Unveiling the phenology and associated floral regulatory pathways of Humulus lupulus L. in subtropical conditions.

MAIN CONCLUSION: The hop phenological cycle was described in subtropical condition of Brazil showing that flowering can happen at any time of year and this was related to developmental molecular pathways. Hops are traditionally produced in temperate regions, as it was believed that vernalization was necessary for flowering. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed the potential for hops to flower in tropical and subtropical climates. In this work, we observed that hops in the subtropical climate of Minas Gerais, Brazil grow and flower multiple times throughout the year, independently of the season, contrasting with what happens in temperate regions. This could be due to the photoperiod consistently being inductive, with daylight hours below the described threshold (16.5 h critical). We observed that when the plants reached 7-9 nodes, the leaves began to transition from heart-shaped to trilobed-shaped, which could be indicative of the juvenile to adult transition. This could be related to the fact that the 5th node (in plants with 10 nodes) had the highest expression of miR156, while two miR172s increased in the 20th node (in plants with 25 nodes). Hop flowers appeared later, in the 25th or 28th nodes, and the expression of HlFT3 and HlFT5 was upregulated in plants between 15 and 20 nodes, while the expression of HlTFL3 was upregulated in plants with 20 nodes. These results indicate the role of axillary meristem age in regulating this process and suggest that the florigenic signal should be maintained until the hop plants bloom. In addition, it is possible that the expression of TFL is not sufficient to inhibit flowering in these conditions and promote branching. These findings suggest that the reproductive transition in hop under inductive photoperiodic conditions could occur in plants between 15 and 20 nodes. Our study sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying hop floral development, paving the way for potential advancements in hop production on a global scale.

Unlocking hot trub's potential: a simple method for extracting bitter acids and xanthohumol.

BACKGROUND: Hot trub is a macronutrient- and micronutrient-rich by-product generated in the brewing industry, which is still underrated as a raw material for reprocessing purposes. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the extraction of bitter acids' and xanthohumol from hot trub as well as identify the significance of parameters for the process. The research assessed various extraction parameters, such as pH, ethanol concentration, temperature, and solid-to-liquid ratio, using a Plackett-Burman design. RESULTS: Ethanol concentration and pH were the most significant parameters affecting extraction yield. ß-acids were found to be the principal components of the bitter acids, with a maximum concentration near 16 mg g-1, followed by iso-α-acids and α-acids achieving 6 and 3.6 mg g-1, respectively. The highest yields of bitter acids were observed in the highest ethanol concentration, while pH was relevant to extraction process in treatments with low ethanol ratios. Concerning the xanthohumol extraction, the approach achieved maximum concentration (239 µg g-1) in treatments with ethanol concentration above 30%. Despite their variances, the phytochemicals exhibited comparable extraction patterns, indicating similar interactions with macromolecules. Moreover, the characterization of the solid residues demonstrated that the extraction process did not bring about any alterations to the chemical and total protein profiles. CONCLUSION: Ethanol concentration was found to have the most significant impact on the extraction of bitter acids and xanthohumol, while temperature had no significant effect. The solid remains resulting from the extraction showed potential for use as a protein source. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Alpha-SNAP (M105I) mutation promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells through overactivation of AMPK.

