Employment Decisions of Newly Graduated Occupational Therapists.

Introduction. Employment decision-making is essential for understanding workforce trends. Current occupational therapy workforce research describes distribution disparities of occupational therapists within geographic locations, services such as acute care or community health, and private or public sectors. New graduates of occupational therapy programs are critical to meeting the demand and distribution disparities of occupational therapy services in British Columbia. However, recent employment decision-making of new occupational therapy graduates has not been well studied. Purpose. This study aimed to examine factors that influence newly graduated occupational therapists' employment decisions. Methods. This descriptive study sampled 122 occupational therapists who were registered in one province and graduated from a Canadian occupational therapy program between 2017 and 2022. Data was collected through an online survey about intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors, and past fieldwork experiences that affected participants' employment decision-making. Descriptive data analysis was used to organize participants' responses. Findings. Results identified that work-life balance and mentorship were the highest rated factors that influenced participants' current and first employment respectively. Participants agreed that the variety and number of placements they had as students were more influential to their employment decisions than the length of the fieldwork education. Conclusion. This study identified the intrinsic and extrinsic factors in employment choices that may influence recruitment, retention, and workplace planning of new graduates.

How Are Alternative Clinical Placements Performed Compared to Traditional Clinical Placements During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Sought Through a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clinical placement is the essential method of learning in health professions education, but it has been the most disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Institutions of higher education resorted to alternative learning such as telehealth, simulations, and blended-learning for clinical placement to ensure that educational activities continue without delay. However, this raises questions about student competency and necessitates making up for missed in-person hours. A thorough investigation of the effectiveness of alternative clinical placement learning is required. A systematic searching was conducted on ten electronic databases, and the quality of the included articles was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). A meta-analysis was conducted by pooling studies with examination mark outcomes. Twenty-four articles were included in the systematic review and nine were included in the meta-analysis. The average MERSQI score for included studies is 11.15. Outcomes on student performance favor alternative placement, whereas perceived-based outcomes have mixed results and are slightly prone to traditional clinical placement. Meta-analysis indicates that alternative learning is either more effective than traditional clinical placement or at least on par with it. There is a discrepancy between perceived outcome and performance assessment regarding the utility of alternative learning to conventional clinical placement. Nonetheless, objective measurement outcomes and the meta-analysis support alternative learning as a reliable learning strategy for clinical education. Alternative learning for clinical placement experience can be improved further by adding more synchronous sessions, and implementing various learning methods, learning activities based on strong instructional design, and at least a short real-setting attachment.

"ClusterApp": A Shiny R application to guide cluster studies based on GPS data.

The rapid evolution of GPS devices, and therefore, collection of GPS data can be used to investigate a wide variety of topics in wildlife research. The combination of remotely collected GPS data with on-the-ground field investigations is a powerful tool for exploring behavioral ecology. "GPS cluster studies" are aimed at pinpointing and investigating identified clusters in the field. Activity clusters can be based on various parameters (e.g., distance between GPS locations and the number of locations needed to establish a cluster), which are closely related to the set research questions. Variation in methods across years within the same study may result in data collection biases. Therefore, a streamlined method to parametrize, generate interactive maps, and extract activity cluster data using a predefined approach will limit biases, and make field work and data management straightforward for field technicians. We developed the "ClusterApp" Shiny application in the R software to facilitate a step-by-step guide to execute cluster analyses and data management of cluster studies on any species using GPS data. We illustrate the use of the "ClusterApp" with two location datasets constructed by data collected on brown bears (Ursus arctos) and gray wolves (Canis lupus).

Unrestricted Learning Opportunities for Trainees in Behavior Analysis: A Survey of Current Practices.

