F-Chin/Feminizing the Chin: A Genioplasty Technique with Virtual Planning for Male-to-Female Transgender Patients.

The chin is an essential structure in facial harmony and an important gender marker. Advancing a receding chin is fundamental to improve the facial appearance, particularly in male-to-female transgender patients. However, in patients with microgenia and/or retrognathia, desiring a more feminine appearance, a chin advancement can result in a wider, square shape; an undesirable effect. Genioplasty is a versatile procedure used in facial feminization surgery that allows modifying the natural anatomy of the chin in all three spatial dimensions. The technique herein described proposes a simple genioplasty procedure for feminizing the chin (F-chin genioplasty) in transgender patients where anteroposterior advance is required. Virtual planning was used to establish the landmarks for an anteroposterior advancement with transverse reduction in the chin. A perpendicular line to the Frankfurt plane passing through the incisal edge of the upper central incisor was used to plan the anteroposterior movement, and two vertical lines on the outer wall of the nasal cavity  for the chin transverse measurement. The authors present three case reports with the F-chin genioplasty transgender technique with satisfactory results, ensuring a more feminine facial appearance.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Accuracy of the CAD/CAM technique compared with the conventional technique used for stand-alone genioplasty.

The benefit of the computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique for stand-alone genioplasty remains uncertain and was evaluated in this study. Patients who underwent a conventional genioplasty (n = 20) or genioplasty with the CAD/CAM technique (n = 20), and for whom cephalometry and photogrammetry were performed before and 6 months after surgery, were included. Deviations from predictions of the soft tissue pogonion (Pg'), lip inferior point to aesthetic line (Li-Esth), facial convexity angle (FCA), mentolabial angle (MLA), and ratios of soft to hard tissue movements were calculated. No significant deviation was observed for Pg' in either the conventional group (3.85 ± 4.36 mm; 1.91 ± 1.11 mm) or CAD/CAM group (1.28 ± 1.16 mm; 2.81 ± 3.08 mm), for horizontal and vertical movements, respectively. However, for forward movement, deviation from the prediction of Pg´ in the CAD/CAM group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (P = 0.015). Deviations of Li-Esth, MLA, and FCA did not differ significantly between the groups. No definite preference for the CAD/CAM technique could be established, because deviations from predictions were not significant in either of the technique groups and lay within the clinically acceptable range.

Genioplasty and Hyoid Advancement by Distraction Osteogenesis for the Correction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Pediatric Patient.

Advancement genioplasty is one variation of genioglossus advancement (GA) and GA is a surgical intervention that can be applied for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) caused by hypopharyngeal collapse. The genioglossus muscle originates from the posterior surface of the midline mandible and inserts into the entire tongue mass and the body of the hyoid bone. Placing horizontal tension on the genioglossus muscle enlarges the posterior airway space. We use a modified GA that applies distraction osteogenesis to increase forward movement of the genioglossus muscle and also connects the bone transport segment to the hyoid bone with a thread to maximize the anterior movement of the hyoid bone. We used this technique on a young patient and obtained good results.

Validation of a fully automatic three-dimensional assessment of orthognathic surgery.

The aim of the present study was to propose and validate FAST3D: a fully automatic three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the surgical accuracy and the long-term skeletal stability of orthognathic surgery. To validate FAST3D, the agreement between FAST3D and a validated state-of-the-art semi-automatic method was calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) at a 95 % confidence interval. A one-sided hypothesis test was performed to evaluate whether the absolute discrepancy between the measurements produced by the two methods was statistically significantly below a clinically relevant error margin of 0.5 mm. Ten subjects (six male, four female; mean age 24.4 years), class II and III, who underwent a combined three-piece Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and genioplasty, were included in the validation study. The agreement between the two methods was excellent for all measurements, ICC range (0.85-1.00), and fair for the rotational stability of the chin, ICC = 0.54. The absolute discrepancy for all measurements was statistically significantly lower than the clinical relevant error margin (p < 0.008). Within the limitations of the present validation study, FAST3D demonstrated to be reliable and may be adopted whenever appropriate in order to reduce the work load of the medical staff.