Background: The M105I point mutation in α-SNAP (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein-alpha) leads in mice to a complex phenotype known as hyh (hydrocephalus with hop gait), characterized by cortical malformation and hydrocephalus, among other neuropathological features. Studies performed by our laboratory and others support that the hyh phenotype is triggered by a primary alteration in embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) that leads to a disruption of the ventricular and subventricular zones (VZ/SVZ) during the neurogenic period. Besides the canonical role of α-SNAP in SNARE-mediated intracellular membrane fusion dynamics, it also negatively modulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. AMPK is a conserved metabolic sensor associated with the proliferation/differentiation balance in NSPCs. Methods: Brain samples from hyh mutant mice (hydrocephalus with hop gait) (B6C3Fe-a/a-Napahyh/J) were analyzed by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blot at different developmental stages. In addition, NSPCs derived from WT and hyh mutant mice were cultured as neurospheres for in vitro characterization and pharmacological assays. BrdU labeling was used to assess proliferative activity in situ and in vitro. Pharmacological modulation of AMPK was performed using Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and AICAR (AMPK activator). Results: α-SNAP was preferentially expressed in the brain, showing variations in the levels of α-SNAP protein in different brain regions and developmental stages. NSPCs from hyh mice (hyh-NSPCs) displayed reduced levels of α-SNAP and increased levels of phosphorylated AMPKα (pAMPKαThr172), which were associated with a reduction in their proliferative activity and a preferential commitment with the neuronal lineage. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK in hyh-NSPCs increased proliferative activity and completely abolished the increased generation of neurons. Conversely, AICAR-mediated activation of AMPK in WT-NSPCs reduced proliferation and boosted neuronal differentiation. Discussion: Our findings support that α-SNAP regulates AMPK signaling in NSPCs, further modulating their neurogenic capacity. The naturally occurring M105I mutation of α-SNAP provokes an AMPK overactivation in NSPCs, thus connecting the α-SNAP/AMPK axis with the etiopathogenesis and neuropathology of the hyh phenotype.

Extraction of hops pelletized (Humulus lupulus) with subcritical CO2 and hydrodistillation: Chemical composition identification, kinetic model, and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Hop essential oil and hop extract using carbon dioxide (CO2) are products with high added value because they have bioactive and sensory properties. In this context, the objective of this study was to obtain and characterize essential oil and extracts from pelleted hops of El Dorado, Polaris, Hallertau Blanc and Callista varieties using hydrodistillation and subcritical CO2 extraction methods. Extraction yield ranged from 0.38 % to 1.97 % (m/m) for essential oils and from 8.76 % to 15.35 % (m/m) for extracts using subcritical CO2. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were mainly monoterpene (18.14 % to 29.91 %) and sesquiterpene (46.01 % to 59.03 %) hydrocarbons and for the extracts were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (33.05 % to 71.90 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (14.80 % to 34.89 %). The extracts showed better antioxidant activity than essential oils due to the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Hop extracts showed some antimicrobial activity, but essential oils did not demonstrate antimicrobial potential. Hop extracts obtained with subCO2 have the potential to be used in the brewing industry as a flavoring and as natural antioxidants.

The combination of omics strategies to evaluate starter and probiotic strains in the Catharina sour Brazilian-style beer.

Catharina sour, the first internationally recognized Brazilian beer, is characterized by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which may have probiotic potential, and the addition of fruit juice. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the starter Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 (TH-4) and the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei F19 and 431, associated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae US-05, in the absence (control)/presence of passion fruit or peach juices. Evaluation proceeded during fermentation and storage by enumeration using pour-plate and qPCR; gene expressions of hop resistance; proteome by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); and odor, flavor, and metabolome by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME), coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. We concluded that the strains studied are recommended for applications in sour beers, due to the presence of defense mechanisms like membrane adhesion and H + pump. Furthermore, HS-SPME/GC-MS indicated that the strains may contribute to the beer flavor and odor.

Oficinas de composição musical com jovens: reflexões metodológicas para uma práxis transformadora / Workshops of musical composition with young people: methodological reflections for transforming praxis / Talleres de composición musical con jóvenes: reflexiones metodológicas para una praxis transformadora

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e problematizar questões referentes à operacionalização de oficinas de composição musical com jovens do movimento hip hop, apresentando potencialidades e dificuldades da utilização desta técnica na pesquisa qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado em uma comunidade na periferia de Cubatão, litoral de SP, segundo o referencial da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica. Utilizou-se a metodologia das oficinas, propondo alguns percursos e estratégias metodológicas para a pesquisa com jovens. Destacam-se os vínculos afetivos como importante estratégia para a construção do conhecimento e a realização das oficinas com a participação dos jovens, inclusive estes como facilitadores e não apenas como interlocutores do estudo. A pesquisa qualitativa e as oficinas de composição musical podem fomentar nos jovens a reflexão crítica da realidade através da objetivação de sua subjetividade, em um trabalho que é dialeticamente individual e coletivo.

