Fifteen years of engine-driven nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments, what do we know so far? An umbrella review.

Numerous systematic reviews (SRs) have produced conflicting findings on engine-driven nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments (reciprocating instruments) since Yared's seminal study 15 years ago. This umbrella review analysed SRs examining the clinical and laboratory evidence regarding reciprocating instruments for root canal treatment. SRs that evaluated qualitatively and/or quantitatively the outcomes postoperative pain, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), shaping ability, debris extrusion, microbial load, endotoxins reduction, cyclic fatigue, file fracture, dentinal cracks and root canal filling removal were included. The AMSTAR 2 tool was used to evaluate SRs quality, while the ROBIS tool to assess risk of bias (RoB). Forty SRs were included. The SRs revealed predominantly 'high' RoB and 'critically low' quality. Most focused on technical outcomes, exhibiting significant methodological and statistical heterogeneity. Findings suggest comparable efficacy between reciprocating and rotary instruments. However, due to the scarcity of high-quality evidence, future well-designed studies and reviews considering core outcome measures are needed.

Fasta2Structure: a user-friendly tool for converting multiple aligned FASTA files to STRUCTURE format.

BACKGROUND: The STRUCTURE software has gained popularity as a tool for population structure and genetic analysis. Nevertheless, formatting data to meet STRUCTURE's specific requirements can be daunting and susceptible to errors, especially when handling multilocus data. This article highlights the creation of a graphical user interface (GUI) application tailored to streamline the process of converting multiple sequence alignments into a single, cohesive file that is compatible with the STRUCTURE software. RESULTS: The application has been developed utilizing Tkinter for the GUI and Biopython for handling FASTA files. This program processes the files, pinpoints variable sites, and converts the sequences into a binary format. Subsequently, the sequences are concatenated and presented within the graphical interface's text area, enabling users to review and confirm the results. Furthermore, the program stores the concatenated results in a file, delivering a ready-to-use input for the STRUCTURE software. CONCLUSION: This application offers an efficient and dependable solution for transforming multiple aligned FASTA files into a concatenated binary format file, which is compatible with the STRUCTURE software. With its user-friendly graphical interface and error-reduction approach, this tool proves invaluable for researchers engaged in population structure and genetic analysis.

Comparison of obturation quality, instrumentation time and post-operative pain using manual K-files and pediatric rotary files in primary molars ­ a double blinded randomised clinical trial / Comparação da qualidade de obturação, tempo de instrumentação e dor pós-operatória usando Limas manuais K e Limas rotativas pediátricas em molares decíduos ­ um estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego

Objective: to compare the quality of obturation, instrumentation time and post-operative pain after pulpectomy in primary molars using manual K-files, Kedo-S and Kedo-S Square rotary file systems. Material and Methods: a double blinded randomized control trial was conducted in 45 children, who were indicated for pulpectomy in any one of the primary mandibular molars. The canal preparation was done using either hand K-files, Kedo-S files, or Kedo-S Square files based on the groups assigned. The time taken for instrumentation was recorded using a stopwatch. The quality of obturation was evaluated using post-operative radiograph and post-operative pain was assessed with modified Wong-Baker Faces Pain scale. Results: instrumentation time was minimum in rotary Kedo-S Square files (53.23 ± 9.60 seconds) followed by Kedo-S files (82.70 ± 11.86 seconds). The preparation time was maximum with manual K-files (121.43 ± 20.18 seconds). Kedo-S square files provided a higher number of optimally filled canals (66.4%). All the three instrumentations equally showed the tendency to produce voids in the obturation. Rotary files Kedo-S Square followed by Kedo-S showed less post-operative pain compared to K-files. Conclusion: the use of pediatric rotary instruments for canal preparation during pulpectomy will result in better quality of obturation in reduced time with least post-operative pain (AU)

Objetivo: comparar a qualidade de obturação, tempo de instrumentação e dor pós-operatória após pulpectomia em molares decíduos usando limas manuais K, limas rotatórias Kedo-S e limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square. Material e Métodos: um estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego foi conduzido com 45 crianças que foram submetidas à pulpectomia de algum molar decíduo indicado. A preparação do canal foi feita usando limas manuais K, ou limas Kedo-S, ou ainda Limas Kedo-S Square, com base nos grupos que foram selecionados. O tempo para a instrumentação foi registrado com um cronômetro. A qualidade de obturação foi avaliada por meio de uma radiografia após o procedimento e a dor pós-operatória foi avaliada com a escala de dor Wong-Baker Faces modificada. Resultados: o tempo de instrumentação foi mínimo para as limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square (53,23 ± 9,60 segundos) seguido pelas limas Kedo-S (82,70 ± 11,86 segundos). O tempo de preparação foi maior com as limas manuais K (121,43 ± 20,18 segundos). As limas Kedo-S Square promoveram um maior número de canais otimamente obturados (66,4%). Todas as três instrumentações mostraram igualmente a tendência em seproduzir vazios na obturação. As limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square seguidas pelas limas Kedo-S produziram menos dor pós-operatória comparadas às limas manuais K. Conclusão: o uso de instrumentos rotatórios pediátricos para a preparação do canal durante a pulpectomia resultará em melhor qualidade de obturação em tempo reduzido e com menos dor pós-operatória. (AU)

Past, Present, and Future Trends of Nickel Titanium Rotary Instrumentation.

