Metodología para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del futsal adaptado para estudiantes con discapacidad visual

El estudio está dirigido a la comprensión para atender las necesidades de inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad visual durante la práctica del futsal en las clases de Educación Física, poder disminuir su miedo hacia el deporte, mejorar su autoestima y sensibilizar a la familia y al personal docente en su radio de acción y que sean aceptados en cada uno de sus entrenamientos. El objetivo se centra en elaborar una metodología para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del futsal adaptado, para estudiantes con discapacidad visual que desde una educación inclusiva garantice una mejor calidad de vida; de esta forma se mejora su rendimiento y se promueve su bienestar físico y mental. Durante la investigación se utilizaron como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación científica y la entrevista que permitieron conocer a profundidad los antecedentes, el estado actual y prospectivo del problema, así como diseñar la posible solución. Los resultados obtenidos están orientados hacia una transformación desde los ajustes curriculares de las necesidades psicológicas, sociales, comunicativas y físicas de los estudiantes; así, la metodología deja claro cómo trabajar desde los diferentes contextos, las recomendaciones metodológicas y los requisitos a tener en cuenta, a partir de la discapacidad visual presentada y la manera de evaluar. Tal empeño favorece la igualdad de oportunidades y cooperación como seres sociales en el contorno educacional donde se desenvuelven.

O estudo tem como objetivo compreender como atender as necessidades de inclusão dos alunos com deficiência visual durante a prática do futsal nas aulas de Educação Física, diminuir o medo da prática esportiva, melhorar sua autoestima e conscientizar a família e o corpo docente. raio de atuação e que sejam aceitos em cada uma de suas sessões de treinamento. O objetivo centra-se no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem do futsal adaptado, para alunos com deficiência visual que, através da educação inclusiva, garanta uma melhor qualidade de vida; Desta forma, o seu desempenho melhora e o seu bem-estar físico e mental é promovido. Durante a investigação foram utilizados como métodos empíricos a revisão documental, a observação científica e as entrevistas, que nos permitiram conhecer a fundo o contexto, o estado atual e prospectivo do problema, bem como desenhar a possível solução. Os resultados obtidos orientam-se para uma transformação a partir dos ajustes curriculares das necessidades psicológicas, sociais, comunicativas e físicas dos alunos; Assim, a metodologia deixa claro como trabalhar a partir dos diferentes contextos, as recomendações metodológicas e os requisitos a ter em conta, com base na deficiência visual apresentada e na forma de avaliar. Tais esforços favorecem a igualdade de oportunidades e a cooperação como seres sociais no ambiente educacional onde atuam.

The study is aimed at understanding to meet the inclusion needs of students with visual disability during the practice of futsal in Physical Education classes, to reduce their fear of sport, improve their self-esteem and raise awareness among the family and teaching staff in their radius of action and that they are accepted in each of their training sessions. The objective focuses on developing a methodology for teaching-learning of adapted futsal, for students with visual disability who, from an education inclusive guarantees a better quality of life; in this way, their performance is improved and their physical and mental well-being is promoted. During the research, documentary review, scientific observation and interviews were used as empirical methods, which allowed to gain in-depth knowledge of the background, current and prospective state of the problem, as well as to design the possible solution. The results obtained are oriented towards a transformation from the curricular adjustments of the psychological, social, communicative and physical needs of the students; thus, the methodology makes it clear how to work from the different contexts, the methodological recommendations and the requirements to take into account, based on the visual disability presented and the way of evaluating. Such efforts favor equality of opportunities and cooperation as social beings in the educational environment where he/she is developed.

Association between aerobic performance and physiological responses in Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2, and the futsal-specific intermittent endurance test in trained futsal players.

OBJECTIVES: This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to delineate associations between the performance and physiological responses to the Bruce test with two field tests, the futsal intermittent endurance test (FIET) and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level-2 (YYIR2) in elite male futsal players, in order to endorse one of field test to futsal coaches. METHODS: Fifteen elite futsal players (age 20 ± 3 years) have been participated in this study. Main outcome measurements included aerobic power, heart rate, blood lactate, ventilation, VO2, VCO2, VE-VO2, and VE-VCO2 indicators during FIET, YYIR2, and the Bruce test with carrying out a portable gas analyzer. RESULTS: The Bruce test is significantly correlated with FIET and YYIR2 with respect to key outcome measures, including performance (r>0.59), aerobic power (r>0.69), heart rate (r>0.80), and blood lactate levels (r>0.60). The two field tests, FIET and YYIR2, were found to exhibit strong to perfect interrelationships. When examining the indicators such as VE, VO2, VCO2, VE-VO2, and VE-VCO2, moderate to strong correlations were identified across all three testing methods. However, the relationship between the Bruce test and YYIR2 was particularly noteworthy in terms of respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and metabolic equivalent of task (METS), showing a significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The YYIR2 and FIET appear to be valid practical field tests for measuring aerobic fitness and performance in competitive male futsal players.