This article aims at describing and problematizing issues related to the operationalization of music composition workshops with young people from the hip-hop movement, presenting the potentialities and difficulties of using this technique in qualitative research. The study was carried out in a community on the outskirts of Cubatão, in the coast of São Paulo, according to the Socio-Historical Psychology reference. It used the methodology of the workshops, proposing some pathways and methodological strategies for youth research. Emotional bonds are an important strategy for the construction of knowledge and the realization of the workshops with the participation of the young people, including these as facilitators and not only as interlocutors of the study. The qualitative research and music composition workshops can foster in young people a critical reflection of reality through the objectification of their subjectivity, in a work that is dialectically individual and collective.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y problematizar cuestiones referentes a la operacionalización de talleres de composición musical con jóvenes del movimiento hip hop, presentando potencialidades y dificultades de la utilización de esta técnica en la investigación cualitativa. El estudio fue realizado en una comunidad en la periferia de Cubatão, costa de São Paulo, según el referencial de la Psicología Socio-Histórica. Se utilizó la metodología de los talleres, proponiendo algunos recorridos y estrategias metodológicas para la investigación con los jóvenes. Se destacan los vínculos afectivos como una importante estrategia para la construcción del conocimiento y realización de los talleres con la participación de los jóvenes, inclusive éstos como facilitadores y no sólo como interlocutores del estudio. La investigación cualitativa y los talleres de composición musical pueden fomentar en los jóvenes la reflexión crítica de la realidad a través de la objetivación de su subjetividad, en un trabajo que es dialécticamente individual y colectivo.

El hiphop como forma de resistencia frente al juvenicidio: la experiencia de Casa Kolacho / Hip-hop as a resistance to youthcide: the experience of Casa Kolacho / O hip-hop como resistência ao juvenicidio: a experiência de casa Kolacho

Resumen (analítico) El artículo aborda una de las facetas del hiphop como cultura juvenil: su dimensión de movimiento social y cultural protagonizado por jóvenes de sectores subalternos. Para ello se analiza el caso de Casa Kolacho, un centro de arte y cultura situado en la Comuna 13 de Medellín, que abrió sus puertas en 2013 como culminación de la toma de conciencia de los jóvenes del barrio contra la violencia ejercida por agentes estatales, paramilitares, guerrilleros y grupos criminales. El texto se centra en el testimonio de Jeihhco, uno de los impulsores del centro, cuyo relato repasa el papel del hiphop como una forma de resistencia frente al juvenicidio, usando la música y el arte como una estrategia contrahegemónica de expresión de «hacer más ruido que las balas¼, según las palabras del protagonista.

Abstract (analytical) This article addresses one of the faces of hip-hop as a youth culture: its dimension as a social and cultural movement starring young people from subaltern sectors. The authors analyze the case of Casa Kolacho, an artistic and cultural center located in Comuna 13 in Medellín. Casa Kolacho opened its doors in 2013 as an expression by young people in the neighborhood against the violence carried out by state security forces, paramilitaries, guerrillas and criminal groups. The text focuses on the testimony of Jeihhco, one of the promoters at the center, whose life story focuses on the role of hip-hop as a form of resistance against «youthcide¼ using music and art as a counter-hegemonic strategy of expression from "make more noise than bullets", according to the words of the protagonist.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo aborda uma das faces do hip-hop como cultura juvenil: sua dimensão do movimento social e cultural liderado por jovens de setores subalternais. Para isso, analisa-se o caso da Casa Kolacho, um centro de arte e cultura localizado na Comuna 13 de Medellín, que abriu suas portas em 2013 como o ápice da conscientização dos jovens do bairro contra a violência exercido por agentes estatais, paramilitares, guerrilheiros e grupos criminosos. O texto se concentra no testemunho de Jeihhco, um dos promotores do centro, cuja história revisa o papel do hip-hop como forma de resistência contra o juvenicídio, usando a música e a arte como estratégia contra-hegemônica de expressão e sobrevivência.