Esthetic Surgery of the Chin in Cis- and Transgender Patients-Application of T-Genioplasty vs. Single-Piece Segment Lateralization.

Background and Objectives: Correction of lower face asymmetry still remains challenging in maxillofacial surgery. This report describes techniques for the lateral transposition of the symphyseal segment to restore lower face symmetry while maintaining gender-related features in cis- and transgender patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of 31 patients who attended for esthetic corrective surgery after orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic treatment, or during facial feminization of the lower face between June 2021 and June 2023 was performed. Result: All patients underwent lateralization genioplasty (with or without advancement or setback), either with or without narrowing T-osteotomy supplemented with necessary procedures in order to obtain proper facial balance and desired esthetical effects, such as bichectomy, liposuction, and face and neck lift. The mean asymmetry of the chin was 5.15 mm and was surgically corrected either by single segment lateralization or T-shape narrowing genioplasty depending on the gender and esthetical requirements. No complications were reported. Conclusions: Lateral shift genioplasty serves as a powerful tool in primary and secondary corrective surgery for lower face asymmetry that maintains gender-specific facial features. It may serve either as an additive to orthodontic camouflage or a way to correct previous orthognathic surgery pitfalls. The surgeon performing esthetic genioplasty associated with gender-specific expectations must be trained in facelift and facial liposculpting techniques in order to provide the best results and properly choose the right procedures for the right patients.

Gender-Affirming Facial Surgery: Lower Third of the Face.

This article is intended to give the reader an overview of facial gender-affirming procedures applicable to the lower face and neck. A review of facial analysis in the context of masculine versus feminine facial features and the contributions of both soft tissue and bone to this anatomy is provided. The use of systematic facial evaluation and patient-driven concerns as a guide for presurgical planning is reviewed. Detailed descriptions of the unique surgical interventions to feminize the soft tissues and the skeletal framework of the lower face and neck are provided.

What is the angular accuracy of regional voxel-based registration for segmental Le Fort I and genioplasty osteotomies?

Among the accuracy analysis techniques for orthognathic surgery, regional voxel-based registration (R-VBR) has robust data, but remains unvalidated for smaller jaw segments. The purpose of this study was to validate the angular accuracy of R-VBR for segmental Le Fort I (SLFI) and genioplasty osteotomies. Postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of consecutive patients with three-piece SLFI or genioplasties was rotated to a known pitch/roll/yaw (P/R/Y). Using R-VBR, a copy of the raw CBCT was superimposed onto the rotated CBCT at four mutual regions of interest (ROI): anterior, right posterior, and left posterior maxilla, and chin. The P/R/Y of each was subtracted from those of the rotated CBCT to calculate the angular error. The predictor and outcome variables were ROI and absolute angular error, respectively. The accuracy threshold was 0.5°. Ten SLFI and 34 genioplasties were analyzed based on the sample size calculation. The one-sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were applied in the analysis. The mean absolute error was 0.20-0.54° for the maxillary segments (all P ≤ 0.01) and 0.83-2.51° for the genioplasty segments (all P < 0.001). R-VBR has variable angular accuracy for SLFI osteotomies and may be insufficient for genioplasty. The findings may allow the design and interpretation of studies on SLFI and genioplasty with greater rigor, thereby contributing to minimizing the discrepancy between planned and achieved outcomes.

Osseous genioplasty versus chin implants: early complications and patient satisfaction.

Osseous genioplasty and chin augmentation with implants are the two main treatment options for retrognathia. This retrospective cohort study was performed to compare the prevalence of complications and patient satisfaction following osseous genioplasty and chin augmentation by implant. Eighty patients were included: 38 underwent advancement osseous genioplasty and 42 received chin implants (alloplastic, either Medpor or Silastic) intraorally or extraorally. The patients were assessed for complications 12 months after surgery, including neurosensory disturbances, infection or extrusion, wound dehiscence, and the need for reoperation. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a visual analogue scale. The infection rate was significantly higher in the chin implant group than in the genioplasty group (P = 0.028). Moreover, dehiscence and the need for reoperation appeared to be more common following chin augmentation with implants. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of neurosensory disturbances between the two groups (P = 0.137). In the chin implants group, the extraoral approach resulted in a lower dehiscence rate than the intraoral approach. Patients in the genioplasty group had significantly higher satisfaction scores than those in the chin implant group (P = 0.001). Overall, the rates of the complications assessed were lower and patient satisfaction was higher after osseous genioplasty when compared to chin augmentation with implants.