Exploring Injury Prevention Strategies for Futsal Players: A Systematic Review.

Futsal carries a high risk of injury for players. This systematic review aimed to assess the existing literature on injury prevention strategies for futsal players. The literature was searched using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to 20 March 2024. Relevant articles were searched using the terms "futsal" AND "injury" AND "prevention". Fourteen studies were included in the review. The review identified several injury prevention strategies with potential benefits for futsal players. Structured warm-up routines were shown to improve balance and eccentric strength and to reduce total, acute, and lower limb injuries. Proprioceptive training methods were suggested to improve joint stability and landing mechanics, which may reduce the risk of injury. Furthermore, multicomponent methods that include components such as core stability and flexibility have shown potential for reducing injury rates in futsal players. Finally, by reducing fatigue and improving movement control, strength training procedures designed to correct muscular imbalances may improve performance, which may ultimately minimize the risk of injury. This systematic review demonstrates the potential benefits of different injury prevention strategies for futsal players. The combination of several strategies, such as proprioceptive training, multicomponent programs, warm-up routines, and strength training specifically designed to address muscular imbalances, appears promising.

Effects of different strength and velocity training programs on physical performance in youth futsal players.

Futsal is a high intensity team sport with intermittent actions of short duration, so it is necessary to include different training strategies to improve explosive actions. There is a gap in the scientific literature regarding training programs that improve the performance of young futsal players. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different strength and velocity training programs on lower body physical performance in youth futsal players. Forty-two youth futsal players were divided into control group (CG, n = 14) and a strength intervention group (SG, n = 14), which included a weekly session for 8 weeks of eccentric strength training, plyometrics and core strengthening, and a velocity intervention group (VG, n = 14), which included a weekly session during 8 weeks of training with linear speed exercises and with change of direction, accelerations with resistance bands and core strengthening. SG significantly improved horizontal jump (HJ) (p:0.02), V-CUT (p:0.91) and change of direction deficit (CODD) (p:0.01). VG showed significant improvements in HJ (p:0.01), in 25 m sprint (p:0.01), in total repeated sprint ability time (p:0.01), in V-CUT (p:0.01) and in CODD (p:0.01). SG showed significant intergroup differences (p:0.01) in COD variables with respect to CG and VG. In conclusion, SG and VG showed significant improvements in lower body performance variables in youth futsal players. In addition, the SG has substantial changes in COD compared to the other two groups, so it has a greater effect.

Study of Body Composition and Motor Skills of Futsal Athletes of Different Competitive Levels.

This study aimed to verify whether there are differences in the body composition, functionality, lower-limb power, agility, and cardiorespiratory capacity in futsal players, comparing futsal athletes by competitive level. The athletes (N = 84) were divided into three groups: group Elite (N = 29), group Sub-Elite (N = 29), and group Non-Elite (N = 26). Anthropometric variables were analyzed through a bioimpedance scale (Inbody 270), and functionality was analyzed through a functional movement screen battery. The power of the lower limbs was tested with the Abalakov jump, the agility with the zigzag agility test, and the cardiorespiratory capacity through the futsal intermittent endurance test. Anthropometric data from futsal athletes revealed a homogeneity in relation to the variables analyzed, regardless of the level of competition in which they operate. In performance variables, the power of the members and functionality was considered a discriminating factor of the level of competitiveness of the athletes, with the Elite group athletes presenting the best values. We concluded that there were no differences in relation to the body composition of the athletes. However, the athletes of higher levels, as a rule, present better performances in physiological aspects, results that can be explained by the fact that there is a better periodization in terms of training, with more intense loads and more complex competitive calendars, thus resulting in a greater specialization of these athletes.

Changes in red blood cell parameters during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations.

