RESUMO
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a spatiotemporally controllable, powerful approach in combating cancers but suffers from low activity under hypoxia, whereas photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) operates in an O2 -independent manner but compromises the ability to harness O2 for potent photosensitization. Herein we report that cyclometalated gold(III)-alkyne complexes display a PDT-to-PACT evolving photoactivity for efficient cancer treatment. On the one hand, the gold(III) complexes can act as dual photosensitizers and substrates, leading to conditional PDT activity in oxygenated condition that progresses to highly efficient PACT (Ï up to 0.63) when O2 is depleted in solution and under cellular environment. On the other hand, the conditional PDT-to-PACT reactivity can be triggered by external photosensitizers in a similar manner in vitro and in vivo, giving additional tumor-selectivity and/or deep tissue penetration by red-light irradiation that leads to robust anticancer efficacy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Luz , Ouro , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Spatiotemporally controllable activation of prodrugs within tumors is highly desirable for cancer therapy to minimize toxic side effects. Herein we report that stable alkylgold(III) complexes can undergo unprecedented photo-induced ß-hydride elimination, releasing alkyl ligands and forming gold(III)-hydride intermediates that could be quickly converted into bioactive [AuIII -S] adducts; meanwhile, the remaining alkylgold(III) complexes can photo-catalytically reduce [AuIII -S] into more bioactive AuI species. Such photo-reactivities make it possible to functionalize gold complexes on the auxiliary alkyl ligands without attenuating the metal-biomacromolecule interactions. As a result, the gold(III) complexes containing glucose-functionalized alkyl ligands displayed efficient and tumor-selective uptake; notably, after one- or two-photon activation, the complexes exhibited high thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, potent cytotoxicity, and strong antiangiogenesis and antitumor activities in vivo.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Complexos de Coordenação , Neoplasias , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/uso terapêutico , Ouro , Humanos , Ligantes , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologia , Tiorredoxina Dissulfeto RedutaseRESUMO
Controllably activating the bio-reactivity of metal complexes in living systems is challenging but highly desirable because it can minimize off-target bindings and improve spatiotemporal specificity. Herein, we report a new bioorthogonal activation approach by employing Pd(II)-triggered transmetallation reactions to conditionally activate the bio-reactivity of NHC-Au(I)-phenylacetylide complexes (1 a) inâ vitro and inâ vivo. A combination of 1 Hâ NMR, LC-MS, DFT calculation and fluorescence screening assays reveals that 1 a displays a reasonable stability against biological thiols, but its phenylacetylide ligand can be efficiently transferred to Pd(II), leading to inâ situ formation of labile NHC-Au(I) species that is catalytically active inside living cells and zebrafish, and can meanwhile effectively suppress the activity of thioredoxin reductase, potently inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and efficiently suppress angiogenesis in zebrafish models.
Assuntos
Complexos de Coordenação/química , Ouro/química , Alcinos/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Catálise , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexos de Coordenação/metabolismo , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Teoria da Densidade Funcional , Embrião não Mamífero/química , Embrião não Mamífero/metabolismo , Humanos , Metano/análogos & derivados , Metano/química , Imagem Óptica , Paládio/química , Peixe-Zebra/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
The specific gold-sulfur binding interaction renders gold complexes as promising anti-cancer agents that can potentially overcome cisplatin resistance; while their unbiased binding towards non-tumoral off-target thiol-proteins has posed a big hurdle to clinical application. Herein we report that cyclometalated gold(III) complexes bearing hydride ligands are highly stable towards thiols in the dark but can efficiently dissociate the auxiliary hydride moiety and generate a gold-thiol adduct when excited with visible light. In consequence, the photo-activated gold(III) complexes potently inhibited thioredoxin reductase in association with up to >400-fold increment of photocytotoxicity (vs. dark condition) without deactivation by serum albumin and along with strong anti-angiogenesis activity in zebrafish embryos. Importantly, the gold(III)-hydride complexes could be activated by two-photon laser irradiation at the phototherapeutic window as effectively as blue-light irradiation.