Genome-Wide Analyses of MADS-Box Genes in Humulus lupulus L. Reveal Potential Participation in Plant Development, Floral Architecture, and Lupulin Gland Metabolism.

MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) are involved in multiple plant development processes and are most known during the reproductive transition and floral organ development. Very few genes have been characterized in the genome of Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae), an important crop for the pharmaceutical and beverage industries. The MADS-box family has not been studied in this species yet. We identified 65 MADS-box genes in the hop genome, of which 29 encode type-II TFs (27 of subgroup MIKCC and 2 MIKC*) and 36 type-I proteins (26 α, 9 ß, and 1 γ). Type-II MADS-box genes evolved more complex architectures than type-I genes. Interestingly, we did not find FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) homologs, a transcription factor that acts as a floral repressor and is negatively regulated by cold. This result provides a molecular explanation for a previous work showing that vernalization is not a requirement for hop flowering, which has implications for its cultivation in the tropics. Analysis of gene ontology and expression profiling revealed genes potentially involved in the development of male and female floral structures based on the differential expression of ABC homeotic genes in each whorl of the flower. We identified a gene exclusively expressed in lupulin glands, suggesting a role in specialized metabolism in these structures. In toto, this work contributes to understanding the evolutionary history of MADS-box genes in hop, and provides perspectives on functional genetic studies, biotechnology, and crop breeding.

Anti-Inflammatory Markers of Hops Cultivars (Humulus lupulus L.) Evaluated by Untargeted Metabolomics Strategy.

Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are edible flowers commonly used to add flavour and aroma to beer, besides they have rich chemical diversity and medicinal potential. In this work, an ex vivo anti-inflammatory assay via the LPS-induced signalling pathway and metabolomics approaches were performed to evaluate the ability of hops to inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inflammatory mediator and analyze which metabolites produced by the nine different hop cultivars are potential anti-inflammatory markers. Columbus, Chinook and Hallertau Mittelfrüh hop cultivars yielded extracts with PGE2 release inhibition rates of 86.7, 92.5 and 73.5 %, respectively. According to the multivariate statistical analysis, the majority of the metabolites correlated with the activity were prenylated phloroglucinol and phenolic homologs. These results suggest promissory anti-inflammatory hop metabolites.

Body asymmetries in dancers of different dance disciplines / Asimetrías corporales en bailarines de diferentes disciplinas de baile

SUMMARY: Dance is an attractive sport discipline in which participation is increasing every year, unfortunately, the prevalence of injuries is also increasing. Various dance disciplines and dance techniques require body control, often in extreme anatomical positions that place a heavy strain on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this research was to analyze body asymmetries of four different dance disciplines (standard and Latin American dance - STLA, acrobatic rock and roll - RNR, breakdance - BD and hip hop - HH), by using anthropometric (InBody 720; Biospace Co., Ltd) and 3D body measurements (NX-16; TC2) to establish possible later discomforts and injuries. T-test was performed to find differences between left and right extremities in all four dance disciplines. Results of the study showed that asymmetries are present in all of the studied dance disciplines. When comparing dance disciplines, we found out that STLA dancers are the most prone to develop body asymmetries (six out of nine paired variables), mainly because of the closed position. The position itself is the asymmetry and in which dancers remain for a very long time while training the technique of each dance. As dance is known for its asymmetrical movement of the body and it is expected that some of the asymmetries will appear after a few years of training. For a better understanding of possible consequences of asymmetries in dancers' bodies, further and more detailed analysis within each dance discipline is required.