Background: During physical exercise, the level of hematological parameters change depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and the individual's physical fitness. Research results, based on samples taken before and after exercise, suggest that hematological parameters increase during incremental exercise. However, there is no data confirming this beyond any doubt. This study examined how red blood cell (RBC) parameters change during the same standard physical exertion in athletes representing different physiological training profiles determined by sport discipline. Methods: The study included 39 highly trained male members of national teams: 13 futsal players, 12 sprinters, and 14 triathletes. We used multiple blood sampling to determine RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) before, during (every 3 min), and after (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) an incremental treadmill exercise test until exhaustion. Results: There were no significant exercise-induced differences in RBC parameters between athletic groups. No significant changes were recorded in RBC parameters during the low-intensity phase of exercise. RBC, Hb, and Hct increased significantly during incremental physical exercise, and rapidly returned to resting values upon test termination. Conclusions: The general pattern of exercise-induced changes in RBC parameters is universal regardless of the athlete's physiological profile. The changes in RBC parameters are proportional to the intensity of exercise during the progressive test. The increase in hemoglobin concentration associated with the intensity of exercise is most likely an adaptation to the greater demand of tissues, mainly skeletal muscles, for oxygen.

Descriptive analysis of injury types and incidence during futsal preseason across different competitive levels.

Introduction: This study aimed to verify the typology and incidence of injury by comparing the different competitive levels of futsal during the preseason. Methods: The sample consisted of 68 senior male futsal players (24.26 ± 4.63 years). Data were collected using an injury recording grid that examined the affected body part, anatomical region, type of injury, mechanism, and severity. Results: It was found that the elite group has the lowest incidence rate of injury (4.8 injuries per 1,000 h of exposure) compared to the sub-elite (11.8 injuries per 1,000 h of exposure) and amateur groups (13.9 injuries per 1,000 h of exposure). However, at this level, there is the highest percentage of injury occurrence (38.5%), the lower limb was the most affected part of the body (30.8%), and ligament (23.1%) and muscle (15.4%) injuries are the most prevalent. The most frequent mechanism of injury was non-traumatic (30.8%), and the majority were moderate injuries in the elite (23.1%) and sub-elite (17.9%) groups and severe injuries in the amateur group (12.5%). Discussion: The amateur futsal players had the highest incidence of injury during the preseason period compared to the other competitive levels. Still, it was at the elite level where the highest percentage of injuries occurred, most of them non-traumatic and of ligament origin, primarily affecting the ankle region. The results highlight the importance of adopting specific injury prevention programs for ligament and muscle injuries during the preseason phase, regardless of the competitive level.

Innovative integration: optimizing performance through warm-up and photobiomodulation in high-intensity test.

We investigated whether the application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) immediately after a standardized warm-up (WU + PBMT) or traditional PBMT (no pre-warming) would influence performance in intermittent testing and intensity variables. In a counterbalanced randomized crossover design, twelve female futsal players (mean age: 23.9 ± 3.8 years) attended four sessions. Each session involved either a standardized warm-up or maintaining seated rest for five minutes. Subsequently, PBMT or placebo (with the PBMT device turned off) was applied, followed by the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test (YYIR1) during which we assessed heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood lactate levels. The performance in YYIIR1 was superior (p = 0.02) in the WU + PBMT condition (440.0 ± 59.0 m) compared to the WU + Placebo (353.3 ± 94.7 m), and placebo alone (no warm-up) (325.0 ± 67.2 m). We conclude that a combination of a specific warm-up before PBMT application improves high-intensity intermittent performance in amateur female futsal players without affecting intensity variables.

The Impact of a Psychological Skills Training and Mindfulness-Based Intervention on the Mental Toughness, Competitive Anxiety, and Coping Skills of Futsal Players-A Longitudinal Convergent Mixed-Methods Design.

Despite the sport's popularity, there is a paucity in futsal psychological interventional research. This study analysed the impact of a ten-session psychological skills training and mindfulness-based intervention (PSTMI) on the mental toughness, competitive anxiety, and athletic coping skills of national league futsal players (n = 13). It also analysed whether these variables were predicted by playing experience. Pre-/post-intervention questionnaires were filled in and analysed (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28). Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with seven athletes; quantitative and qualitative data were integrated in a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Results revealed significant medium-to-large improvements in mental toughness, cognitive anxiety, and coping skills following the PSTMI. Years of playing experience positively and significantly predicted better self-confidence and coping skills. Thematic analysis generated five themes: (1) post-intervention enhancement in athletic performance and well-being; (2) the non-athletic commitments of futsal players; (3) diverse views on how to improve the intervention; (4) instilling social identity through sport psychology sessions; and (5) the impact of years of experience on skill learning. Results mirrored those from other sporting disciplines. The PSTMI was well-received and equipped athletes with beneficial psychological skills, stressing the need for more sport psychology resources in futsal.