Individuals seeking certification as a board certified behavior analyst (BCBA) by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) must meet certain eligibility requirements. In addition to passing the BCBA examination, such requirements include completion of a master's degree, behavior-analytic coursework, and supervised practical fieldwork. In accruing fieldwork hours, trainees must be provided with the opportunity to complete unrestricted activities. The BACB defines unrestricted activities as ". . . those that are most likely to be performed by a BCBA," and requires that 60% of fieldwork hours are comprised of these activities (BACB, 2022b). Fieldwork hours may be accrued across a number of different host sites (e.g., hospital units, schools, community locations), with each host site having different day-to-day responsibilities affecting how these opportunities are provided. Therefore, exploration of the provision of these opportunities and the barriers to providing these opportunities is warranted. The current study sought to determine the current practices involved in provision of opportunities to gain fieldwork experience hours towards BCBA certification; in particular, practices related to unrestricted fieldwork activities. Results indicate that, although unrestricted learning opportunities are often provided to trainees, contingencies present within the day-to-day operations of a clinical environment can be hampering. A discussion of the implications of these barriers and potential solutions are included.

Host perspectives on international fieldwork placements for U.S.-based genetic counseling students.

Genetic counseling students from the United States are often interested in international summer fieldwork placements, but little is known about the hosts' perspectives when considering such requests. We sent out surveys to 132 international genetics providers (genetics clinics and genetics programs), to identify advantages, barriers and expectations for U.S.-based genetic counseling students seeking a fieldwork placement. Twenty-seven (20.4% response rate) participants from 14 different countries shared their experiences and views. Providers placed higher emphasis on teaching and benefits to students (95.2%) rather than intrinsic benefits to their programs (90.4%). Lack of American Board of Genetic Counseling's (ABGC) reciprocal recognition (30%) and cost of training (25%), were rated as the strongest barriers to hosting U.S.-based students. Surprisingly, 'Language Barrier' (20%), although mentioned in open-ended comments, was not ranked highly as a barrier. When asked about expectations of students, active participation in student-led counseling sessions under supervision was encouraged by a majority of participants (55.6%). Where most genetic counseling literature is U.S.-centric, this study reports on insights gathered from international genetics providers. Our study encourages U.S.-based programs to consider these findings when designing exchange programs and international fieldwork placements.

Nursing roles in disaster zones: Experiences and lessons from Turkey's 2023 earthquakes.

BACKGROUND: Disasters affect human health and well-being globally. Nursing plays a vital role in disaster preparedness and response, ensuring efficient early care coordination and delivering effective field treatment. AIM: This study investigates the challenges an Israeli humanitarian delegation encountered during their response to major earthquakes in Turkey in 2023. It explicitly focuses on difficulties in preparation, operations, and collaboration with local teams. The study further analyzes the findings and extracts valuable lessons from the mission. METHODS: Using a qualitative descriptive design, 22 out of 32 nurses involved in delegation participated in three focus group discussions within two months of returning to Israel. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. The study followed the COREQ guidelines, ensuring comprehensive reporting and methodological rigor in qualitative research. FINDINGS: The study's main findings spanned predeparture preparation, mission challenges in the disaster zone, and postmission lessons, each highlighted by subthemes and participant quotations. A strong sense of mission was evident among the participants, along with frustration at inefficient time management prior to deployment. Many participants noted additional challenges, related to the difficulty of working in multiple languages and across cultures, and the opportunities for resolution. Finally, participants called for better psychological support following the mission. CONCLUSION: Nurses in disaster zones offer valuable insights to enhance preparation, cross-cultural communication, and postmission implementation. NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Nurse managers and healthcare policymakers can utilize this study's findings to develop future nursing training programs in disaster-related skills. Additionally, it can help foster collaboration among international healthcare teams.

Occupational therapy students' perceptions of their experience in a role-emerging Level II fieldwork within higher education student services.