This article reviews the historical development, properties, and trends of nickel titanium rotary instrumentation use for the veterinary endodontist.

Influence of cyclic loading in NiTi austenitic and R-phase endodontic files from a finite element perspective.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effects of cyclic loading on the bending moments and the developed stress state of austenitic and R-phase endodontic files through finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mechanical properties of two groups of NiTi wires, austenite and R-phase, were measured in samples at two different conditions: uncycled and cycled. The cycled condition was achieved by subjecting samples of the two groups to 80% of the corresponding fatigue life under rotating bending efforts. The measured mechanical properties were then used in the finite element analysis, where the boundary and loading conditions were set to replicate a standard bending test. RESULTS: The results showed that mechanical cycling leads to decreasing stress levels and bending moments in the simulated files, especially in the austenitic ones. In comparison with austenite, R-phase presented a more stable mechanical behavior during cycling. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the moment and stress calculated for an instrument under bending can be considerably decreased after some cyclic work. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The fatigue related to the clinical use of an endodontic file decreases the moment (as well as the forces) imposed by the instrument during the shaping of a curved root canal. This decrease is directly related to the type of atomic array present in the alloy.

Impact of Endodontic Kinematics on Stress Distribution During Root Canal Treatment: Analysis of Photoelastic Stress.

INTRODUCTION: Structural defects created by endodontic treatment are the most common cause of major dental failures. This study analyzed levels of stress produced by endodontic instruments during the root canal treatment by photoelastic analysis of stress. METHODS: Twenty-four human premolars were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6) according to instrumentation protocol: ProTaper Next (GPT), One Shape (GOS), Wave One Gold (GWO), and TF Adaptive (GTF). The evaluation of the photoelastic model was performed at 4 dental zones: dental-crown region, cervical third of root, middle third of root, and apical third of root. Silicone molds were prepared (2 × 15 mm), and pinjets were used inside the root canals to fixate teeth. Photoelastic resin (2:1 ratio) was poured into the silicone molds to form photoelastic models. A transmission polariscope was used to analyze the positions of interest and recorded with a digital camera. Tardy's method was used to quantify the fringe order (n) and calculate the maximum stress value (τ) at each selected point. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, Tukey test (P < .05), fringe descriptive analysis. RESULTS: All groups showed a significant increase in the level of stress created during biomechanical preparation of the root canals. In the quantitative analysis, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (P > .05). In the qualitative analysis, GPT and GTF instruments achieved greater levels of stresses compared with GWO and GOS instruments. At the beginning of instrumentation, stresses were concentrated at the coronary level and the end of instrumentation at the middle and apical root level. CONCLUSIONS: All endodontic systems resulted in accumulation of stress along the dental structure. Stress was found in different concentrations along the tooth and at different levels.

Fracture incidence of Reciproc instruments during root canal retreatment performed by postgraduate students: a cross-sectional retrospective clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the fracture incidence of Reciproc R25 instruments (VDW) used during non-surgical root canal retreatments performed by students in a postgraduate endodontic program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the analysis of clinical record cards and periapical radiographs of root canal retreatments performed by postgraduate students using the Reciproc R25, a total of 1,016 teeth (2,544 root canals) were selected. The instruments were discarded after a single use. The general incidence of instrument fractures and its frequency was analyzed considering the group of teeth and the root thirds where the fractures occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test (p < 0.01). RESULTS: Seven instruments were separated during the procedures. The percentage of fracture in relation to the number of instrumented canals was 0.27% and 0.68% in relation to the number of instrumented teeth. Four fractures occurred in maxillary molars, 1 in a mandibular molar, 1 in a mandibular premolar and 1 in a maxillary incisor. A greater number of fractures was observed in molars when compared with the number of fractures observed in the other dental groups (p < 0.01). Considering all of the instrument fractures, 71.43% were located in the apical third and 28.57% in the middle third (p < 0.01). One instrument fragment was removed, one bypassed, while in 5 cases, the instrument fragment remained inside the root canal. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Reciproc R25 instruments in root canal retreatments carried out by postgraduate students was associated with a low incidence of fractures.