The relationship between deliberate practice, play, and futsal in childhood and adolescence and the development of different decision-making skills in professional female soccer players.

Soccer players' ability to make efficient and quick decisions has gained more importance due to the increase in game speed in the last few years. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the engagement in previous developmental activities in soccer and futsal with the quality and speed of decision-making skills in different phases of sport development of elite female soccer players. The sample comprised 77 elite Brazilian professional female soccer players. Players' decision-making skills were assessed based on an objective video-based test - TacticUP®. We used a retrospective questionnaire to collect information about previous participation in different developmental activities. The results showed that engagement in deliberate practice in soccer and futsal, especially during childhood and early adolescence, is related to a better quality of offensive decision-making skills, although showing small to medium effect sizes. We highlight that deliberate practice in futsal is associated only with offensive decision-making skills with the ball and near the ball. In turn, engaging in deliberate play in soccer, mainly in childhood and early adolescence, is related to quicker offensive and defensive decision-making skills, showing mostly medium effect sizes. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first study to measure the relationship of decision-making speed with developmental activities in soccer. It is concluded that deliberate practice in soccer and deliberate play in soccer are associated with different dimensions of decision-making skills.

Comportamentos Antiesportivos e de Fair Play: Categorização dos Comportamentos dos Árbitros de Futsal / Unsportsmanlike Behaviors and Fair Play: Categorization of Futsal Referees' Behaviors

Os árbitros são agentes esportivos que contribuem para a promoção do fair play. Esse estudo tem por objetivo categorizar as classes de comportamentos que compõem a classe geral "manejar comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play em atletas de Futsal". Empregou-se como fonte de informação o Código de Ética da Confederação Brasileira de Futsal e o Livro Nacional de Regras do Futsal. O procedimento foi composto pelas seguintes etapas: selecionar e registrar trechos das obras; identificar, destacar e registrar nos trechos selecionados as partes que contenham componentes das classes de comportamento; derivar e registrar componentes das classes de comportamentos; avaliar a linguagem dos componentes identificados; nomear as classes de comportamento; avaliar a linguagem; organizar e categorizar as classes de comportamento. Os resultados apontaram um total de 132 classes de comportamento categorizadas em: dever do árbitro e proibido ao árbitro. Descrever as classes de comportamentos aumenta a probabilidade de desenvolver intervenções mais eficientes e efetivas que capacitem os árbitros a manejarem comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play nos jogos de futsal.

Referees are sports agents who contribute to the promotion of fair play. This study aims to categorize the classes of behaviors that make up the general class "Managing unsportsmanlike behavior and fair play in Futsal athletes". The Code of Ethics of the Brazilian Futsal Confederation and the National Futsal Norms Book were used as sources of information. The procedure consisted of the following steps: Select and record excerpts from the works; Identify, highlight and record in the selected sections the parts that contain components of the behavior classes; Derive and register components of behavior classes; Evaluate the language of the identified components; Naming the behavior classes; Assess language; Organize and Categorize Behavior Classes. The results showed a total of 132 behavior classes, which were categorized into: Referee's Duty and Referee's Prohibition. Describing behavior classes increases the likelihood of developing more efficient and effective interventions that allow referees to manage unsportsmanlike and fair play behavior in Futsal games.

Association of self-efficacy and mental toughness with sport performance in Brazilian futsal athletes.

Introduction: Self-efficacy is considered a component of mental toughness, but there are few studies investigating the relationship of sport self-efficacy with mental toughness in performance athletes, especially in team sports. Objective: The objective was to examine the impact of sport self-efficacy mediated by mental toughness on the sport performance of Brazilian futsal athletes. Methods: The sample was composed of five adult male teams participating in the National Futsal League 2020, totaling 77 athletes. As instruments, we used: athlete identification sheet, Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale in Sports (PSES), Mental Toughness Index (MTI) questionnaire and the performance data from the National Futsal League 2020 (NFL). The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney "U" test, Spearman's correlation, network analysis (LASSO), with the indicators of centrality: strength, proximity and degree of intermediation (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed that the investigated sample presented high levels of Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale in Sports (PSES) (Md = 4.66) and mental toughness (MT) (Md = 6.44). PSES presented a positive relationship with the number of wins, and negative relationships with the number of red cards and wrong passes (r = -0.08). MT indirectly influenced these variables through its connection with PSES (r = 0.30). The best ranked teams presented higher amounts of goals for, fouls, shots on goal, tackles, assists, and wins. The time of practice revealed an inverse relationship with the number of defeats, while age was positively related to the number of wrong passes (r = 0.09). The centrality indicators showed that the number of games stood out as the most central variable in the network, due to its degree of strength, proximity and intermediation. Moreover, the high degree of proximity and intermediation of the tackles made presented a connection with the number of assists (γ = 0.25; n = 77). Conclusion: We can conclude that sport self-efficacy and mental toughness are intervening factors in the sport performance of Brazilian futsal athletes.