BACKGROUND: Role-emerging settings - those where occupational therapy (OT) services have not traditionally been provided - are common sites for practice placements of entry-level occupational therapy students. A growing body of literature has attempted to determine the value and drawbacks of such practice placements on the professional preparedness of OT students with mixed findings. Benefits have been identified, including increased cultural understanding, advocacy, creativity, initiative, and problem-solving skills. However, OT students have been reported to perceive such placement as limiting their professional growth and preparedness to practice compared to traditional placements. METHODS: A phenomenological study was conducted seeking the perceptions of OT students (n = 14) about their clinical placement at a role-emerging site. Recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted by trained interviewers within two weeks of the end of clinical placement. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and then coded using an iterative multi-coder inductive approach. Inter-coder agreement, reflectivity, and audit trail were maintained. RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) integrating independence and support, (2) becoming occupational therapists, and (3) filling a gap. These themes reflect students' positive perceptions of their role-emerging clinical placement. They felt that this placement allowed them to develop self-confidence and professional identity as occupational therapists and learn new skills while simultaneously filling a gap in services for clients. Most importantly, they felt that this placement prepared them for their future OT practice. CONCLUSION: This finding and their resounding support of the experience suggest that OT students can perceive role-emerging placement as a solid foundation for clinical practice. Factors, included in this placement, that may have contributed to their experience include the level of support provided, time available for learning including space to make mistakes, and freedom from productivity and payor requirements.

Towards a green and just industry? Insights from traditional leather districts in Southern Italy.

Artisanal processes are crucial for examining major economic development, industrial, and historical forces. Among the different industries, fashion is regarded as one of the most polluting business activities. The indication of origin "Made in Italy" has found extensive scholarly economic appetite; however, the leather sector in its socioeconomic and environmental components has been scarcely investigated. The paper at hand analyzes selected leather poles in Campania, Italy - namely, the tanning, shoes, and gloves industries. Besides, the industrial processes and sustainability implications required are examined to render these productions. The tannery districts are characterized by a strong artisanal component in the productive processes and follow diverse geographical agglomeration rationales. Field visits and in-depth interviews were conducted in the local districts of Solofra (tanning), Grumo Nevano-Aversa (shoemaking), and Rione Sanità pole (glove-making). The local activities and specific operational industrial processes are mapped, highlighting the technical industrial phases needed to produce the three leather outputs. Besides, the sustainability repercussions of these industries are analyzed. The study finds that most of the activities heavily rely on traditional techniques and would benefit in socioeconomic and environmental terms from modernization, management, ICT upgrades, as well as process revisions and spatial agglomeration organization. Selected sectoral sustainable development, CSR, ESG, labeling, ethics, and environmental strategy recommendations are presented - especially concerning tanning wastewater treatment. These measures result in a compulsion to face the massive multidimensional crises occurring in the three sectors and business activities.

Dataset of geomagnetic absolute measurements performed by Declination and Inclination Magnetometer (DIM) and nuclear magnetometer during the joint Croatian-Hungarian repeat station campaign in Adriatic region.

The highest level of the present-day geomagnetic recordings is presented by the absolute controlled magnetic measurements. This quality is permanently fulfilled in geomagnetic observatories (GO) only. The absolute records are based on nuclear magnetometers for the intensity measurement and on DIM (Declination and Inclination Magnetometer) instruments for the direction determination of the ambient magnetic field. Although the density of GOs is not dense enough for every scientific purpose (i.e., modelling the secular variation in detail), repeat station (RS) networks were founded in a lot of countries on the Earth. Regarding to the main task of RS measurements, almost the same requirements must be fulfilled during the fieldwork as in the GOs. Consequently, the environmental and instrumental expectations are pre-defined as well as the procedure of measurement which are generally absolute readings. After the reduction of the absolute measurements to the simultaneous record of the nearest GO is performed, the data can be represented to a relevant yearly mean value. The present article shortly summarises the environmental and the instrumental background of geomagnetic absolute measurements on reoccupations of two different RS in Croatia. In 2010 tree-days-long reoccupations were performed on the selected stations with applying an on-site magnetic variometer. One of the results of data processing pointed out the appearance of a geomagnetic sea-side effect on both of RSs. The phenomenon is the geomagnetic influence of the induced current system in the seawater near to the shore. The anomalous lateral currents are the consequence of the high conductivity contrast between the mainland and the (moving) salinity water and the induction effect of the fluctuating external geomagnetic field. The calculation steps of the geomagnetic elements will be also detailed regarding the recorded samples of a presented dataset as well as the diagnostic values (i.e., offset value and misalignment error of fluxgate probe).

A qualitative focus group analysis: Increasing fieldwork capacity in genetic counseling training programs.