Chin Dysmorphology in the Primary Rhinoplasty Population: Prevalence, Objective Analysis, and Implications.

BACKGROUND: Chin flaws are far more common than recognized. Denial of genioplasty by parents or adult patients can present a surgical planning enigma, especially in patients with microgenia and chin deviation. This study aims to investigate the frequency of chin imperfections on patients seeking rhinoplasty, review the conundrum they generate, and offer management suggestions based on over 40 years of the senior author's experience. METHODS: This review included 108 consecutive patients presenting for primary rhinoplasty. Demographics, soft tissue cephalometrics, and surgical details were obtained. Exclusion criteria included prior orthognathic or isolated chin surgery, mandiblular trauma, or congenital craniofacial deformities. RESULTS: Of the 108 patients, 92 (85.2%) were female. Mean age was 30.8 years (SD±13, range 14-72). Ninety-seven (89.8%) patients exhibited some degree of objective chin dysmorphology. Fifteen (13.9%) had Class I deformities (macrogenia), 63 (58.3%) Class II (microgenia), and 14 (12.9%) Class III (combined macro and microgenia in the horizontal or vertical vectors). Forty-one (38%) patients had Class IV deformities (asymmetry). While all patients were offered the opportunity to correct chin flaws, only 11 (10.1%) underwent such procedures. Five (4.6%) patients had simultaneous osseous genioplasty (mean advancement 7.8mm, range 5-9mm); 7 (6.5%) received fat grafting to the chin (mean volume 4.4cc, range 1-9cc). CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of primary rhinoplasty patients possess quantifiable chin dysmorphology on circumspect examination, high-resolution photographs and cephalometric analysis. Only a small number agree to surgical interventions that pursue full facial harmony. Potential reasons for these findings, patient aversion, and mitigation strategies will be discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Tetris Genioplasty: A New Paradigm for Chin Asymmetries Correction.

The chin plays a crucial role as a fundamental structural component that contributes to the overall aesthetics and harmony of the face. Recognizing its central position, medical science has seen the evolution of numerous surgical techniques over the years, all aimed at correcting the range of structural irregularities that can affect the chin. In this contribution, the authors introduce an innovative osteotomy technique, aimed at cases of chin asymmetry in which the skeletal median diverges from the dental median. This technique, called "Tetris genioplasty", involves performing the classic rectangular osteotomy, but includes an additional vertical osteotomy in order to obtain two distinct segments. Finally, these segments are translocated and repositioned to obtain a realignment between the skeletal median and the dental median. The results were entirely satisfactory for the patients, aligning perfectly with the expected appearance after the operation. Furthermore, no complications were reported, proving the success and safety of the procedure. The Tetris genioplasty aligns itself with this progressive trend by offering a minimally invasive method that nevertheless is able to achieve excellent results with a high impact on the patient's quality of life, presenting a promising path in the pursuit of optimal aesthetic results with minimized patient morbidity and greater overall safety.

Enhanced Precision in Genioplasty: A Novel Intraoperative Spatial Repositioning Using Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Technology and a Holographic Mixed Reality Application.