The shaping ability of WaveOne Gold, TRUShape and XP-endo Shaper systems in oval-shaped distal canals of mandibular molars: A microcomputed tomographic analysis.

AIM: To compare the shaping ability of a heat-treated centric reciprocating file system (WaveOne Gold), a heat-treated eccentric rotary multifile system (TRUShape 3D Conforming Files), and a heat-treated expandable one-file rotary system (XP-endo Shaper) extending its activation time, in preparing oval-shaped root canals in extracted mandibular molars by means of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. METHODOLOGY: Thirty moderately curved oval-shaped distal roots of mandibular molars were selected. The normality of canal length, curvature angle, volume, surface area, structure model index, and aspect ratio were confirmed. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10). Micro-CT scans were taken before and after canals were instrumented using WaveOne Gold (size 35, .06 taper), or TRUShape (size 30, .06v taper), both following the manufacturer's instructions, or XP-endo Shaper following a new protocol with extended activation time. The mechanical preparation time for each sample was recorded. Pre- and postoperative images were analysed for the percentage of unprepared canal areas and the percentage of removed dentine. Data were compared between groups using the statistical analyses one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < .05). RESULTS: The percentage of unprepared canal areas was significantly higher with WaveOne Gold (% 11.5 ± 4.0) and TRUShape (% 12.4 ± 5.8) compared with XP-endo Shaper (% 5.2 ± 2.6) (p < .05). XP-endo Shaper removed significantly more dentine (3.3 ± 1.5 mm3 ) than WaveOne Gold (1.8 ± 0.8 mm3 ) and TRUShape (1.9 ± 0.8 mm3 ) (p < .05). No significant differences were seen for mechanical preparation time between WaveOne Gold (79 ± 31 s), TRUShape (104 ± 41 s) and XP-endo Shaper (71 ± 23 s) (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of three recognized root canal filing systems has shown that with similar preparation times, the XP-endo Shaper removed more dentine (mm3 ) leaving less unprepared canal wall area (%) than WaveOne Gold and TRUShape when preparing oval-shaped root canals of extracted mandibular molars.

Avaliação do nível de sujidade de sistemas rotatório e reciprocante após instrumentação e procedimentos de limpeza pré-esterilização / Evaluation of the dirt level of rotary and reciprocating systems after instrumentation and pre-sterilization cleaning procedures

Objetivos: avaliar a sujidade de limas rotatórias e reciprocantes após instrumentação e procedimentos de limpeza pré-esterilização. Materiais e métodos: 24 limas rotatórias e as 24 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em dois grandes grupos. No primeiro grupo, as 12 limas rotatórias e as 12 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em seis subgrupos (SG): SG1 (controle negativo 1/n=1) ­ 1 lima rotatória não submetida à instrumentação; SG2 (controle negativo 2/n=1) ­ 1 lima reciprocante não submetida à instrumentação; SG3 (controle positivo 1/n=1) ­ 1 lima rotatória submetida à instrumentação e não submetida a qualquer protocolo de limpeza; SG4 (controle positivo 2/n=1) ­ 1 lima reciprocante submetida à instrumentação e não submetida a qualquer protocolo de limpeza; SG5 (grupo teste/n=10) ­ 10 limas rotatórias submetidas à instrumentação e submetidas ao protocolo de lavagem manual; SG6 (grupo teste/ n=10) ­ 10 limas reciprocantes submetidas à instrumentação e submetidas ao protocolo de lavagem manual. No segundo grupo, as 12 limas rotatórias e as 12 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, nos mesmos subgrupos, substituindo, nos subgrupos 5 e 6, a lavagem manual pela lavagem em cuba ultrassônica. A análise do nível de sujidade foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), sendo os dados submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a menor média de sujidade entre os grupos experimentais foi encontrada no SG5 do G1, sem diferença significante em relação aos demais grupos testados (p>0,05). Conclusão: conclui-se que os protocolos de limpeza testados não foram completamente efetivos para a remoção de sujidade das limas endodônticas.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the dirt of rotary and reciprocating files after instrumentation and pre- -sterilization cleaning procedures. Materials and Methods: 24 rotary files and the 24 reciprocating files were randomly divided into two groups. In the 1st group, 12 rotary files and 12 reciprocating files were randomly divided into six subgroups (SG): SG1 (negative control 1/n=1) ­ 1 rotary file not subjected to instrumentation; SG2 (negative control 2/n=1) ­ 1 reciprocating file not subjected to instrumentation; SG3 (positive control 1/n=1) ­ 1 rotary file submitted to instrumentation and not submitted to any cleaning protocol; SG4 (positive control 2/n=1) ­ 1 reciprocating file submitted to instrumentation and not submitted to any cleaning protocol; SG5 (test group/n=10) ­ 10 rotary files submitted to instrumentation and submitted to the manual cleaning protocol; SG6 (test group/n=10) ­ 10 reciprocating files submitted to instrumentation and submitted to the manual cleaning protocol. In the 2nd group, the 12 rotary files and the 12 reciprocating files were randomly divided into the same subgroups, substituting, in subgroups 5 and 6, manual with ultrasonic bath cleaning. The analysis of dirt levels was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), being the data submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: the lowest average of dirt between the experimental groups was found in SG5 of G1, with no significant difference when compared to the other groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: it could be concluded that the cleaning protocols were not completely effective in removing dirt from endodontic files.(AU)

