Perfil e impacto dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq da Faculdade de Medicina da UFMG / Profile and impact of CNPq research productivity fellows at the Faculty of Medicine of UFMG

INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de iniciação científica e pós-graduação são um instrumento essencial na formação de recursos humanos e na perpetuação da produção científica nacional. O papel dos professores pesquisadores no adequado desenvolvimento científico dos estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação tem sido continuamente reafirmado em diversas pesquisas sobre a qualidade do ensino superior brasileiro, apesar da contínua desvalorização das universidades públicas no país. Avaliar a carreira e o perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa pode fornecer elementos em relação ao impacto desses profissionais no ensino, na pesquisa e na internacionalização das universidades. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil profissional e a produção científica dos bolsistas do Programa de Produtividade em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo baseado na análise de dados públicos disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes. Os bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa foram apurados com base nos resultados dos editais de 2013, 2016 e 2019. RESULTADOS: A análise das variáveis evidenciou diminuição do número de docentes bolsistas da instituição, que passou de 34 para 29. Observamos um número significativamente maior de projetos financiados por profissionais do sexo masculino quando comparados às pesquisadoras (p=0,03) e uma forte correlação entre os anos de doutorado e o número de doutores orientados que atualmente se dedicam à pesquisa. CONCLUSÃO: Professores pesquisadores exercem impacto direto na formação de recursos humanos qualificados e na formação de recursos humanos qualificados e na internacionalização das universidades públicas.

INTRODUCTION: Mentoring through scientific initiation and post-graduate programs are an essential instrument on the formation of human resources and the perpetuation of national scientific production. The role of research professors in the proper scientific development of graduate and post-graduate medical students has been continuously reaffirmed in several surveys on the quality of Brazilian superior education, despite the continuous desvalorization of higher education in the country. Determine the career and profile of research productivity fellows could measure the impact of these professionals in teaching, researching and internationalization of our university. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the professional profile and scientific production of the Productivity in Research Program fellows from the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. METHODS: This descriptive study is based on the analysis of public data available at Lattes Platform. Research productivity fellows were determined based on the results of the 2013, 2016 and 2019 calls for tenders. RESULTS: Analysis of the variables showed a decrease in the number of professors with scholarships at the institution, which went from 34 to 29. We observed a significantly higher number of funded projects of male professionals when compared to female researchers (p=0.03) and a strong correlation between years of doctorate degree and the number of mentored doctors currently dedicating to research. CONCLUSION: Experient research professors exert direct impact on the formation of qualified human resources and the internationalization of the federal university.

Educação médica: linha do tempo e panorama da pós-graduação stricto sensu no Brasil / Medical education: timeline and panorama of stricto sensu graduate studies in Brazil

Resumo: Introdução: O presente trabalho apresenta uma sucinta retrospectiva da pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileira e elucida o atual panorama quantitativo das subáreas avaliativas da área de medicina. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo esboçar um panorama crítico da pós-graduação médica. Método: O método, aqui utilizado, contempla uma revisão das normativas que conduziram a formação da pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileira e uma categorização e análise estatística de dados fornecidos pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, complementados por informações da Plataforma Sucupira e do último censo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, com recorte das áreas avaliativas da medicina e atenção a elas. Resultado: Como resultado, observou-se que, em junho de 2019, o Brasil atingiu 4.590 programas de pós-graduação, sendo 262 distribuídos nas áreas avaliativas da medicina. A partir desse quantitativo, apresentam-se uma tabela, dois quadros, uma figura e sete gráficos que demostram diferentes aspectos do Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação. Conclusão: Em conclusão, no que se refere ao Sistema Nacional de Pós-Graduação, descrevem-se, como ponto forte, a expansão e o crescimento da pós-graduação, e indicam-se, como ponto frágil, os traços de assimetrias regionais. Em face das subáreas da medicina, são evidenciadas as características de cada área avaliativa, incluindo relações entre modalidades, níveis e conceitos dos programas de pós-graduação. Por fim, fica a perspectiva de que, além do número de programas de pós-graduação e de seus respectivos conceitos, um panorama qualitativo deve considerar indicadores como produção científica e impacto social, temas a serem abordados em estudos futuros, utilizando-se dados e as ferramentas metodológicas específicas.

