The Impact of Physical Activity and Lifestyle on Mental Health: A Network Analysis.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity (PA), lifestyle, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire. PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), lifestyle (Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation), and mental health (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21) were assessed. Mean scores were compared between groups of physically active and inactive participants, controlling for gender, education, and income. Furthermore, associations were made between the variables, and individual network analyses were carried out for each mental health domain. The sample consisted of 353 individuals (age = 33.8 [12.2], 59.2% women). RESULTS: In network analyses, PA was indirectly related to depression and stress through the relationship with other lifestyle domains such as diet and nutrition or through stress management and social support. The same path was observed for anxiety; however, a direct partial correlation was also observed between PA and anxiety, suggesting that PA seems to intervene more directly in this aspect of mental health. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that PA is indirectly (via stress management, diet and nutrition, and social support) associated with depression and stress and has direct and indirect associations (via stress management and social support) with anxiety.

Autocuidado e hábitos de vida de acadêmicos de enfermagem durante a pandemia de Sars-Cov-2 / Self-care and lifestyle habits of nursing students during the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic / Hábitos de autocuidado y estilo de vida de estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia Sars-Cov-2

Objective: to understand how the Covid-19 pandemic has interfered with the self-care and lifestyle of university students. Method: exploratory descriptive research carried out with nursing students from four higher education institutions in the state of Paraná. Data were collected using an electronic form available on Google Forms; those of a quantitative nature were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis, and the answers to open questions analyzed using the Iramuteq Software. Results: 58 nursing students participated in the study, the majority of whom were female (82.76%), with an average age of 22 years, the majority lived with their family. Statistically significant association was observed between Age and "Made friends during remote classes"; Sex and "substance use"; and Year of graduation with eating habits and "Made friends during remote classes". Conclusion: the pandemic especially influenced eating habits, self-care, sleep quality and alcohol and tobacco use among nursing students.

Objetivos:comprender cómo la pandemia de Covid-19 ha interferido en el autocuidado y estilo de vida de los estudiantes universitarios. Método: investigación descriptiva exploratoria realizada con estudiantes de enfermería de cuatro instituciones de educación superior del estado de Paraná. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un formulario electrónico disponible en Google Forms; los de carácter cuantitativo fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo e inferencial, y las respuestas a preguntas abiertas analizadas mediante el Software Iramuteq. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 58 estudiantes de enfermería, la mayoría del sexo femenino (82,76%), con una edad promedio de 22 años, la mayoría vivía con su familia. Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre Edad y "Hizo amigos durante las clases remotas"; Sexo y "consumo de sustancias"; y Año de graduación con hábitos alimentarios y "Hice amigos durante clases remotas". Conclusión: la pandemia influyó especialmente en los hábitos alimentarios, el autocuidado, la calidad del sueño y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco entre los estudiantes de enfermería.

Autocuidado e hábitos de vida de acadêmicos de enfermagem durante a pandemia de Sars-Cov-2 / Self-care and lifestyle habits of nursing students during the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic / Hábitos de autocuidado y estilo de vida de estudiantes de enfermería durante la pandemia Sars-Cov-2

Objetivo: compreender de que maneira a pandemia de Covid-19 interferiu no autocuidado e estilo de vida de universitários.Método: pesquisa descritiva exploratória realizada com acadêmicos de enfermagem de quatro instituições de ensino superior do estado do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados mediante formulário eletrônico disponibilizado no google forms; os de natureza quantitativa foram submetidos à análise descritiva e inferencial, e as respostas às questões abertas analisadas no Software Iramuteq.Resultados: participaram do estudo 58 estudantes de enfermagem, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (82,76%), com idade média de 22 anos, a maioria residia com sua família. Observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre Idade e "Fez amizade durante aulas remotas"; Sexo e "uso de substância''; e Ano da graduação com hábito alimentar e "Fez amizade durante aulas remotas".Conclusão: a pandemia influenciou, especialmente, os hábitos alimentares, de autocuidado, qualidade do sono e uso álcool e tabaco entre os acadêmicos de enfermagem