Análisis retrospectivo de registros clínicos de una población felina, a partir de los rangos etarios definidos por la International Cat Care / Clinical Record Retrospective Analysis of a Cat Population based on the Age Ranges Defined by the International Cat Care

Resumen En el presente estudio se realizó un análisis retrospectivo a 1199 fichas clínicas de felinos, pertenecientes a una clínica veterinaria entre los años 2008-2013, con el propósito de establecer el orden de importancia de las distintas patologías. Dicho análisis se basó en la categoría etaria de la International Cat Care (ICC) y consideró las variables sistema afectado, raza, sexo y condición reproductiva. Del total de fichas, el 69 % (827/1199) correspondieron a pacientes con patologías, donde el sistema más afectado correspondió al sistema tegumentario (20,1 %). La raza con mayor representación correspondió a los tipo doméstico común (DC), con un 98,42 %, mientras que el 1,58 % restante fue representado por ejemplares de raza. Con respecto a la distribución por sexo, esta afectó al 52,29 % de los machos y al 47,71 % de las hembras. De acuerdo con el rango etario, el mayor porcentaje de patologías se presentó en los junior, con un 41,53 %. Con respecto a la condición reproductiva, el 76,15 % de las fichas clínicas analizadas correspondió a animales enteros, los castrados representaron el 7,51 % y la diferencia porcentual restante (16,35 %) incluyó a todos aquellos pacientes en los cuales no existía dicha información.

Abstract This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of 1199 cat clinical files in a veterinary clinic between 2008 and 2013. The study aims to determine an importance ranking for the different pathologies. This analysis is based on the age categories provided by the International Cat Care (ICC) and takes into account the variables: affected system, race, sex, and reproductive condition. Out of the total files, 69% (827/1199) accounted for patients with pathologies and the integumentary system was the most frequently affected (20.1 %). The most frequently found race was the common home cat (CHC) with 98.42% while the remaining 1.58 % accounted for specific race specimens. Regarding the sex distribution, 52.29% of affected cats were male and 47.71% were female. Regarding the age ranges, a higher percentage of pathologies was found in junior cats, with 41.53%. Regarding the reproductive condition, 76.15% of the clinical files analyzed herein belong to non-neutered cats and 7.51% to neutered cats. The remaining percentage difference (16.35 %) includes all the patients without this specific information.

Optimum glide path motion is safer than continuous rotation of files in glide path preparation.

This study evaluated the resistance to flexural fatigue and torsional strength of files for glide path preparation in continuous rotation or Optimum Glide Path motion (OGP). ScoutRace 15.02 and ProGlider 16.02 files were used in a dynamic testing device during preparation of simulating curved root canals (40-degree curvature and 5 mm radius). For the torsional test, a machine was used to test torsion measured maximum torsional strength (N.cm). Two-way anova and Tukey's multiple comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. Files in OGP motion had a statistically better resistance to flexural fatigue (P < 0.05). ProGlider files took longer time to failure than ScoutRace files only when OGP was used (P < 0.05). The torsional test revealed that OGP produced significantly less torsional stress than rotary motions for both types of glide path files (P < 0.05) In conclusion, OGP motion increased substantially the mechanical safety of endodontic glide path files.