Abstract: Introduction: This work offers a succinct retrospective of the Brazilian stricto sensu graduate program and elucidates the current quantitative panorama of the evaluative sub-areas of Medicine. Objective: This study aimed to outline a critical panorama of medical Graduate Program. Method: The method addressed here includes a review of the regulations that led to the formation of the Brazilian stricto sensu graduate programs and a categorization and statistical analysis of data provided by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), complemented by information from the Sucupira Platform and the latest census published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, focusing on the evaluative areas of Medicine. Result: It was observed that in June 2019, Brazil reached 4,590 Graduate Programs, of which 262 programs were distributed in the evaluative areas of Medicine. Based on this quantity, tables, images and graphs are presented that show different aspects of the National Graduate System. Conclusion: With regard to the National Graduate System, the expansion and growth of graduate studies are described as a strong point, whereas the characteristics of regional asymmetries are indicated as a shortcoming. In view of the sub-areas of medicine, the characteristics of each evaluation area are highlighted, including relationships between modalities, levels and Graduate Program, and scores. Finally, the view persists that, in addition to the number of Graduate Program, and their respective scores, a qualitative panorama should consider indicators such as scientific production and social impact, themes to be addressed in future studies, using specific methodological data and tools.

Learning anatomy by virtual reality and augmented reality. A scope review.

During the last century, there were no significant changes in the teaching methods of anatomy in universities, predominating expositive lectures, and anatomy laboratory activities. With the advent of new technologies, simulators, augmented reality, and virtual reality, new teaching possibilities have emerged that may provide assistance and, in some situations, replace traditional methods of teaching. In this narrative scope review we evaluate articles that compare traditional methods with virtual reality or augmented reality through a search on Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases, using the MeSH terms "Anatomy", "Virtual Reality", "Augmented Reality", "Video Games", "Education Medical, Undergraduate", "Teaching" and "Simulation Training". We concluded that virtual reality and augmented reality have a promising value for teaching anatomy in addition to a positive economic impact on universities.

The Development of Cognitive and Affective Skills Through a Sexual and Reproductive Health Medical Education Unit.

INTRODUCTION: Although better medical training on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is an unquestionable global need, and recent research has emphasized the importance of SRH education, few studies have presented alternative teaching models to conventional approaches. AIM: To examine the structure and evaluation of a curricular unit that uses an active teaching and learning strategy, and to evaluate both the cognitive and affective student learning outcomes. METHODS: This study used retrospective and cross-sectional analyses of a curricular unit with 8 weekly lessons structured into individual activities before the class, group activities monitored in class, feedback, and the development of medical empathy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Student performance was evaluated through summative and formative activities. The process was evaluated quantitatively by a questionnaire containing Likert-type and open-ended questions with speech analysis and with categorical evaluation. RESULTS: The final average of the analyzed group was 7.95 ± 0.5 on a scale of 10. Likert-type assessment (Cronbach's α = 0.86) revealed strong student adherence and, through responses to open-ended questions, positive evaluations of the proposed SRH teaching model. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy showed a high index of self-reported general empathy (117.3 ± 11), with a significantly higher index for female students (P = .019) than male students; however, this gender difference disappeared after the intervention (P = .086). CONCLUSIONS: The curriculum model was developed and continuously adjusted based on grounded theory for teaching SRH and included both cognitive and affective stimuli; the results showed favorable student evaluation of the unit, and it proved feasible to implement in the time available. de Oliveira R, Montagna E, Zaia V, et al. The Development of Cognitive and Affective Skills Through a Sexual and Reproductive Health Medical Education Unit. Sex Med 2019;7:326-336.

Medical student perceptions about active methodologies in the study of physiology in medical schools in Salvador, Brazil.

In the field of medical education, it is possible to consider that the acquisition of professional competences can gain new contours when considering the use of active methodologies. It is important to analyze the perception of the students about the use of them in medical courses, as well as to reflect on their challenges and potentials. In the present study, a semistructured questionnaire of student perception was applied immediately after the execution of different types of active methodologies in the discipline of physiology in two medical courses. The results suggest a highly positive evaluation of the use of active methodologies by the student body of the two institutions. The students evaluated positively the application of the method (94.6%) and the perception about the learning (84.1%). On the other hand, when questioned about the substitution of the traditional expository method by the active methodologies, there was a tendency to the centrality of the answers, with 84.0% of the responses concentrated at positions 2, 3, and 4 on a scale of 1 (minimum) to 5 (maximum) on the Likert scale. There were no statistically significant differences when comparing variables of age, sex, and previous graduation. Although there was no consensus regarding the full replacement of traditional for active methodologies, one can conclude that the students' perception about the introduction of said methodologies in the teaching of physiology in medical courses is positive, regardless of the subgroups evaluated. These results encourage the insertion of these and other methodologies into medical courses.