RESUMEN: El baile es una disciplina deportiva atractiva cuya participación aumenta cada año, sin embargo también aumenta la prevalencia de lesiones. Varias disciplinas de baile y las técnicas de baile requieren el control del cuerpo en posiciones anatómicas extremas las cuales ejercen una gran presión sobre el sistema musculoesquelético. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las asimetrías corporales de cuatro disciplinas de baile diferentes (baile estándar y latinoamericano - STLA, rock and roll acrobático - RNR, breakdance - BD y hip hop - HH), utilizando técnicas antropométricas (InBody 720; Biospace Co., Ltd) y mediciones corporales en 3D (NX-16; TC2) para establecer posibles molestias y lesiones posteriores. Se realizó la prueba T para determinar diferencias entre los miembros izquierdo y derecho en las cuatro disciplinas de baile. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que las asimetrías se encontraron en todas las disciplinas de baile. Al comparar las disciplinas de baile, descubrimos que los bailarines de STLA son los más propensos a desarrollar asimetrías corporales (seis de nueve variables pareadas), principalmente debido a la posición cerrada. La posición en sí es asimétrica y en la que los bailarines permanecen durante mucho tiempo mientras entrenan la técnica de cada baile. Como el baile es conocido por el movimiento asimétrico del cuerpo, es posible que algunas de las asimetrías aparezcan después de algunos años de entrenamiento. Se requiere un análisis más profundo y detallado dentro de cada disciplina de danza para una mejor comprensión de las posibles consecuencias de las asimetrías en los cuerpos de los bailarines.

Práticas pedagógicas do hip-hop nas aulas de educação física: uma revisão sistemática / Pedagogical practices of hip-hop in physical education classes: a systematic review / Prácticas pedagógicas del hip-hop en las clases de educación física: una revisión sistemática

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar publicações sobre o hip-hop como prática pedagógica no contexto da Educação Física Escolar. Para tanto realizamos revisão sistemática em quatro bases de dados, utilizando os descritores hip-hop e Educação Física, publicados entre os anos de 2011 e 2021. Selecionamos 15 trabalhos que abordavam o hip-hop na Educação Física Escolar. As produções acadêmicas sobre o tema se espalham por diversas áreas do conhecimento, no entanto são raros os estudos sobre práticas pedagógicas desta cultura urbana na educação básica. Concluímos que há a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o hip-hop na escola que demonstrem diálogos e problematizações nas aulas. (AU)

The objective of this work is to analyze publications on hip-hop as a pedagogical practice in the context of School Physical Education. For that, we carried out a systematic review in four databases, using the descriptors hip-hop and Physical Education, published between 2011 and 2021. We selected 15 works that addressed hip-hop in School Physical Education, which were organized according to the study area. Academic productions about this subject are spread across several areas of knowledge, however, studies on pedagogical practices of this urban culture in basic education are rare. We conclude that there is a need for further studies on hip-hop at school that demonstrate dialogues and problematizations in classes. (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar publicaciones sobre el hip-hop como práctica pedagógica en el contexto de la Educación Física escolar. Para ello, realizamos una revisión sistemática en cuatro bases de datos, utilizando los descriptores hip-hop y Educación Física, publicadas entre 2011 y 2021. Seleccionamos 15 trabajos que abordaban el hip-hop en la Educación Física escolar. Las producciones académicas sobre el tema se encuentran dispersas en varias áreas del conocimiento, sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre las prácticas pedagógicas de esta cultura urbana en la educación básica. Concluimos que existe la necesidad de más estudios sobre el hip-hop en la escuela, que demuestren diálogos y problematizaciones en las clases. (AU)

A Novel Theoretical Probabilistic Model for Opportunistic Routing with Applications in Energy Consumption for WSNs.

This paper proposes a new theoretical stochastic model based on an abstraction of the opportunistic model for opportunistic networks. The model is capable of systematically computing the network parameters, such as the number of possible routes, the probability of successful transmission, the expected number of broadcast transmissions, and the expected number of receptions. The usual theoretical stochastic model explored in the methodologies available in the literature is based on Markov chains, and the main novelty of this paper is the employment of a percolation stochastic model, whose main benefit is to obtain the network parameters directly. Additionally, the proposed approach is capable to deal with values of probability specified by bounded intervals or by a density function. The model is validated via Monte Carlo simulations, and a computational toolbox (R-packet) is provided to make the reproduction of the results presented in the paper easier. The technique is illustrated through a numerical example where the proposed model is applied to compute the energy consumption when transmitting a packet via an opportunistic network.