Effect of Reciprocating and Rotary Systems on Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Our study aimed to compare the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain after endodontic instrumentation with reciprocating and rotary systems. Methods and Materials: An electronic literature search was performed with MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 2008 to June 2020. Two high-impact endodontic journals were also hand searched. The selection criteria were: 1) Population; patients requiring endodontic treatment (primary or secondary), 2) Intervention and Comparison; endodontic instrumentation with reciprocating versus rotary systems, and 3) Outcome; postoperative pain. We extrapolated all included research data and reported them as dichotomized ordinal variables to evaluate the incidence of pain and continuous variables to assess pain intensity. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated with Inverse Variance method for pain intensity; the incidence of postoperative pain was calculated using relative risk (RR) with the Mantel-Haenszel method. Random-effects model and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for all meta-analyses. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate the statistical heterogeneity among studies (P<0.05). Results: Twenty-one articles were selected and 17 of them were included in the meta-analysis for the evaluation of postoperative pain in the first 24 h. The meta-analysis was performed in two steps: a) all studies were included; b) subsequently studies with preoperative pain were excluded. A significant difference was observed in the intensity of postoperative pain; with rotary system having more favorable in both steps [a) SMD: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.41; P=0.0002; b) SMD: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.58; P=0.0010]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pain, and the incidence of mild, moderate and severe pain (P>0.05). Conclusion: The meta-analysis results revealed that rotary system were the instrument of choice as they had lower intensity of postoperative pain. Further controlled studies are advocated to provide clarification for intensity/incidence of postoperative pain in endodontic treatment with mechanized instruments.

Comparison of Mechanical and Structural Properties of Nickel-titanium Alloy with Titanium-molybdenum Alloy and Titanium-niobium Alloy as Potential Metals for Endodontic Files.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the mechanical and structural properties of the nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy already used in endodontics with titanium-molybdenum (Ti-Mo) and titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloys to determine if these can be suggested in the manufacture of endodontic files. Methods and Materials: Orthodontic wires made of the different alloys were used. The previously mentioned alloys were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and torsion tests. Cyclic fatigue tests were performed on a simulated canal with a curvature of 86° to 375 rpm. The fractured surfaces of the wires were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A Kruskal-Wallis test and U Mann Whitney test were used to determine significant differences in cyclic fatigue between groups. Results: In the mechanical tests, similar values of torsion were found for the three alloys. In XRD, the Ti-Nb showed less structural changes. In the cyclic fatigue test, Ti-Nb was found to be significantly more resistant with respect to Ni-Ti and Ti-Mo. Conclusion: Based on our in vitro study, Ti-Nb is suggested as a possible alloy for the manufacture of rotary files due to its impressive properties.

Does the type of endodontic access influence in the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating instruments?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc R25 (R25) and Reciproc Blue R25 (R25B) instruments, after simulated clinical use in traditional (TradAC) and ultraconservative (UltraAC) endodontic access cavities. METHODS: Forty mandibular molars were randomly assigned into the following groups, according to the type of access and instrument to be used: TradAC and R25, TradAC and R25B, UltraAC and R25, and UltraAC and R25B. Teeth were accessed accordingly, and the root canals were prepared using "RECIPROC ALL" kinematics. The cyclic fatigue resistance of the forty used instruments was obtained measuring the time to fracture in an artificial stainless-steel canal. Ten brand new R25 and R25B were used as control groups. The fracture surfaces and the side cutting edges of the instruments were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: R25B instruments showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than R25, regardless of the access cavity type (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the cyclic fatigue resistance between instruments without simulated clinical use and used in TradAC (P > 0.05). R25 and R25B used in UltraAC showed significantly lower cyclic fatigue resistance compared with the instruments used in TradAC and without simulated clinical use (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: R25B files showed improved cyclic fatigue resistance than R25. The use of R25B and R25 files in mandibular molars with UltraACs decreased their cyclic fatigue resistance, compared with TradAC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue files in mandibular molars with ultra-conservative endodontic access cavities reduced their cyclic fatigue resistance. Clinicians should be aware about the reduced cyclic fatigue resistance of these files when used in mandibular molars with UltraAC, due to the synergistic effect of access angulation and severe curvature induced in the endodontic files.

O acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga escola industrial e comercial Artur de Paiva (1939-1975) / Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old industrial and commercial school Artur de Paiva (1939-1975)

RESUMO O ensaio cuja abordagem centra-se no "acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga Escola Industrial e Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitado em termos cronológicos nos períodos entre 1939 a 1975. É interessante estudar o acesso à informação deste fundo pelas seguintes razões: Por um lado, a escola sendo uma das mais antigas da Região Sul de Angola, e por outro lado, devido ao elevado número de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulado ao longo destes anos pela instituição. Daí que, a necessidade de analisar o estado atual do acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola e da legislação existente sobre ela, virada para o sector de ensino, tornou-se o principal objetivo do ensaio. Far-se-á através de um estudo de caso, documental e bibliográfica, analisando o fenómeno isoladamente para percebermos melhor a situação real do acesso à informação na instituição. A combinação de vários elementos metodológicos, permitirá perceber o mesmo objeto sobre perspetivas diferentes. Efetivamente, também serão apresentadas legislações nacionais e internacionais que tratam sobre o acesso à informação, proteção dos dados pessoais, entre outros. Finalmente, será possível propor um modelo para o acesso à informação do fundo histórico da escola.