Conhecimento e aceitação das práticas integrativas e complementares por estudantes de medicina / Knowledge and acceptance of integrative and complementary practices by medical students

Objetivo: investigar o interesse, o conhecimento e o uso das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) pelos estudantes de Medicina. Métodos: Aplicação de questionários estruturados com os estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição pública federal do 1º ao 8º períodos, no primeiro semestre de 2015. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico R versão 3.2.2. Resultados: O percentual de alunos que indicaria as PIC a seus pacientes é 82,5%. As variáveis associadas a indicar o uso das PIC foram: raça/cor não branca, ser aluno dos períodos iniciais, achar importante ter as PIC na grade curricular, ter cursado alguma disciplina ou atividade sobre as PIC, informar que usaria as PIC como pacientes e ter usado alguma PIC nos últimos 12 meses. Conclusões: O contato do aluno com as PIC, por meio de disciplinas e atividades, é fundamental para que os futuros médicos sejam capazes de indicar essas modalidades terapêuticas aos seus pacientes, ampliando as ferramentas terapêuticas disponíveis. Logo, torna-se necessária a inclusão, no currículo ativo, das PIC, a fim de ampliar a formação do aluno como médico generalista.

Objective: to investigate the interest, knowledge and use of Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICP) by medical students. Method: Application of structured questionnaires with medical students of a federal public institution from 1st to the 8th TERMS in the first semester of 2015. The data were analyzed in the statistical program R version 3.2.2. Results: The percentage of students that would indicate ICP to their patients is 82.5%. The variables associated with indicating the use of ICPs were: non-white race/color, being a student from the initial TERMS, finding it important to have ICP in the curriculum, having studied some discipline or activity on the ICPs, informing that they would use the ICPs as patients and have used any ICP in the last 12 months. Conclusions: The student's contact with ICP through disciplines and activities is fundamental for future physicians to be able to indicate these therapeutic modalities to their patients, broadening the available therapeutic tools. Therefore, it is necessary to include the ICP in the active curriculum in order to broaden the student's training as a general practitioner.

Uma experiência de integração ensino, serviço e comunidade de alunos do curso de graduação em medicina na atenção básica no município de Maceió-AL, Brasil / An experience of integration, teaching, service and community of medical students in the "basic attention" in the city of Maceió-AL, Brazil

Introdução: Através das novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, a formação médica passa a focar na humanização, na assistência generalizada, na saúde integral e na capacidade crítica e reflexiva, componentes chave do método de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. A disciplina Integração Ensino, Serviço e Comunidade aplica-se como uma ferramenta prática de inserção precoce do aluno em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, integrando-o à equipe de saúde, à comunidade e aos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivo: apresentar a relevância da referida disciplina na formação médica como elemento obrigatório da estrutura curricular. Nota-se que esta matéria induz o conhecimento ampliado da Atenção Básica e realidade da população, incluindo assimilar seus contextos social, cultural e econômico. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência do módulo da disciplina em pauta do curso de medicina do Centro Universitário Tiradentes, Maceió - AL, contemplando a vivência dos acadêmicos de 2016 a 2017 na Unidade de Saúde da Família Vereador Sérgio Quintella. Resultados: A referida disciplina impacta a graduação médica nos seguintes pilares: Sistema de Saúde, compreendido através da realidade das visitas domiciliares e educação em saúde; integração do ensino teórico-prático e engajamento em educação científica, por intermédio da elaboração semanal de um portfólio. Conclusão: A metodologia dessa disciplina, pode portanto ser adotada como uma ferramenta efetiva para a consecução daquilo que as Diretrizes preconizam para uma formação médica humanizada, adequada para atuar na atenção básica e alinhada com as necessidades dos usuários do Sistema de Saúde vigente (AU).

Introduction: Through the new National Curricular Guidelines, medical training focuses on humanization, generalized care, integral health and critical and reflective capacity, key components of the Problem Based Learning method. The discipline Integration Teaching, Service and Community applies as a practical tool for early insertion of the student in a Basic Health Unit, integrating it to the health team, the community and the services of the Unified Health System. Objective: relevance of said discipline in medical training as a mandatory element of the curricular structure. It is noted that this matter induces the expanded knowledge of Basic Attention and reality of the population, including assimilating their social, cultural and economic contexts. Methods: This is an experience report of the module of the discipline in the medical course of the University Center Tiradentes, Maceió - AL, contemplating the experience of the academics from 2016 to 2017 in the Family Health Unit of the Sérgio Quintella Family. Results: This discipline impacts medical graduation in the following pillars: Health System, understood through the reality of home visits and health education; integration of theoretical-practical teaching and engagement in scientific education, through the weekly elaboration of a portfolio. Conclusion: The methodology of this discipline can therefore be adopted as an effective tool to achieve what the Guidelines advocate for a humanized medical education, adequate to act in basic care and aligned with the needs of the users of the current Health System (AU).