Investigación acción participativa en el grupo denominado colectribu de jóvenes artistas en situación de riesgo social / Participatory action research in the group colectribu of young artists in social risk / Pesquisa-ação participativa no grupo: colectribu de jovens artistas em situação de risco social

La presente investigación intenta describir la dinámica grupal desenvuelta entre miembros del grupo artístico de hip hop Colectribu, conformado por jóvenes en situación de riesgo social, expuestos a fenómenos como violencia, pandillas, y consumo de substancias que asisten al programa Resistencia Juvenil dependiente de la Fundación La Paz. Se describe un espacio de desenvolvimiento artístico permitiendo el crecimiento de habilidades artísticas mediante talleres de lírica, producción musical y otros. Se plantea a través de esto la reformulación de la pandilla dejando atrás la intención violenta y de transgresión a las normas para conducir el trabajo de Colectribu hacia la creación, contribución a la sociedad y fortalecimiento personal. Colectribu es la unión de jóvenes provenientes de distintas partes de La Paz que se reúnen en base a los que es el hip hop, es una forma de expresar a las personas un mensaje nuevo, consciente y reflexivo". Se realiza un estudio de acción-participativa que además de ser plasmado en dicha investigación, se realiza un documental catalogando la realidad de los miembros del grupo que puede ser encontrado en https://youtu.be/fiX6eR1FV4A.(AU)

This research tries to describe the group dynamic that unravels between members of the hip hop artistic collective Colectribu, consisting of young people in social risk, exposed to phenomena such as violence, gangs and substance abuse, they attend the Resistencia Juvenil program dependent from the La Paz Foundation. It describes a space of artistic development allowing growth of artistic abilities by means of lyricism workshops, musical production and others types of workshops. At the same time the concept of gang reformulates, leaving behind the violent intent to redirect the work from Colectribu to creation, social contribution and personal growth. Colectribu is a union of youth who come from different places of La Paz who get together joined by hip hop, it's a way of expressing to people a new message, that is conscious and reflexive. An action-participative study was made, as well as a documentary who logs the reality of the members of the group that can be found at https://youtu.be/fiX6eR1FV4A.(AU)

Esta pesquisa procura descrever a dinâmica de grupo desenvolvida entre os membros do grupo de arte hip hop Colectribu, formado por jovens em situação de risco social, expostos a fenômenos como violência, gangues e uso de substâncias que participam do programa "Resistência Jovem" dependente da Fundação La Paz. É descrito um espaço de desenvolvimento artístico que permite o crescimento de habilidades artísticas por meio de oficinas de letras, produção musical e outras. Com isso, propõe-se a reformulação da quadrilha, deixando para trás a violenta intenção e violação das normas de conduzir o trabalho de "Colectribu" à criação, contribuição à sociedade e fortalecimento pessoal. "[Colectribu] é a união de jovens de diferentes partes de La Paz que se reúnem com base no que é o hip hop, é uma maneira de expressar uma mensagem nova, consciente e atenciosa para as pessoas. É realizado um estudo de ação participativa que, além de refletido na referida pesquisa, é realizado um documentário catalogando a realidade dos membros do grupo que pode ser encontrada em https://youtu.be/fiX6eR1FV4A.(AU)

Dataset for Hop varieties classification.

Humulus lupulus L., also known as hops, is a vine whose flowers are a major component in brewing. It delivers flavor, bitterness, and aroma to beer and also aids in foam stabilization. Furthermore, it plays an important role in beer conservation due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which have recently been studied for food preservation. Hops can also be found in the production of cosmetics and is considered healthy food. There are more than 250 cataloged varieties of hops, and among the main attributes that differ from each other are alpha-acids, beta-acids, and essential oils. Those components give the beer a unique combination of characteristics, and may even influence its category. There are many ways to identify the hop variety from its acids and essential oils using methods such as chromatography, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. However, these methods demand expensive and complex equipment, inaccessible or unavailable to most beer producers. In this work, we present a database that includes 1592 images of hop leaves, from 12 popular hop varieties in southeastern Brazil. From these images, it is possible to explore methods of pattern recognition and machine learning to classify hop varieties.