ABSTRACT The tes whose approach focuses on "Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old Industrial and Commercial School Artur de Paiva", limited in chronological terms between 1939 and 1975. It is interesting to study the access to information from this fund by following reasons: On the one hand, the school being one of the oldest in the Southern Region of Angola, and on the other hand, due to the high number of documents of historical and investigative value accumulated over these years by the institution. Hence, the need to analyze the current state of access to information in the archives of Angola and the existing legislation on it, facing the education sector, became the main objective of the essay. It will be done through a case study, documentary and bibliographic, analyzing the phenomenon in isolation to better understand the real situation of access to information in the institution. The combination of several methodological elements, will allow to perceive the same object from different perspectives. Effectively, national and international laws that deal with access to information, protection of personal data, among others, will also be presented. Finally, it will be possible to propose a model for accessing information from the school's historical fund.

RESUMEN El ensayo cuyo enfoque se centra en "El acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola: Fondo de la antigua Escuela Industrial y Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitada en términos cronológicos entre 1939 y 1975..Es interesante estudiar el acceso a la información de este fondo por las siguientes razones: por un lado, la escuela es una de las más antiguas de la Región Sur de Angola, y por otro lado, debido a la gran cantidad de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulados durante estos años. años por la institución. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de analizar el estado actual del acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola y la legislación existente sobre el mismo, frente al sector educativo, se convirtió en el objetivo principal del ensayo. Se realizará a través de un estudio de caso, documental y bibliográfico, analizando el fenómeno de forma aislada para comprender mejor la situación real de acceso a la información en la institución. La combinación de varios elementos metodológicos, permitirá percibir el mismo objeto desde diferentes perspectivas. Efectivamente, también se presentarán leyes nacionales e internacionales que se ocupan del acceso a la información, la protección de datos personales, entre otros. Finalmente, será posible proponer un modelo para acceder a la información de los antecedentes históricos de la escuela.

Determinación de la simbología más utilizada en expedientes odontológicos en Costa Rica en el año 2019 con fines de identificación de seres humanos / Determination of the most common symbology used in dental records in Costa Rica in 2019 for identification of human beings

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer cuál es la simbología utilizada por los profesionales en odontología para documentar los hallazgos odontológicos más comunes en sus expedientes; con la finalidad de incluirla en un formato único odontológico estandarizado con fines de identificación en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un cuestionario se identificó y comparó la simbología utilizada por profesionales en odontología generales y especialistas para registrar los hallazgos odontológicos en sus expedientes. Se realizó una fase piloto con 8 cuestionarios y posterior a las correcciones se aplicó a una muestra de 49 odontólogos que incluyó a profesionales en odontología generales y de todas las especialidades. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas para el análisis de la información recolectada en las encuestas son las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia. El nivel mínimo de confianza para las comparaciones fue del 95%. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se diseñó una base de datos creada en EPI-INFO 6.4, el procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó en SPSS versión 13.0 y en Excel. Resultados: De los 49 participantes, 56% fueron hombres y 44% mujeres. La edad varía entre 25 y 65 años; la edad promedio fue de 44,5 años (IC 95%: 41,7 - 47,3) y una edad mediana [1] de 43 años, la cual no tuvo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,552) entre la edad promedio entre los hombres y mujeres. El 70% de los odontólogos usan expediente físico, mientras que sólo un 17% usan expediente digital, y el 13% usan ambos; en el expediente digital es en el que se presenta la mayoría de problemas con un 62,5 %, en comparación al físico que tiene una prevalencia de 36,4% donde el principal problema es que no se comprendió la letra en un 86,7%. Conclusiones: El examen clínico odontológico es de extrema utilidad para colaborar en el proceso de identificación de víctimas mortales, sin embargo, se logró identificar, que no todos los profesionales en odontología en Costa Rica realizan una adecuada documentación en sus expedientes clínicos. Se propone una simbología estandararizada para dicha documentación.