Repeated mouth rinsing of coffee improves the specific-endurance performance and jump performance of young male futsal players.

BACKGROUND: Mouth-rinsing with ergogenic solutions such as carbohydrate and caffeinated drinks has been considered among athletes as a practical nutritional strategy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of repeated coffee mouth-rinsing (CMR) doses on specific performances of futsal players. METHOD: Twenty-four male futsal players randomly participated in this randomized, double-blind, and crossover design study. During the intervention, participants were randomly placed in four different conditions including 1. low-dose CMR (LDC, n = 6, ~60 mg caffeine); 2. high-dose CMR (HDC, n = 6, ~125 mg caffeine); 3. decaffeinated CMR (PLA, n = 6, ~10 mg caffeine); and 4. no CMR (CON, n = 6). Vertical jump height was measured at baseline, baseline after CMR (baseline-CMR), immediately after the intermittent futsal endurance test (FIET) (IA-FIET), 5 min after the FIET (5"A-FIET) and 10 min after the FIET (10"A-FIET). Perceived fatigue was also measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET. CMR was also performed at baseline, during FIET (Repeated between levels), and 10'A-FIET. The collected data were analyzed (with SPSS software) by one- and two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at P < 0.05 level. RESULTS: The findings of the present study illustrated that the perceived fatigue in IA-FIET increased significantly compared to the baseline which was accompanied by a significant decrease in 5"A-FIET and 10"A-FIET compared to IA-FIET (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between conditions in the baseline, IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET (P > 0.05). However, HDC and LDC rose significantly the distance covered in FIET compared to CON and PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, HDC increased the FIET performance more than LDC (P < 0.05). Although there was no difference between any of the conditions at baseline (P > 0.05), baseline-CMR increased significantly the vertical jump height (P < 0.05). At IA-FIET, vertical jump height decreased to baseline levels in CMR conditions but increased in 5"A-FIET, which remained constant until 10"A-FIET (P < 0.05). In addition, vertical jump height in HDC and LDC conditions was significantly higher than CON in IA-FIET, 5"A-FIET, and 10"A-FIET. CONCLUSION: This study showed that repeated CMR with low and high doses is a useful strategy to improve specific futsal performance. However, higher dose CMR appears to have more profound effects on performance improvement than lower doses.

Differences in Psychological Variables and the Performance of Female Futsal Players according to Playing Position, Match Result and Menstruation.

Futsal performance has been extensively investigated in previous studies, demonstrating that the psychological state of the players or the playing position condition performance. However, research with female indoor soccer players is scarce; therefore, menstruation has not been considered as a determinant aspect for performance in females. Previous research has shown the influence of menstruation on the psychological state and performance of players of different sports; however, there is no known research on female futsal players. For this reason, the aims of the present research were to establish the differences in pre-match psychological variables and offensive performance as a function of playing position, match result and menstruation. A total of 132 s division Spanish players participated in the research. All participants completed the Questionnaire of Psychological Needs of the Athlete-15, and their regular league matches were recorded and subsequently analyzed to determine their offensive performance. The results showed differences according to playing position: pivots and closers showed greater motivation than wings, while the pivots showed greater activation and shots on goal than the wings and closers. Regarding match results, pivots demonstrated more shots on goals than closers only when the match was lost. In addition, the motivation and activation of the pivots, as well as the number of shots on goal, were higher than that of the wings and closers only when they were not menstruating.

Influência do efeito da idade relativa no futsal masculino escolar de Mato Grosso: análise de acordo com a categoria / Influence of the relative age effect on male school futsal in Mato Grosso: a category-based analysis / Influencia del efecto de la edad relativa en el fútbol sala escolar masculino de Mato Grosso: análisis de acuerdo con la categoría

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a existência e a influência do Efeito da Idade Relativa (EIR) em estudantes-atletas de futsal masculino de Mato Grosso de acordo com a categoria etária. A amostra foi composta por 486 estudantes-atletas masculinos de futsal de Mato Grosso das categorias A (15 a 17 anos) e B (12 a 14 anos) que disputaram os Jogos Escolares Mato-grossenses e os Jogos Estudantis de Seleções Mato-Grossenses de 2021. Para análise, foram realizados testes qui-quadrado (χ2) de aderência. Os resultados mostraram a presença do EIR na análise geral e nas categorias A e B, com maior representação de atletas nascidos no primeiro trimestre do ano. Conclui-se que o EIR é um fenômeno presente em estudantes-atletas de futsal masculino do estado de Mato Grosso.