Genioplasty is performed for the orthognathic surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. This article reports a safe and accurate method for genioplasty combining a novel three-dimensional (3D) device with mixed reality (MR)-assisted surgery using a registration marker and a head-mounted display. Four types of devices were designed based on the virtual operation: a surgical splint with a connector; an osteotomy device; a repositioning device; and a registration marker. Microsoft HoloLens 2 and Holoeyes MD were used to project holograms created using computed tomography (CT) data onto the surgical field to improve the accuracy of the computer-aided designed and manufactured (CAD/CAM) surgical guides. After making an incision on the oral vestibule, the splint was fitted on the teeth and the osteotomy device was mounted at the junction site, placed directly on the exposed mandible bone surface. Temporary screws were fixed into the screw hole. An ultrasonic cutting instrument was used for the osteotomy. After separating the bone, a repositioning device was connected to the splint junction and bone segment, and repositioning was performed. At the time of repositioning, the registration marker was connected to the splint junction, and mandible repositioning was confirmed three-dimensionally through HoloLens 2 into the position specified in the virtual surgery. The rate of overlay error between the preoperative virtual operation and one-month postoperative CT data within 2 mm was 100%. CAD/CAM combined with MR enabled accurate genioplasty.

Guided Genioplasty: Comparison between Conventional Technique and Customized Guided Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Genioplasty as an isolated surgical technique is a highly demanded procedure in the maxillofacial surgery area. Advances in facial reconstructive surgery have been associated with less morbidity and more predictable results. In this paper, "conventional" genioplasty and genioplasty by means of virtual surgical planning (VSP), CAD-CAM cutting guides, and patient custom-made plates are compared. METHODS: A descriptive observational study was designed and implemented, and 43 patients were treated, differentiating two groups according to the technique: 18 patients were treated by conventional surgery, and 25 patients were treated through virtual surgical planning (VSP), CAD-CAM cutting guides, STL models, and titanium patient-specific plates. RESULTS: The operation time ranged from 35 to 107 min. The mean operative time in the conventional group was 60.06 + 3.74 min.; in the custom treatment group it was 42.24 + 1.29 min (p < 0.001). The difference between planned and obtained chin changes in cases of advancement or retrusion was not statistically significant (p = 0.125; p = 0.216). In cases of chin rotation due to asymmetry, guided and personalized surgery was superior to conventional surgery (p < 0.01). The mean hospital stay was equal in both groups. A decrease in surgical complications was observed in the group undergoing VSP and customized treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-stage implementation of VSP with CAD-CAM cutting guides, STL models, and patient-specific plates increased the accuracy of the genioplasty surgery, particularly in cases of chin asymmetry, reducing operation time and potential complications.

Setback genioplasty with rotation for aesthetic mentolabial soft tissue: a case report.

The mentum plays an important role in the aesthetics of the face, and genioplasty is performed to improve an unbalance of the mentum. Among the various surgical approaches, setback genioplasty is used to create an aesthetic jaw-end appearance by moving the mentum backward when it protrudes more than normal. However, conventional setback genioplasty may be aesthetically disadvantageous because the profile of the mentum could become flat. This case study attempted to overcome the limitations of conventional setback genioplasty by rotating the position of the menton and pogonion. We devised a new method for setback genioplasty by rotating the segment anteroinferiorly. Using virtual surgery, we were able to specify the range of surgery more accurately and easily, and the surgery time was reduced. This case report showed the difference in chin soft tissue responses between conventional setback genioplasty and setback genioplasty with rotation.

[Surgical treatment of a patient with mandibular micrognathia accompanied by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using extended genioplasty]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie patsienta s mikrognatiei nizhnei chelyusti i sindromom obstruktivnogo apnoe vo sne metodom rasshirennoi genioplastiki.

A method for diagnosing, planning and surgical treatment of patients with micrognathia of the mandible with physiological occlusion is proposed, which makes it possible to objectively assess the severity of the anomaly and concomitant functional disorders of external respiration in the nasopharynx and oropharynx, as well as to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and develop an optimal surgical treatment plan with high functional and aesthetic results.

Stability of box genioplasty: a retrospective study.

In box genioplasty it is possible to advance, retrude, impact, and elongate, as well as to correct asymmetry. The aim of this study was to analyse the stability of box genioplasty as part of orthognathic correction. Twenty-five consecutive patients who had gone through the multidisciplinary pathway were selected. Menton and pogonion positions on radiographs taken just prior to surgery, and actual surgical movement on three-week and 12-month postoperative cephalograms, were compared. A one-sample Wilcoxon test was applied to assess whether the distributional change in advancement and vertical measurements was equal to zero. After treatment, anteroposterior changes in pogonion and vertical changes in menton were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Our study demonstrated statistically significant stability of menton and pogonion positions after box genioplasty when surgical movement was only in the symphysis.