Objective: to understand how the Covid-19 pandemic has interfered with the self-care and lifestyle of university students. Method: exploratory descriptive research carried out with nursing students from four higher education institutions in the state of Paraná. Data were collected using an electronic form available on Google Forms; those of a quantitative nature were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis, and the answers to open questions analyzed using the Iramuteq Software. Results: 58 nursing students participated in the study, the majority of whom were female (82.76%), with an average age of 22 years, the majority lived with their family. Statistically significant association was observed between Age and "Made friends during remote classes"; Sex and "substance use"; and Year of graduation with eating habits and "Made friends during remote classes". Conclusion: the pandemic especially influenced eating habits, self-care, sleep quality and alcohol and tobacco use among nursing students

Objetivos:comprender cómo la pandemia de Covid-19 ha interferido en el autocuidado y estilo de vida de los estudiantes universitarios. Método: investigación descriptiva exploratoria realizada con estudiantes de enfermería de cuatro instituciones de educación superior del estado de Paraná. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un formulario electrónico disponible en Google Forms; los de carácter cuantitativo fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo e inferencial, y las respuestas a preguntas abiertas analizadas mediante el Software Iramuteq. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 58 estudiantes de enfermería, la mayoría del sexo femenino (82,76%), con una edad promedio de 22 años, la mayoría vivía con su familia. Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre Edad y "Hizo amigos durante las clases remotas"; Sexo y "consumo de sustancias"; y Año de graduación con hábitos alimentarios y "Hice amigos durante clases remotas". Conclusión: la pandemia influyó especialmente en los hábitos alimentarios, el autocuidado, la calidad del sueño y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco entre los estudiantes de enfermería

Healthy Habits Factors and Stress Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in a Peruvian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Healthy habits contribute to the prevention of diseases and, therefore, improve the health-related quality of life of people. However, stress is one of the main risk factors associated with serious health problems in the individual. Therefore, the literature suggests a relationship between healthy habits, stress, and health-related quality of life. Objective: To assess the factors of healthy habits and stress associated with health-related quality of life in a Peruvian adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 540 Peruvian citizens aged between 18 and 60 years. A questionnaire was applied on the Google Forms platform to be completed online, using the "Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire" and the PSS-4 to assess healthy habits and stress, respectively. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQol-5D. Results: In the multivariate analysis, stress was the most associated factor with quality of life. Physical activity, drug consumption, tobacco consumption, rest habits, and a balanced diet were healthy habits associated with quality of life. Conclusion: Physical activity, rest habits, and a balanced diet improve health-related quality of life, while drug or tobacco consumption and stress are associated with a lower health-related quality of life.