Genetic counselors are an integral part of the healthcare system; however, the number of genetic counselors in many parts of the United States is limited, impacting access to comprehensive healthcare for all patients. One solution to addressing this deficit includes modifying genetic counseling training programs to increase student enrollment. Fieldwork capacity, driven by a limited number of rotation sites and supervisors, produces a significant bottleneck to entering the profession. Other professions have reported on techniques to increase fieldwork capacity; however, the practicality of these techniques for genetic counseling training has yet to be explored. This study seeks to investigate the perspectives of key stakeholders in genetic counseling training programs on the practicality of techniques already posited in the literature from other allied health professions. Semi-structured focus group interviews with 25 participants were conducted at the 2019 National Society of Genetic Counselors conference. Participants included program directors and supervisors from clinical, industry, and laboratory backgrounds. The focus group responses were analyzed using directed content analysis and a split coding technique, after which several themes emerged within the larger domains of rotation structures, systems infrastructure, skill-building methods, and other novel techniques to increase fieldwork capacity. Emerging themes included the importance of finding quality student placements rather than maximizing the quantity of participatory cases; a need for transparency about the transferability of skills learned from novel experiences; scaffolding student entrustment to expand supervisor capacity; and recognizing nuances in implementation for individual programs. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of openness in communication to manage expectations for students and supervisors, who may be more hesitant to try novel rotation placements and skill-building techniques. Genetic counseling programs may use these results to address the bottleneck of fieldwork capacity, increasing student enrollment.

"Safety Means Everything": An ethnographic methodology to explore the formation of professional identity in nursing students.

AIM: The aim of this qualitative study is to explore how various conditions within educational contexts impact nursing students' experiences of becoming professional nurses and how these conditions affect their agency and the formation of their professional identities. BACKGROUND: Nursing education is essential to becoming professional and competent in caring for patients. A strong professional identity in nursing contributes to better patient outcomes and improves the well-being, retention, and recruitment of practitioners in the health care system. At the same time, research indicates that development of a professional identity during education is challenging and needs further investigation. DESIGN: The qualitative research design draws on the theoretical and methodological framework of critical psychology practice research. The practice research design and close collaboration with users ensure the continuous development and implementation of theory and practice. METHODS: The data used in this study originated from ethnographic fieldwork, which involved following two nursing students through their final clinical placement training at the Geriatric Department of a university hospital in Denmark. Additionally, nursing students in two classes were observed as part of their nursing education practice at a university college from April to July 2022. The participant observational design, combined with in-situ interviewing, facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the students' engagement in social practices and interactions within the context of nursing education. RESULTS: Our results show how the conditions of nursing students' everyday lives have a critical impact on their self-understanding and journey to becoming competent and professional nurses. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Perception of safety, (2) Motivation for learning in different communities of practice, and (3) The meaning of learning culture and role models. CONCLUSION: The development of nursing students into professionals is profoundly influenced by factors affecting their ontological safety that are deeply embedded in socio-cultural and educational contexts. The results underscore the need to foster ontological safety in nursing education. Creating safe, participatory, and supportive learning environments is essential to the holistic development of students into caring, competent nurses. Educators and stakeholders must remember their crucial role in this context and focus on establishing these environments to facilitate students' sense of belonging in the nursing profession. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The development of professional identity in nursing starts with safety. Ontological Safety in learning environments ensures competent and professional nurses. #NursingEducation#Safety#ProfessionalIdentity.

Vertical climbing in free-ranging bonobos: An exploratory study integrating locomotor performance and substrate compliance.