Surgical ciliated cysts of the mandible: A systematic review of case reports.

BACKGROUND: Surgical ciliated cysts occur mainly in the maxillae after radical maxillary sinus surgery; they rarely develop in the mandible. This study aims to gather information on all the characteristics of patients suffering from mandibular surgical ciliated cysts. This article also reports two new cases. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were explored until 13 December 2022 for articles regarding mandibular surgical ciliated cysts. Maxillary ciliated cysts were excluded. RESULTS: Fourteen original articles were included in a total of 16 cases. Maxillofacial surgeries are the first aetiology (94.4%). Surgical ciliated cysts of the mandibular region show a 1.25:1 male-to-female ratio with a protracted time to diagnosis (range: 2-56 years). Most patients are symptomatic (77.8%). Typically, radiology shows a radiolucency lesion (88.9%) and histology describes pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Enucleation has always been described as the treatment. DISCUSSION: All results were case reports, thus a low level of evidence studies. Mandibular surgical ciliated cysts should be considered in patients presenting a mandibular swelling or radiolucency lesion with a maxillofacial surgery history. Meticulous surgical techniques can aid in the prevention of this lesion.

Plication of the Suprahyoid Muscles Concomitant with Genioplasty to Improve the Aesthetics of the Submandibular Region / Plicatura de los Músculos Suprahioideos Concomitante con Genioplastia para Mejorar la Estética de la Región Submandibular

In addition to functionally correcting skeletal facial deformities, orthognathic surgery also has a great impact on aesthetics and facial proportions. However, patients who have soft tissue changes, such as tissue flaccidity, may not achieve an ideal result, and require complementary surgical techniques that promote aesthetic refinement. The literature on less invasive techniques is limited, and therefore, this work aims to report a surgical technique performed concomitantly with genioplasty to refine the harmony of the submandibular region, in a simple and effective way. Patient with skeletal class II deformity, with lack of mandibular definition and submandibular flaccidity, underwent bimaxillary advancement orthognathic surgery with advancement genioplasty to correct chin retrusion. Due to limited results with bone repositioning alone, plication of the suprahyoid musculature was performed in association with the same approach used in the genioplasty. As a result, there was traction in the cervical region, with a consequent decrease in the submental-cervical angle and improvement in submandibular aesthetics. Furthermore, there was no need for extensive surgical intervention and no impairment of the functional results of the orthognathic surgery itself. Therefore, it can be concluded that plication of the suprahyoid musculat ure concomitantly with genioplasty is a technique that promotes aesthetic gains in the cervical region.

Además de corregir funcionalmente las deformidades faciales esqueléticas, la cirugía ortognática también tiene un gran impacto en la estética y las proporciones faciales. Sin embargo, los pacientes que tienen cambios en los tejidos blandos, como la flacidez, pueden no lograr un resultado ideal y requieren técnicas quirúrgicas complementarias que promuevan el refinamiento estético. La literatura sobre técnicas menos invasivas es limitada, por lo que este trabajo tiene como objetivo reportar una técnica quirúrgica realizada concomitantemente con la genioplastia para refinar la armonía de la región submandibular, de manera simple y efectiva. Se trató a un paciente con deformidad esquelética clase II, con falta de definición mandibular y flacidez submandibular, intervenida de cirugía ortognática de avance bimaxilar con genioplastia de avance para corregir la retrusión del mentón. Debido a los resultados limitados solo con el reposicionamiento óseo, se realizó la plicatura de la musculatura suprahioidea en asociación con el mismo abordaje utilizado en la genioplastia. Como resultado, hubo tracción en la región cervical, con la consiguiente disminución del ángulo submentoniano-cervical y mejoría en la estética submandibular. Además, no hubo necesidad de una intervención quirúrgica extensa ni deterioro de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía ortognática en sí. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que la plicatura de la musculatura suprahioidea concomitantemente con la genioplastia es una técnica que promueve ganancias estéticas en la región cervical.