[Position of the international forum of internal medicine on habits, lifestyle changes and a healthy environment for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. / Posicionamiento del foro Internacional de Medicina Interna sobre Hábitos, modificaciones del Estilo de Vida y Ambiente Saludable para la Prevención de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly ischemic heart disease and stroke, is the main cause of death worldwide and each year more people die from CVD than from any other cause. These data call for a paradigm shift, where health promotion and cardiovascular prevention will acquire a central role in health policies. From this perspective, dedicating time during the consultation to promoting the acquisition of heart-healthy habits would be indicated in all individuals, regardless of cardiovascular risk classification, the role of the internist being fundamental. This position document from the International Forum of Internal Medicine (FIMI) presents the main indications regarding changes in lifestyle and acquisition of healthy habits to prevent CVD. The different sections will address topics including: nutrition, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, stress, environmental problems related to CVD and specific conditions in women. A section is included about starting CVD promotion and prevention measures at an early age, childhood and adolescence, also mentioning epigenetic aspects related to CVD. Social determinants in CVD are also taken into account, since some of these aspects, such as low socioeconomic level, modify cardiovascular risk and should be taken into account.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), principalmente la cardiopatía isquémica y el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), constituyen la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial y cada año mueren más personas por ECV que por cualquier otra causa. Estos datos requieren la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma, en donde la promoción de la salud y la prevención cardiovascular adquieran un papel central en las políticas sanitarias. Desde esta perspectiva, dedicar tiempo durante la consulta en promocionar la adquisición de hábitos cardiosaludables estaría indicado en todos los individuos, independientemente de la clasificación de riesgo cardiovascular, siendo fundamental el rol del médico internista en su función de médico de cabecera. En este documento de posicionamiento del Foro Internacional de Medicina Interna (FIMI) se presentan algunas pautas para recomendar e indicar modificaciones en el estilo de vida y adquisición de hábitos saludables para prevenir la ECV, que tienen el objetivo de ser una herramienta practica para el médico internista. Las diferentes secciones abordaran temas que incluyen: nutrición, actividad física, sedentarismo, obesidad, hábito tabáquico, consumo de alcohol, sueño, estrés, problemas ambientales relacionados a la ECV y condiciones específicas en la mujer. Se incluyó un apartado acerca de comenzar las medidas de promoción y prevención de ECV en edades tempranas, infancia y adolescencia, mencionando además aspectos epigenéticos relacionados a la ECV. Se tienen en cuenta además los determinantes sociales en ECV, ya que algunos de estos aspectos, como el bajo nivel socioeconómico, modifican el riesgo cardiovascular y debieran ser tenidos en cuenta.

Position of the international forum of internal medicine on habits, lifestyle changes and a healthy environment for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly ischemic heart disease and stroke, is the main cause of death worldwide and each year more people die from CVD than from any other cause. These data call for a paradigm shift, where health promotion and cardiovascular prevention will acquire a central role in health policies. From this perspective, dedicating time during the consultation to promoting the acquisition of heart-healthy habits would be indicated in all individuals, regardless of cardiovascular risk classification, the role of the internist being fundamental. This position document from the International Forum of Internal Medicine (FIMI) presents the main indications regarding changes in lifestyle and acquisition of healthy habits to prevent CVD. The different sections will address topics including: nutrition, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, stress, environmental problems related to CVD and specific conditions in women. A section is included about starting CVD promotion and prevention measures at an early age, childhood and adolescence, also mentioning epigenetic aspects related to CVD. Social determinants in CVD are also taken into account, since some of these aspects, such as low socioeconomic level, modify cardiovascular risk and should be taken into account.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), principalmente la cardiopatía isquémica y el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), constituyen la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial y cada año mueren más personas por ECV que por cualquier otra causa. Estos datos requieren la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma, en donde la promoción de la salud y la prevención cardiovascular adquieran un papel central en las políticas sanitarias. Desde esta perspectiva, dedicar tiempo durante la consulta en promocionar la adquisición de hábitos cardiosaludables estaría indicado en todos los individuos, independientemente de la clasificación de riesgo cardiovascular, siendo fundamental el rol del médico internista en su función de médico de cabecera. En este documento de posicionamiento del Foro Internacional de Medicina Interna (FIMI) se presentan algunas pautas para recomendar e indicar modificaciones en el estilo de vida y adquisición de hábitos saludables para prevenir la ECV, que tienen el objetivo de ser una herramienta practica para el médico internista. Las diferentes secciones abordaran temas que incluyen: nutrición, actividad física, sedentarismo, obesidad, hábito tabáquico, consumo de alcohol, sueño, estrés, problemas ambientales relacionados a la ECV y condiciones específicas en la mujer. Se incluyó un apartado acerca de comenzar las medidas de promoción y prevención de ECV en edades tempranas, infancia y adolescencia, mencionando además aspectos epigenéticos relacionados a la ECV. Se tienen en cuenta además los determinantes sociales en ECV, ya que algunos de estos aspectos, como el bajo nivel socioeconómico, modifican el riesgo cardiovascular y debieran ser tenidos en cuenta.