The objective of this study was to analyze the existence and influence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) in male Mato Grosso's futsal student-athletes according to age category. The sample consisted of 486 male futsal student-athletes from Mato Grosso, in categories A (15 to 17 years old) and B (12 to 14 years old) who competed in the 2021 Mato Grosso School Games and the Mato Grosso Student Selections Games. For analysis, chi-square (χ2) goodness of fit tests were performed. Results showed the presence of RAE in the overall analysis and in categories A and B, with a greater representation of athletes born in the first quarter of the year. It is concluded that RAE is a phenomenon present in male futsal student-athletes in the state of Mato Grosso.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la existencia e influencia del Efecto de la Edad Relativa (EER) en estudiantes-atletas de fútbol sala masculino de Mato Grosso de acuerdo con la categoría de edad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 486 estudiantes-atletas masculinos de fútbol sala de Mato Grosso de las categorías A (15 a 17 años) y B (12 a 14 años) que compitieron en los Juegos Escolares de Mato Grosso y los Juegos Estudiantiles de Selecciones de Mato-Grosso (Brasil) de 2021. Para el análisis, se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de ajuste chi-cuadrado (χ2). Los resultados mostraron la presencia del EER en el análisis general y en las categorías A y B, con una mayor representación de atletas nacidos en el primer trimestre del año. Se concluye que el EER es un fenómeno presente en estudiantes-atletas de fútbol sala masculino del estado de Mato Grosso.

Methods over Materials: The Need for Sport-Specific Equations to Accurately Predict Fat Mass Using Bioimpedance Analysis or Anthropometry.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry are considered alternatives to well-established reference techniques for assessing body composition. In team sports, the percentage of fat mass (FM%) is one of the most informative parameters, and a wide range of predictive equations allow for its estimation through both BIA and anthropometry. Although it is not clear which of these two techniques is more accurate for estimating FM%, the choice of the predictive equation could be a determining factor. The present study aimed to examine the validity of BIA and anthropometry in estimating FM% with different predictive equations, using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference, in a group of futsal players. A total of 67 high-level male futsal players (age 23.7 ± 5.4 years) underwent BIA, anthropometric measurements, and DXA scanning. Four generalized, four athletic, and two sport-specific predictive equations were used for estimating FM% from raw bioelectric and anthropometric parameters. DXA-derived FM% was used as a reference. BIA-based generalized equations overestimated FM% (ranging from 1.13 to 2.69%, p < 0.05), whereas anthropometry-based generalized equations underestimated FM% in the futsal players (ranging from −1.72 to −2.04%, p < 0.05). Compared to DXA, no mean bias (p > 0.05) was observed using the athletic and sport-specific equations. Sport-specific equations allowed for more accurate and precise FM% estimations than did athletic predictive equations, with no trend (ranging from r = −0.217 to 0.235, p > 0.05). Regardless of the instrument, the choice of the equation determines the validity in FM% prediction. In conclusion, BIA and anthropometry can be used interchangeably, allowing for valid FM% estimations, provided that athletic and sport-specific equations are applied.

Effects of the FIFA 11+ program on performance, biomechanical measures, and physiological responses: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The side effects of the FIFA 11+ program on performance have not been generally reviewed. The objective of this study was to synthesize the literature on the effects of the 11+ on players' performance. METHODS: Five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar) were searched (from April 2006 to March 2022) using predefined keywords and sub-keywords. The potential references were primarily recorded through Endnote and imported to Covidence. Out of the 123 references screened by 2 blinded researchers through the software, 59 full texts were assessed for eligibility, 33 of which were ultimately included. The quality of the studies and the risk of bias were then assessed. Study ID, title, place, aim, design, start/end dates, population description, study criteria, statistical analysis, and outcomes were extracted. RESULTS: Studies were conducted on male and female players aged 10-32 years old. The quality of the studies was moderate to high, and except for unclear bias for blinding outcome assessment, the risk of bias for all domains was low. Long-term application of the 11+ improved most biomechanical measures and physiological responses except for lower extremity stability, ankle evertors time latency, ankle dorsiflexion, and proprioception. Conversely, the 11+ showed acute negative effects on physical performance compared to dynamic warm-ups and non-significant effects on technical abilities. CONCLUSION: Mid-to-long-term implementation of the 11+ improved the majority of biomechanical and a couple of physical measures but showed no effects on technical skills. Precaution must be observed for using the 11+ before competitions, as it could acutely decrease physical/technical performance. Given the contradictory nature of the literature, further studies should evaluate the short-to-mid-term effects of the 11+. Further studies are required to address ankle responses to the 11+ intervention.