Redox and Anti-Inflammatory Properties from Hop Components in Beer-Related to Neuroprotection.

Beer is a fermented beverage widely consumed worldwide with high nutritional and biological value due to its bioactive components. It has been described that both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer have several nutrients derived from their ingredients including vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and antioxidants that make beer a potential functional supplement. Some of these compounds possess redox, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties making the benefits of moderate beer consumption an attractive way to improve human health. Specifically, the hop cones used for beer brewing provide essential oils, bitter acids and flavonoids that are potent antioxidants and immune response modulators. This review focuses on the redox and anti-inflammatory properties of hop derivatives and summarizes the current knowledge of their neuroprotective effects.

Performance of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on three hop cultivars (Humulus lupulus).

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a major pest species in numerous crops including hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Substantial T. urticae infestation was observed to occur in this recently introduced crop in Brazil. The adoption of less suitable cultivars to the pest species is highly desirable for integrated pest management. We used free-choice trials and two-sex life table analysis to determine the preference and population growth of T. urticae under laboratory conditions using three of hop cultivars currently expanding in Brazil (Mantiqueira, Victoria, and Yakima Gold). We also estimated the density of non-glandular trichomes and lupulin glands found on the abaxial leaf surface of these cultivars and correlated them with performance parameters of T. urticae. Mantiqueira appeared to be the least preferred by adult females for attractiveness and oviposition suggesting existence of antixenosis on this cultivar. Female immature stages developed slower on Yakima Gold and Mantiqueira, but no difference was observed between the latter and Victoria. Fecundity and longevity were significantly lower on Mantiqueira than on Victoria and Yakima Gold. No significant differences were observed among cultivars for intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net rate of reproduction (R0), suggesting the absence of antibiosis. Although, lupilin gland densities were higher on Mantiqueira and Yakima Gold than on Victoria, no significant correlations were observed between these defensive traits and performance parameters of T. urticae. However, 30-day population simulations of T. urticae suggest that Yakima Gold is the least susceptible, Mantiqueira is moderately susceptible, and Victoria is highly susceptible.

A Weighted and Distributed Algorithm for Range-Based Multi-Hop Localization Using a Newton Method.

Wireless sensor networks are used in many location-dependent applications. The location of sensor nodes is commonly carried out in a distributed way for energy saving and network robustness, where the handling of these characteristics is still a great challenge. It is very desirable that distributed algorithms invest as few iterations as possible with the highest accuracy on position estimates. This research proposes a range-based and robust localization method, derived from the Newton scheme, that can be applied over isotropic and anisotropic networks in presence of outliers in the pair-wise distance measurements. The algorithm minimizes the error of position estimates using a hop-weighted function and a scaling factor that allows a significant improvement on position estimates in only few iterations. Simulations demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms other similar algorithms under anisotropic networks.

Hopane-type triterpenes from Cnidoscolus spinosus and their bioactivities.

Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Cnidoscolus spinosus resulted in the isolation of relatively infrequent hopane-type triterpenes, 3ß-acetoxy-hop-22(29)-ene (1), first reported here as natural product, together with 3-oxo-hop-22(29)-ene (2), and 3ß-hydroxy-hop-22(29)-ene (3). ß-Amyrin palmitate and three phytosterols were also characterized. The structures of the compounds were established using spectroscopic methods, and those of 1 and 2 were confirmed by crystallographic analysis. Selected biological activities for the isolated hopane-type triterpenes were tested through a series of assays for determining the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, α-glucosidase inhibition and antiparasitic activities. Compounds 1-3 did not show cytotoxic activity, compound 1 displayed an important inhibitory effect in the mouse ear induced inflammation assay, and significantly inhibited the yeast α-glucosidase activity in vitro and in silico. Additionally, compounds 2 and 3 showed marginal activities against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania mexicana. Therefore, the bioactivities of hopane-type triterpenes deserve further investigation, particularly their anti-inflammatory properties.