Abstract Introduction: The objective of the research was to establish what is the symbology used by dentistry professionals to document the most common dental findings in their records; with the purpose of including it in a single standardized dental format for identification purposes in Costa Rica. Materials and methods: Through a questionnaire the symbology used by general dentists and specialists was identified and compared to record the dental findings in their files. A pilot phase with 8 questionnaires was carried out and after the corrections, it was applied to a sample of 49 dentists that included general and all specialties dentists. The statistical techniques used for the analysis of the information collected in the surveys are frequency distributions, crossing of variables, comparison of means based on the analysis of variance. The minimum level of confidence for the comparisons was 95%. The statistical processing of the data was designed a database created in EPI-INFO 6.4, the statistical processing of the data was performed in SPSS version 13.0 and in Excel. Results: The sample was conformed by 49 participants, 56% were men and 44% women. The age varies between 25 and 65 years; the average age was 44.5 years (95% CI: 41.7 - 47.3) and a median age [1] of 43 years, which had no statistically significant difference (p = 0.552) between the average age between men and women. A 70% of dentists use physical records, while only 17% use digital records, and 13% use both; digital files present the majority of problems with 62.5%, compared to the written format who has a prevalence of 36.4% where the main problem is that the letter was not understood in an 86.7 %. Conclusions: Dental records are extremely useful to collaborate in the process of human identification in fatalities; however, it was possible to identify that not all dental professionals in Costa Rica make adequate documentation in their clinical records. A standardized symbology is proposed for such documentation.

Biocorrosive behavior of sulphate-reducing bacteria in kerr endodontic files: Determination of the corrosion.

AIMS: This study determined the corrosion rate by mass loss caused by oral strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in Kerr endodontic files (KF), aiming the development of a biopharmaceutical that facilitates the removal of endodontic limb fragments from root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine new KF were analyzed after immersion in the modified Postgate E culture medium inoculated with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans oral (84 days), Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis in the consortium (84 days) and environmental D. desulfuricans (119 days). RESULTS: Optical microscopy revealed corrosion suggestive areas in all files submitted to immersion in SRB cultures, presenting a statistical difference (P < 0.05) between the samples environmental D. desulfuricans and KF control and between oral D. desulfuricans and KF control. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed an active SRB biofilm over the entire metal surface of the KF, as evidenced by the SYTO® 9 fluorophore. CONCLUSION: SRB were capable of promoting biocorrosion in Kerr type endodontic files, but with low rate.

Operadores analíticos da pesquisa com arquivos em michel foucault / Operadores analíticos de la investigación con archivos en michel foucault / Analytical research operators with archives on michel foucault

Resumo Estudar documentos não é algo comum à Psicologia, porém, é um caminho pertinente para operar a problematização de nosso presente, que diz respeito a uma área tradicionalmente trabalhada pelos historiadores. Contudo, a Psicologia Social e Institucional tem buscado se apropriar dessa metodologia e, assim, aberto um campo relevante de estudos até então negligenciado pelos pesquisadores em Psicologia. Como nossa pesquisa se insere em um campo de estudos ainda pouco explorado pela Psicologia, acreditamos ser pertinente apresentar apontamentos sobre os embates que operaram no campo da história, para que se formasse uma visão mais ampla e abrangente sobre a noção de documento, além da abertura às novas temáticas com forte destaque ao movimento dos Annales. A partir dessa contextualização, procuramos focalizar a inserção das pesquisas históricas efetivadas por Michel Foucault, e a constituição de uma trilha de precauções metodológicas, denominada arqueogenealogia.

Resumen Aunque el estudio de documentos no sea algo común a la Psicología, es una forma pertinente de operar la problematización de nuestro presente, que se refiere a un área tradicionalmente trabajada por historiadores. Sin embargo, la Psicología Social e Institucional ha tratado de apropiarse de esta metodología y, por lo tanto, abierto un campo de estudios relevante hasta ahora descuidado por los investigadores en Psicología. Como nuestra investigación es parte de un campo de estudios aún poco explorado por la Psicología, creemos que es pertinente presentar notas sobre los enfrentamientos que operaron en el campo de la historia, para que se formase una visión más amplia e integral sobre la noción de documento, además de la apertura a las nuevas temáticas, con un fuerte énfasis en el movimiento de los Annales. Desde este contexto, buscamos centrarnos en la inserción de las investigaciones históricas llevadas a cabo por Michel Foucault, y en la constitución de un rastro de precauciones metodológicas, llamado arqueogenealogía.

Abstract To study documents is not something common to psychology, however, it is an effective way to operate the questioning of our present, which relates to an area traditionally crafted by historians. However, Social and Institutional Psychology has sought to appropriate this methodology and thus open up a relevant field studies previously neglected by researchers in psychology. As our research is part of a field of study still little explored by psychology, we believe it is pertinent to present notes on the clashes that operated in the field of history, towards the formation of a broader and more comprehensive view of the notion of document, as well as opening the new themes with a strong emphasis on the movement of the Annales. From this context, we seek to focus on the integration of historical research carried out by Michel Foucault, and the establishment of a trail of methodological precautions, denominated archeogenealogy.