"Não torço pra nenhum time, não sei as regras e se me convidam pra jogar eu não jogo": a relação das meninas menos habilidosas com o conteúdo futebol/futsal nas aulas de Educação Física / "I don't support any team, I don't know the rules and, if they invite me to play, I don't play... ": The relationship of less skilled with the football/futsal content in Physical Education classes / "No apoyo a ningún equipo, desconozco las reglas y si me invitan a jugar no juego... ": La relación de las menos hábil con los contenidos de fútbol/fútbol sala en las clases de Educación Física

Os futebóis ainda não se constituem como uma prática integrante na dinâmica de vida de muitas mulheres no Brasil. Para buscar entender as relações e os motivos que as fazem não vivenciar estas determinadas modalidades, este artigo aborda as experiências de mulheres menos habilidosas com as aulas de futebol/futsal na Educação Física escolar. A partir do aporte teórico/metodológico da História Oral foram realizadas dezoito entrevistas com mulheres adultas que tiveram contato com a modalidade na escola, mas que hoje não possuem ligação com estes esportes. Através dos relatos, conclui-se que o desinteresse pelo futebol/futsal por parte das meninas menos habilidosas e a resistência dos meninos em jogar com as meninas, são resultado de tecnologias de gênero que constituem não só os alunos e alunas, mas também os professores/as que acabam sendo agentes que contribuem para as normas sociais de gênero estabelecidas.

Football is not yet an integral practice in the life dynamics of many women in Brazil. In order to seek to understand the relationships and the reasons that make them not experience these certain modalities, this article addresses the experiences of less skilled women with soccer/futsal classes in school Physical Education. From the theoretical/methodological contribution of Oral History, eighteen interviews were carried out with adult women who had contact with the modality at school, but who today have no connection with these sports. Through the reports, it is concluded that the lack of interest in soccer/futsal on the part of the less skilled girls and the resistance of the boys to play with the girls, are the result of gender technologies that constitute not only the students, but also the teachers. who end up being agents that contribute to established social gender norms.

El fútbol aún no es una práctica integral en la dinámica de vida de muchas mujeres en Brasil. Con el fin de buscar comprender las relaciones y las razones que hacen que no experimenten estas determinadas modalidades, este artículo aborda las experiencias de mujeres menos hábiles con las clases de fútbol/fútsal en la Educación Física. A partir del aporte teórico/metodológico de la Historia Oral, se realizaron dieciocho entrevistas a mujeres adultas que tuvieron contacto con la modalidad en la escuela, pero que hoy no tienen vinculación con estos deportes. A través de los informes se concluye que el desinterés por el fútbol/fútbol sala por parte de las niñas menos habilidosas y la resistencia de los niños a jugar con las niñas, son resultado de tecnologías de género que constituyen no solo a los estudiantes, sino también los docentes, quienes terminan siendo agentes que contribuyen a las normas sociales de género establecidas.

Treinadores de futsal brasileiros de elite: aspectos influenciadores da escolha da profissão e da construção da competência profissional / Brazilian elite futsal coaches: influencering aspects in the choice of profession and the construction of professional competence / Entrenadores de fútbol sala de élite brasileño: aspectos que influyen en la elección de la profesión y la construcción de la competencia profesional

Resumo A relevância do futsal brasileiro no cenário mundial é reconhecida pela sua prática massiva e conquistas internacionais. Neste contexto, compreender aspectos envoltos de uma função relevante, a de treinador, torna-se fundamental. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as percepções de treinadores brasileiros de elite sobre os aspectos influenciadores na escolha da profissão e os conhecimentos fundamentais necessários à competência profissional. Realizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade com 10 treinadores de elite. Os resultados sugerem que a influência familiar, a exposição prolongada à prática, à escola e aos seus treinadores enquanto atletas foram fundamentais nas suas trajetórias. O conhecimento específico do futsal, a leitura de jogo e a tomada de decisão parecem ser relevantes para a competência na função. Por fim, a relação aberta, de troca e cobrança com os atletas demonstram ser essenciais no contexto prático e a busca pelo desenvolvimento dos atletas é realizada de maneira global.