OBJECTIVES: Ecological factors and body size shape animal movement and adaptation. Large primates such as bonobos excel in navigating the demanding substrates of arboreal habitats. However, current approaches lack comprehensive assessment of climbing performance in free-ranging individuals, limiting our understanding of locomotor adaptations. This study aims to explore climbing performance in free-ranging bonobos and how substrate properties affect their behavior. METHODS: We collected data on the climbing performance of habituated bonobos, Pan paniscus, in the Bolobo Territory, Democratic Republic of Congo. We analyzed 46 climbing bouts (12 ascents, 34 descents) while moving on vertical substrates of varying diameter and compliance levels. This study assessed the average speed, peak acceleration, resting postures, and transitions between climbing and other locomotor modes. RESULTS: During climbing sequences and transitions, bonobos mitigate speed variations. They also exhibit regular pauses during climbing and show higher speeds during descent in contrast to their ascent. Regarding the influence of substrate properties, bonobos exhibit higher speed when ascending on thin and slightly flexible substrates, while they appear to achieve higher speeds when descending on large and stiff substrates, by using a "fire-pole slide" submode. DISCUSSION: Bonobos demonstrate remarkable abilities for negotiating vertical substrates and substrate properties influence their performance. Our results support the idea that bonobos adopt a behavioral strategy that aligns with the notion of minimizing costs. Overall, the adoption of high velocities and the use of low-cost resting postures may reduce muscle fatigue. These aspects could represent important targets of selection to ensure ecological efficiency in bonobos.

Telesupervision in genetic counseling education during COVID-19 and beyond.

The COVID-19 pandemic led healthcare organizations to pivot to telemedicine, precipitating the shift to telesupervision, defined as supervision over video-conferencing platforms and telephone, for genetic counseling students. This study aimed to (1) characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on genetic counseling supervision, (2) ascertain genetic counseling supervisor experiences with telesupervision, and (3) examine the association between years of genetic counseling experience and preferences related to supervision modality. Certified genetic counselors were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), Pennsylvania Association of Genetic Counselors (PAGC), and Association of Genetic Counseling Program Directors (AGCPD) listservs and by purposive sampling via emails to Genetic Counseling Program Directors in program-rich regions. An investigator-created survey was administered online to elicit descriptions of supervision during the pandemic, including modifications to rotations, changes to the number of students supervised, and mode of supervision preference. The survey was completed by 122 genetic counselors. The 54-question survey included multiple-choice, ranking, and open-ended questions. The majority (95.9%) of the participants were female, with an average age of 32 years. Most (86%) of participants reported changes in their supervision practices due to COVID-19, including sole use of telesupervision (54.4%), decreases in rotation lengths (25.4%), and delays in rotation start dates (24.6%). Interestingly, 19.3% (22/114) supervised more students than before the pandemic, and 18.4% (21/114) of participants supervised fewer students. Approximately two thirds (67.5%) of supervisors preferred supervising students in-person, while 2.6% preferred telesupervision, and 29.8% had no preference. Those who preferred to supervise in-person had fewer years of experience than those who had no preference (median = 4 years vs. median = 7 years respectively, Wilcoxonp-value = 0.0418, effect size rpb = 0.19, small). Given the persistence of telemedicine beyond the pandemic, telesupervision may be necessary to train genetic counseling students. However, additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of telesupervision in facilitating student skill development and attainment of the Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC) Practice-Based Competencies (PBCs).

Dataset of 3D computer models of Late Miocene Mount Messenger Formation outcrops in New Zealand, built with UAV drones.