Does leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin enhance neurosensory recovery after genioplasty? A double-blind, split-mouth, randomised clinical trial.

Neurosensory disturbances (NSD) are common after genioplasty. In this study we aimed to assess the recovery of NSDs with or without leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) following genioplasty. In this double-blind, split-mouth, randomised clinical trial, L-PRF was applied around the mental nerve at the osteotomy site in genioplasty (treatment side). The contralateral side was considered the control side. Two-point discrimination (TPD) test, brush test, and self-reported NSDs (SR-NSD) were used to determine NSD at one, four, and 12 months after genioplasty. Twenty patients were studied. At one and four months after osteotomy, the mean scores of TPD and SR-NSDs were significantly different between the treatment and control sides (p = 0.04, p = 0.01, respectively). The mean of TPD and SR-NSDs was not statistically different on both sides 12 months after operation (p = 0.05, p = 0.71, respectively). The application of L-PRF may enhance the speed of NSD recovery four months after genioplasty.

Hard and Soft Tissue Relapse After Different Genioplasty Procedures: A Scoping Review.

The chin is a crucial component of facial aesthetics, and 20% of craniofacial problems require repair of the chin size, shape, and position. Genioplasty is used to treat irregularities in all three planes of the chin. Specific hard and soft tissue relapses following various genioplasty techniques have not been adequately studied in the literature to date. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the stability of hard and soft tissue changes achieved by different genioplasty procedures, six months after the procedure. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wiley Online, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases from January 1, 2011 to October 31, 2022. Prospective and retrospective cohorts, case-control studies, observational studies, and randomized control trials, with at least 10 patients, which were written in English and evaluated the stability of different genioplasty procedures, with a follow-up period of at least six months were included. The manual and electronic search yielded 523 articles, and after complete screening, seven articles were selected (five with advancement genioplasty and two with reduction genioplasty) that met the eligibility criteria for review. The patients undergoing reduction genioplasty had a mean age of 24.15 years, compared to 20.5 years for augmentation genioplasty. The average follow-up period was 18.64 months for augmentation genioplasty and 10.5 months for reduction genioplasty technique. The relapse was assessed at pogonion, and it was noted that the average surgical advancement at hard tissue pogonion was 7.04 mm with a relapse of 0.69 mm after six months post-treatment. The average vertical movement of the hard tissue pogonion was 1.8 mm with a relapse of 0.74 mm. The average reduction at hard tissue pogonion was 3.2 mm in the vertical direction with a relapse of 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm reduction in soft tissue pogonion with a relapse of 0.3 mm. The soft to hard tissue ratio mentioned in the different studies ranged from 0.89 to 0.97. Both reduction and augmentation genioplasty are stable and reliable for altering the chin position for aesthetic purposes. The recommended mode of fixation is rigid fixation.

Bone healing and stability after advancement genioplasty using a pre-bent absorbable plate and screws.

This study aimed to compare the bone healing and stability of the chin with a pre-bent absorbable plate and a manually bent absorbable plate after advancement genioplasty. Patients with class II malocclusion who underwent genioplasty with bimaxillary surgery were included. After genioplasty, two absorbable bicortical screws were fixed on both sides. Then, a pre-bent absorbable plate and screws were used in the center area to fix the segment in advancement genioplasty (PB group). A manually bent absorbable plate was used for the remaining patients (MB group). Computed tomography (CT) was performed before surgery and 1 week and 1 year after surgery. Changes in the pogonion (Pog) and menton (Me) points, soft tissue points, and the ratio of bone squares under the plate were evaluated using lateral cephalometric images reconstructed with 3-dimensional CT data. 32 patients were included in the study. There were no significant differences in the cephalometric measurements in the time interval from 1 week to 1 year. However, the bone square ratio in the PB group showed a significant increase after 1 year (P = 0.0021). Within the limitations of the study it seems that the use of a pre-bent absorbable plate is effective in promoting bone healing after advancement genioplasty.