Abstract The growing worldwide significance of Brazilian futsal is recognized due to its extensive practice and international achievements. In this context, it becomes essential to further explore the critical aspects associated with the coaching role. The aim of this study was to investigate elite Brazilian coaches' perceptions regarding the factors influencing their decision to pursue this profession and the fundamental aspects related to coaches' professional competence. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 elite coaches. The results suggest that family influence, prolonged exposure to practice, the school, and their coaches were fundamental in shaping the coaches' professional trajectories. Specific futsal knowledge, game reading, and decision making seem to be relevant for competence in the role. Finally, an open, reciprocal, and accountable relationship with athletes is considered essential in the practical context, as well as the pursuit of significantly contributing to athlete development as an integral part of the coaching role.

Resumen La importancia del fútbol sala brasileño es mundialmente reconocida por su práctica masiva y logros internacionales. En este contexto, es fundamental profundizar en la comprensión de los aspectos críticos involucrados en el rol del entrenador. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las percepciones de entrenadores de élite brasileños sobre los aspectos que influyen en la elección de la profesión y los conocimientos fundamentales necesarios para la competencia profesional. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 10 entrenadores de élite. Los resultados sugieren que la influencia familiar, la exposición prolongada a la práctica, la escuela y sus entrenadores como atletas fueron fundamentales en sus trayectorias. El conocimiento específico del fútbol sala, la lectura de juegos y la toma de decisiones parecen ser relevantes para la competencia en el rol. Finalmente, la relación abierta, de intercambio y de rendición de cuentas con los atletas resultan esenciales en la práctica y que la búsqueda del desarrollo de los atletas se realice de manera global.

A percepção de professores de futsal escolar extracurricular acerca de sua prática pedagógica na participação das equipes em competições e eventos / The perception of extracurricular school futsal teachers about their pedagogical practice in teams participation in competitions and events / La percepción de los profesores de fútsal escolar extracurricular sobre su práctica pedagógica en la participación de equipos en competiciones y eventos

Resumo O foco de investigação deste artigo está no contexto extracurricular de aulas de futsal em escolas particulares de Porto Alegre. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos professores da modalidade sobre a sua prática pedagógica em situação de participação de equipes escolares em competições. As atividades de cunho competitivo se mostram presentes nas escolas e impactam no aprendizado dos alunos e alunas. Os sete professores participantes da pesquisa foram entrevistados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas, gravadas e transcritas, foram analisadas por meio da análise temática. Na prática pedagógica, a utilização de competições esportivas entre escolas parece ser central. As percepções dos professores entrevistados indicam as competições como algo que está presente e intimamente ligado à razão de existir da atividade; muitas vezes, acabam sendo utilizadas como um fim e não como um meio de aprendizado pedagogicamente estruturado.

Abstract The investigation focus of this paper is the extracurricular context of futsal classes in private schools in Porto Alegre. The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of the modality's coaches about their pedagogical practice in the context of participation of school teams in competitions. Competitive activities are present in schools and have an impact on male and female students' learning. The seven teachers participating in the research were interviewed through a semi-structured interview. The interviews, recorded and transcribed, were analyzed using thematic analysis. In pedagogical practice, the use of sports competitions between schools seems to be central. The perceptions of the interviewed teachers indicate competitions as something that is present and closely linked to the activity's reason for existing, often ending up being used as an end and not as a pedagogically structured means of learning.

Resumen El foco de investigación de este artículo está en el contexto extracurricular de las clases de Futsal en escuelas privadas de Porto Alegre. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la percepción de los profesores de la modalidad sobre su práctica pedagógica en situación de participación de equipos escolares en competencias. Las actividades competitivas están presentes en las escuelas y repercuten en el aprendizaje de los alumnos y alumnas. Los siete docentes participantes en la investigación fueron entrevistados a través de una entrevista semiestructurada. Las entrevistas, grabadas y transcritas, fueron analizadas mediante análisis temático. En la práctica pedagógica, el uso de competencias deportivas entre escuelas parece ser central. Las percepciones de los docentes entrevistados señalan a las competencias como algo presente y estrechamente ligado a la razón de ser de la actividad, muchas veces termina siendo utilizado como un fin y no como un medio pedagógicamente estructurado de aprendizaje.