsultation at the human milk bank in the view of nurses

Objetivo: desvelar os significados valorativos das enfermeiras em um banco de leite humano, sobre a teleconsulta de enfermagem. Método: estudo fenomenológico sustentado na Teoria de Valores de Max Scheler, com a realização de entrevista fenomenológica outubro e novembro de 2022, ocorreu com cinco enfermeiras de um banco de leite humano na região metropolitana II do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados colhidos sucederam a análise temática de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram em duas categorias: A teleconsulta de enfermagem e as ações das enfermeiras no processo de doação de leite humano em tempos de covid-19 - um valor de expansão; A teleconsulta de enfermagem no cuidado de doadoras e lactentes assistidos no banco de leite humano ­ um valor útil em saúde. Conclusão: a teleconsulta foi compreendida com valores que ampliam e garantem o cuidado, melhorando a representação de acesso das usuárias, colaborando com a continuidade do AM e a doação de leite humano.

Objective: to unveil the value meanings of nurses in a human milk bank about nursing teleconsultation. Method: A phenomenological study based on Max Scheler's Theory of Values, with phenomenological interviews conducted in October and November 2022 with five nurses from a human milk bank in the second metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. The data collected was then subjected to Bardin's thematic analysis. Results: two categories emerged: Nursing teleconsultation and nurses' actions in the human milk donation process in times of Covid-19 - an expansion value; Nursing teleconsultation in the care of donors and infants assisted at the human milk bank - a useful health value. Conclusion: teleconsultation was understood as having values that expand and guarantee care, improving the representation of access for users, collaborating with the continuity of breastfeeding and the donation of human milk.

Objetivo: develar los significados valorativos de las enfermeras de un banco de leche humana sobre la teleconsulta de enfermería. Método: Estudio fenomenológico basado en la Teoría de los Valores de Max Scheler, con entrevistas fenomenológicas realizadas en octubre y noviembre de 2022 a cinco enfermeras de un banco de leche humana de la segunda región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro. Los datos recogidos fueron sometidos al análisis temático de Bardin. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: Teleconsulta de enfermería y actuación de las enfermeras en el proceso de donación de leche humana en tiempos de Covid-19 - un valor de expansión; Teleconsulta de enfermería en el cuidado de las donantes y de los lactantes asistidos en el banco de leche humana - un valor útil para la salud. Conclusión: la teleconsulta fue entendida como poseedora de valores que amplían y garantizan el cuidado, mejorando la representación de acceso de los usuarios, colaborando con la continuidad de la lactancia materna y la donación de leche humana.

Conocimiento y práctica sobre lactancia materna de mujeres primigestas derechohabientes de una Unidad de Medicina Familiar / Knowledge and practice about breastfeeding of primigravid women entitled to a Family Medicine Unit

Introducción: la promoción e información a la mujer primigesta sobre la lactancia materna, los beneficios de esta y cómo amamantar correctamente al bebé, mejoran el conocimiento y disminuyen el abandono de la misma. Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento y práctica sobre lactancia materna de mujeres primigestas derechohabientes de una unidad de medicina familiar. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo con una muestra de 75 mujeres primigestas de entre 14 y 34 años de edad. Se utilizó el "Cuestionario sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la lactancia materna". Se llevó a cabo el análisis con frecuencias simples y porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central (X ± DE), asociación chi cuadrada y prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: la edad de las mujeres primigestas fue de 24.88 ± 4.64 años, con predominio de mujeres en el segundo trimestre de embarazo, casadas, con grado de licenciatura, católicas y amas de casa. El nivel de conocimiento fue suficiente en 61.3%, se encontró asociación no significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento, grado académico y ocupación. Conclusión: las mujeres primigestas tienen conocimiento suficiente sobre lactancia materna y sus beneficios. Dicha información es proporcionada principalmente por el personal de enfermería.

Introduction: The promotion and information to the primigravid woman on breastfeeding, the benefits of it and how to breastfeed correctly, improve the knowledge and decreases the abandonment of it. Objective: To analyze knowledge and practice about breastfeeding of primigravid women entitled to a family medicine unit. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a sample of 75 primigravid women between 14 and 34 years of age. The "Questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and practices of breastfeeding" was used. The analysis was carried out with simple frequencies and percentages, measures of central tendency, Chi square association and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Results: The age of the primigravid women was 24.88 ± 4.64 years old, with predominance of women in the second trimester of pregnancy. The level of knowledge was sufficient in 61.3%, a non-significant association was found between the level of knowledge, academic degree and occupation. Conclusion: Primigravid women have sufficient knowledge about breastfeeding and its benefits. This information is provided mainly by the nursing staff.

Sex differences in methamphetamine pharmacokinetics in adult rats and its transfer to pups through the placental membrane and breast milk.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a growing health problem worldwide, and METH use during pregnancy not only endangers the mother's health but also the developing fetus. To provide better insight into these risks, we performed the following experiments. METHOD: First, we investigated how sex influences the pharmacokinetics of METH and amphetamine (AMP) in male and female rats. Subsequently, we simulated chronic exposure of prenatal infants to METH abuse by investigating brain and plasma levels of METH and AMP in dams and pups. Finally, we modeled chronic exposure of infants to METH via breast milk and investigated sex differences in pups with regard to drug levels and possible sensitization effect of chronic prenatal METH co-treatment. RESULTS: We observed significantly higher levels of METH and AMP in the plasma and brain of female rats compared to males. Additionally, brain concentrations of METH and AMP in pups exposed to METH prenatally were equivalent to 62.13% and 37.78% relative to dam, respectively. Plasma concentrations of AMP where equivalent to 100% of the concentration in dams, while METH was equivalent to only 36.98%. Finally, we did not observe a significant effect relative to sex with regard to METH/AMP levels or sensitization effects linked to prenatal METH exposure. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that female rats display higher levels of METH and AMP, thus indicating a greater risk of addiction and toxicity. Furthermore, our data show that pups are exposed to both METH and AMP following dam exposure.