The aim of constructing 3D computer models of outcrops of the Mount Messenger Formation using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drone technology was to enable better visualization and potential for analysis of deep-water sedimentary systems in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The Late Miocene-aged strata crop out along the north Taranaki coast of western North Island, New Zealand. The Mount Messenger Formation sandstone and siltstone beds are outstanding examples of deep-water sedimentary strata. These strata can be observed in outcrop sections, as well as in offshore drillholes (wireline logs) and in seismic reflection data acquired immediately offshore of the north Taranaki coastal section. In previous research undertaken on the Mount Messenger Formation in North Taranaki Basin, geologists used photographs and coupled these with observations and descriptions of strata in the field. Modern UAV drone technology now enables 3D perspectives to be obtained of outcrop sections, which greatly improves geometrical analysis of the rocks. This type of analysis, coupled with mapping of seismic reflection data in the immediate offshore area has enabled us to better understand the nature of Mount Messenger Formation deep-water sedimentary strata and to interpret the associated paleogeography with implications for energy resource exploration and evaluation. Using UAV drone photogrammetry, we acquired ∼3000 images of the Mount Messenger Formation outcrop at four locations along the north Taranaki coast. Drone surveys were conducted using a real-time kinetic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) for accurate geolocation. The surveys were conducted on a DJI Phantom 4 drone, with a focal length of 24 mm with a 20-megapixel resolution. Survey images overlapped by 80-90%. The drone work adhered to the rules and regulations of the Aviation Security Service and the University of Waikato, New Zealand. Images were captured using programmed flight paths where the drone faced the outcrops at distances ranging from ∼3-7 m. 3D computer models were constructed using Pix4Dmapper version 4.4.12 to generate dense 3D point clouds, digital surface models (DSMs), triangle meshes, and orthomosaic images of the outcrops (i.e., 3D models). Once the 3D computer models of the outcrops were constructed, they were exported out of Pix4Dmapper as ArcGIS Scene Layer Package format (.slpk) and loaded into ArcGIS Pro version 3.0.3 for further analysis. The 3D computer models comprise a rich and valuable scientific dataset that can enhance geological analysis of sedimentary strata beyond the capabilities of photographs and manual fieldwork. These models allow desktop analysis of the geology and "virtual fieldwork" by imaging areas that are commonly inaccessible on foot due to their high elevation above ground level, location in rugged and steep terrane, as well as periodic intertidal flooding. This electronic geological dataset is stored in commonly used spatial format and plain-text ASCII files, allowing the preservation of geological data in digital records, especially when the outcrops are prone to erosion and cover by vegetation. The drone model dataset can be reused by the scientific community for virtual geological fieldwork, as petroleum and water reservoir analogues, as well as for research on coastal, environmental and geotechnical topics.

Haitian women in New York City use global food plants for women's health.

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of mainstream biomedical healthcare in New York City (NYC), community-based ethnomedicine practices remain a low-cost, culturally relevant treatment for many immigrants. Previous urban ethnobotany research in NYC has established that several Caribbean communities continue using medicinal plants for women's health after immigration. This study sought to address to what extent: (1) NYC Haitian women continue using medicinal plants for women's health after migration; (2) their plants and the conditions treated were similar to those identified in an earlier survey with NYC immigrants from the Dominican Republic. METHODS: Through an ethnobotanical survey, 100 Haitian women living in NYC and born in Haiti were interviewed about their knowledge of medicinal plants for women's health conditions. Reported species were purchased based on local names in NYC Haitian stores and markets, vouchered, and identified. RESULTS: Nearly all Haitian women (97%) reported using medicinal plants while living in Haiti. Most Haitian women continued using medicinal plants after coming to the USA (83%). The 14% decrease, although significant (z = 3.3; p = 0.001), was mainly due to logistical difficulties with sourcing plants after recent immigration. Popular medicinal plant species reported were primarily global food plants, re-emphasizing the intertwined food-medicine relationship in Caribbean diasporas. Comparison with data from NYC Dominicans identified childbirth and puerperium, gynecological infections, and vaginal cleansing as priority Haitian women's health concerns treated with plants. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the global nature of Caribbean migrant plant pharmacopeia, predominantly centered around food plants and adapted to transnational urban settings. They underscore cultural diversity, dispelling the notion of one uniform traditional knowledge system labeled "Caribbean." The importance of preventative medicine for women's health, particularly the regular consumption of "healthy" foods or teas highlights the role food plants play in maintaining health without seeking treatment for a particular condition. Cross-cultural comparisons with other NYC Caribbean immigrants emphasize the importance of conducting ethnobotanical surveys to ground-truth plant use in the community. Such surveys can also identify culture-specific health priorities treated with these plants. Healthcare providers can leverage these insights to formulate culturally relevant and community-tailored healthcare strategies aligned with Haitian women's health beliefs and needs.

Accommodating Students with Disabilities: Fieldwork Educators' Experiences.