Possibilidades e potencialidades do rap para adolescentes e jovens cumprindo medida socioeducativa / Possibilities and potentialities of rap for adolescents and young people in compliance with socio-educational measures / Posibilidades y potenciales de rap para adolescentes y jóvenes que cumplen con la medida socioeducativa

Este artigo objetiva analisar os sentidos atribuídos ao RAP (rythym and poetry) pelos adolescentes e jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação. A pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo se deu em Unidades Socioeducativas no estado da Paraíba. Participaram 12 adolescentes e jovens, entre 14 e 21 anos, sendo três do sexo feminino e nove do sexo masculino. Utilizou-se como instrumento uma entrevista semiestruturada e procedeu-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Os(As) participantes ressaltaram o potencial pedagógico do RAP, que ensina a escrever e sociabilizar. Os(As) jovens e adolescentes apontaram, ainda, que se utilizam do RAP como elemento que auxilia no processo de resistência nas Unidades, e como meio de lazer e fonte de ensinamentos. Este gênero musical oferece elementos que permitem aos(às ) participantes engajarem-se em projetos de vida e novas possibilidades de ações futuras.

This article aims to analyze the meanings attributed to RAP (rythym and poetry) by adolescents and young people in compliance with a socio-educational measure. The qualitative exploratory research took place in Socio-Educational Units in the state of Paraíba. Twelve adolescents and young people, between 14 and 21 years old, participated, 3 female and nine male. A semi-structured interview was used as an instrument and Bardin's Content Analysis (1977) was carried out. The participants emphasized the pedagogical potential of RAP, which teaches how to write and socialize. Young people and adolescents also pointed out that they use RAP as an element that helps in the resistance process in the Units, and as a means of leisure and source of teachings. This musical genre offers elements that allow participants to engage in life projects and new possibilities for future actions.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los significados atribuidos a RAP (ritmo y poesía) por adolescentes y jóvenes en cumplimiento de una medida socioeducativa. La investigación exploratoria cualitativa se llevó a cabo en Unidades Socioeducativas en el estado da Paraíba. Participaron doce adolescentes y jóvenes, entre 14 y 21 años, 3 mujeres y nueve hombres. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada como instrumento y se llevó a cabo el Análisis de contenido de Bardin (1977). Los(as) participantes enfatizaron el potencial pedagógico de RAP, que enseña cómo escribir y socializar. Los(as) jóvenes y los adolescentes también señalaron que usan RAP como un elemento que ayuda en el proceso de resistencia en las Unidades, y como un medio de ocio y fuente de enseñanza. Este género musical ofrece elementos que permiten a los participantes participar en proyectos de vida y nuevas posibilidades para acciones futuras.

Structural studies of the Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein of Plasmodium falciparum and its modulation of Hsp70 and Hsp90 ATPase activities.

HOP is a cochaperone belonging to the foldosome, a system formed by the cytoplasmic Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones. HOP acts as an adapter protein capable of transferring client proteins from the first to the second molecular chaperone. HOP is a modular protein that regulates the ATPase activity of Hsp70 and Hsp90 to perform its function. To obtain more detailed information on the structure and function of this protein, we produced the recombinant HOP of Plasmodium falciparum (PfHOP). The protein was obtained in a folded form, with a high content of α-helix secondary structure. Unfolding experiments showed that PfHOP unfolds through two transitions, suggesting the presence of at least two domains with different stabilities. In addition, PfHOP primarily behaved as an elongated dimer in equilibrium with the monomer. Small-angle X-ray scattering data corroborated this interpretation and led to the reconstruction of a PfHOP ab initio model as a dimer. Finally, the PfHOP protein was able to inhibit and to stimulate the ATPase activity of the recombinant Hsp90 and Hsp70-1, respectively, of P. falciparum. Our results deepened the knowledge of the structure and function of PfHOP and further clarified its participation in the P. falciparum foldosome.