Assessing the quality of root canal filling and instrumentation time using kedo-s files, reciprocating files and k-files / Avaliando a qualidade de obturação e tempo instrumentação usando limas kedo-s, limas reciprocantes e limas k manuais

Objective: Pulpectomy is the conservative treatment approach that retains and preserves the primary tooth in the dental arch in its normal function and non-pathologic state until its exfoliation. Over the years, pulpectomy has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of root filing and instrumentation time using Kedo-S files, Reciprocating files and K-files in primary teeth. Material And Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 45 primary molars equally distributed for instrumentation with Kedo-S files, reciprocating files and K-Files. Immediate post-operative digital radiographs were taken to evaluate the quality of root filing and root canal instrumentation time was also recorded. Results: Mean instrumentation time with Kedo-S was 75.6 seconds, reciprocating file was 190.6 seconds and K-file was 95.4 seconds. Highest optimal fill was obtained with Kedo-S file group, highest overfill was obtained with Kedo-S group and highest under fill was obtained with reciprocating file group. Conclusion: Kedo-S rotary system provides better quality of root canal filling in minimum instrumentation time. (AU)

Objetivo: A pulpectomia é o tratamento conservador que retém e preserva o dente decíduo na arcada dentária em sua função normal e estado não patológico até sua esfoliação. Ao longo dos anos, a pulpectomia foi realizada usando várias técnicas de instrumentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade da obturação do canal radicular e do tempo de instrumentação usando limas Kedo-S, limas reciprocantes e limas K em dentes decíduos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado em 45 molares decíduos distribuídos igualmente para instrumentação com limas Kedo-S, limas reciprocantes e limas K. Radiografias digitais pós-operatórias imediatas foram realizadas para avaliar a qualidade da obturação e também foi registrado o tempo de instrumentação do canal radicular. Resultados: O tempo médio de instrumentação com Kedo-S foi de 75,6 segundos, com limas reciprocantes foi de 190,6 segundos e com limas K foi de 95,4 segundos. O maior índice de obturação ideal foi obtido com o grupo de limas Kedo-S, o maior índice de sobreobturação foi obtido com o grupo Kedo-S e o maior índice de infraobturação foi obtido com o grupo de limas reciprocantes. Conclusão: O sistema rotatório Kedo-S fornece melhor qualidade de obturação do canal radicular em tempo mínimo de instrumentação.(AU)

Effect of aging on dentinal crack formation after treatment and retreatment procedures: a micro-ct study

Abstract In order to evaluate the volume of dentinal cracks taking into account the age of the dentin and the type of file system used for endodontic procedures, forty freshly extracted single-rooted lower incisive teeth presenting similar root volume, were divided into two groups according to the age of the patient: Group Young (18 - 30 years old) and Group Old (60 years old or more). Each specimen was scanned by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) in three stages: (i) before any treatment, (ii) after endodontic treatment with Reciproc files (REC), and (iii) after subsequent endodontic retreatment. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, according to the retreatment technique used: retreatment with REC or with ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PUR) files. For each subgroup, the images were analyzed for differences in the volume of dentinal cracks in the middle and apical thirds of the teeth , according to the dentin age. In both stages (before and after instrumentation), the micro-CT images of the old root dentin presented with higher volume of cracks than those of the young root dentin, statistical significance notwithstanding (p>0.01). The use of REC files appeared to have no statistically significant differences in the generation of cracks in any type of root dentin when compared with PUR files (p>0.01). When retreated with PUR, the old root dentin presented with a significantly higher volume of cracks (p<0.01) when compared with the old root dentin initially.

Resumo Para avaliar o volume de fissuras dentinárias levando em consideração a idade da dentina e o tipo de sistema de limas utilizadas para procedimentos endodônticos, 40 dentes unirradiculares, incisivos inferiores, apresentando similar volume radicular, recentemente extraídos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a idade do paciente: Grupo Jovem (18 a 30 anos) e Grupo Idoso (60 anos ou mais). Cada espécime foi scaneada por microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT) em três estágios: (i) antes de qualquer tratamento, (ii) após tratamento endodôntico com limas Reciproc (REC) e (iii) após subsequente retratamento endodôntico. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos, de acordo com a técnica de retratamento utilizada: retratamento com REC ou com lima ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PUR). As imagens foram analisadas quanto às diferenças no volume das fissuras dentinárias nos terços médio e apical dos dentes de acordo com a idade da dentina. Em ambos os estágios (antes e depois da instrumentação), as imagens de micro-CT da dentina radicular idosa apresentaram maior volume de trincas do que as jovens, sem significância estatística (p>0.01). O uso das limas REC mostram não ter diferença estatística significante na geração de fissuras, em qualquer tipo de dentina, quando comparadas às limas PUR (p>0.01). Quando retratada com PUR, a dentina radicular idosa apresentou um volume de trincas significativamente maior (p<0.01) quando comparado com a dentina radicular idosa inicialmente.