Background. Fieldwork is an essential part of experiential learning in occupational therapy education. Fieldwork educators identify limits on reasonable accommodation and difficulty implementing disability-related accommodations. Student occupational therapists with disabilities report discrimination from within the profession, including inflexible fieldwork environments. Purpose. To understand the experiences of occupational therapy fieldwork educators in Canada in accommodating students with disabilities and to develop action-oriented practice recommendations. Method. In this interpretive description study, we interviewed 11 fieldwork educators about their experiences accommodating students with disabilities. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Findings. Educators emphasized a meta-theme of "Learning" when asked about disability-related accommodations. Three subthemes about student learning emerged: 1. Educators focused on "Student Learning in Preparation for Professional Practice" rather than their fieldwork setting only; 2. Educators were "Using Occupational Therapy Skills for Student Learning" in fieldwork; and 3. Educators recognized that their professional and personal "Context Influences Student Learning." Conclusion. Fieldwork educators can work with students to align their accommodations with required learning outcomes for professional practice and use their occupational therapy skills to assist with implementation. Fieldwork educators require time and other supports to work effectively with all students.

Beyond the insider/outsider debate in "at-home" ethnographies: Diffractive methodology and the onto-epistemic entanglement of knowledge production.

In this article, we discuss the practice of conducting research in one's own field, in this case, from a position as a researcher with a nursing background doing fieldwork in a hospital and in one's own organization, an orthopedic surgical department. We show how an "insider" researcher position paves the way for analytical insights about sleep as an institutional phenomenon in the orthopedic surgical infrastructure and how acute and elective patient trajectories differ but build on the same logic, creating the same dynamics of inclusion and exclusion. Through a situated and sociomaterial perspective, we analyze different clinical interactions in which we follow the hospital bed as an example of a central relational element that co-creates sleep as an institutional phenomenon. Inspired by Karen Barad, we demonstrate how to move diffractively when doing and analyzing fieldwork and argue how moving diffractively as a researcher doing fieldwork "at home" is productive and challenges the concept and demand of "distance" as the phenomenological exercise in fieldwork.

Collaborative Fieldwork Supervision: Its Value and Use in Occupational Therapy.

Collaborative supervision is not new to occupational therapy; however, its use remains limited. To identify factors affecting the perceived value and use of collaborative supervision, a survey was developed and disseminated to fieldwork educators seeking their opinions and experiences. The survey had 382 respondents. Familiarity with constructs and prior experience using this collaborative supervision seem to be the highest predictor of use. Understanding the impact of practitioner attributes on the perceived value of collaborative fieldwork can help expand the use of collaborative fieldwork supervision.

Failing professional practice placements in allied health: What do we understand about the student experience? A scoping review.

Professional practice placements are an essential component of allied health and nursing programs. Whilst most students pass these placements, a small percentage of students will fail or be at risk of failing. Supporting students undergoing a failing experience is a time critical, time consuming, emotional and resource-heavy task which is often undertaken by key university staff and impacts all stakeholders. Whilst several studies have provided insight into this experience from the educator and/or university perspective, this scoping review aimed to identify the students' experience of failing or nearly failing a professional practice experience. Following Arskey and O'Malley's framework for scoping reviews, 24 papers were included in this review. This review generated six themes including the reasons for failure, how failure looks and feels, how supports, service and strategies influence the student experience of failure, the importance of communication, relationships and organisational culture, the impact infrastructure and policies have, and the consequences of failure. The outcomes of this scoping review highlighted three key characteristics of the research to date: (a) the student voice is still largely missing; (b) the student perspective is distinctly different to that of other stakeholders; and (c) the interventions used appear not to be student-informed or student-led. Better understanding this experience from the student's perspective could create a more sustainable practice education environment by designing and implementing more effective supports, services or strategies that reduce the overall impact a failing experience has on students and key stakeholders.

Integrating Clinical Education and Anthropological Fieldwork: Moving Beyond Outcome-Centric Models to Embrace Serendipity and Contextual Learning / 医学教育

The extent to which students’ experiences are enriched by incorporating anthropology into clinical education in undergraduate medical education has not been adequately examined. The authors have collaborated to integrate anthropological fieldwork with clinical education in a clinical clerkship course. Reflection on the course has highlighted that the principles of anthropological fieldwork have stimulated changes in the roles of both faculty and students, as well as their interpersonal dynamics. These changes have the potential to promote an ‘education emerged from serendipity in the field’ approach, which tends to be undervalued in the current clinical training driven by the prevailing outcome-based medical education paradigm.