Revisión sistemática de programas de intervención para promover hábitos saludables de actividad física y nutrición en escolares españoles / Systematic review of intervention programmes to promote healthy physical activity and nutrition habits in Spanish school children

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI, originado porque los niños crecen en un entorno en el que no se fomenta la práctica deportiva. Esto es debido al cambio en el tipo de alimentación y al aumento del sedentarismo. Objetivo. Describir y analizar los principales programas de intervención, basados en la promoción de hábitos saludables (Nutrición y Actividad Física) en la población infantil y las principales estrategias utilizadas para su implantación en los centros educativos españoles. Materiales y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal descriptivo mediante el empleo de una revisión sistemática de la literatura realizada en el mes de octubre de 2022. La población de estudio fue el alumnado de entre 6 y 12 años escolarizados en centros de Educación Primaria de España. Resultados. Se ha identificado que las intervenciones educativas sobre nutrición y/o actividad física realizadas en los centros educativos, resultan positivas en la mejora de los hábitos de alimentación y la práctica físico-deportiva entre los escolares. Discusión. Además, combinando las temáticas de nutrición y actividad física, se fomenta la consecución de hábitos saludables, con el objetivo de prevenir la obesidad y el sedentarismo. A su vez, fomentando la participación de las familias en los programas de intervención se obtiene un resultado positivo en la efectividad de las intervenciones. Conclusiones. La mayor parte de los programas de intervención analizados demuestran su eficacia a la hora de modificar los hábitos alimentarios, además, se produce un aumento del nivel de actividad física, evitando el sedentarismo entre los escolares, y, por ende, disminuir el riesgo de obesidad(AU)

Introduction: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century, because children are growing up in an environment where sport is not encouraged. This is due to changes in dietary patterns and an increase in sedentary lifestyles. Objective. Describe and analyze the main intervention programs, based on the promotion of healthy habits (Nutrition and Physical Activity) in the child population and the main strategies used for their implementation in Spanish schools. Material and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study based on a systematic review of the literature carried out in October 2022. The study population was pupils aged between 6 and 12 years old attending primary schools in Spain. Results. It has been identified that educational interventions on nutrition and/or physical activity carried out in schools are positive in improving eating habits and physical activity among schoolchildren. Discussion. In addition, by combining the topics of nutrition and physical activity, healthy habits are encouraged, with the aim of preventing obesity and sedentary lifestyles. In turn, by encouraging the participation of families in the intervention programmes, a positive result is obtained in the effectiveness of the interventions. Conclusions. Most of the intervention programmes analysed demonstrate their effectiveness in modifying eating habits, as well as increasing the level of physical activity, avoiding sedentary lifestyles among schoolchildren and, therefore, reducing the risk of obesity(AU)

Formación de hábitos y estilos de vida saludables en estudiantes universitarios: una estrategia de intervención / Formação de hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis em estudantes universitários: uma estratégia de intervenção / Formation of healthy habits and lifestyles in university students: an intervention strategy

RESUMEN El presente artículo abordó el establecimiento de una estrategia de intervención para el mejoramiento de la condición física de los estudiantes universitarios cubanos, desde el proceso de formación. En ella, se incluyen acciones para mantener un estilo de vida saludable a partir del autoconcepto y la autorregulación consciente de cada individuo. El objetivo consistió en proponer una estrategia de intervención que tributa a la solución de las limitaciones existentes, tanto en el orden metodológico como en el plano instrumental y propicia la evaluación de la presencia de la actividad física sistemática en la formación de hábitos y estilos de vida saludables en estudiantes universitarios cubanos. Entre los métodos teóricos utilizados se encuentran el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inducción-deducción. Se emplearon métodos empíricos como la revisión documental, la estadística y la encuesta. En la recopilación de datos, se utilizó la medición y la estadística descriptiva para el procesamiento de la información. La implantación de la estrategia utilizó como muestra estudiantes de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas. Como resultado se logra el diseño de una estrategia de intervención que incorpora la práctica sistemática de actividad física y aporta beneficios directos en la calidad del graduado universitario.

RESUMO Este artigo trata do estabelecimento de uma estratégia de intervenção para a melhoria da condição física dos estudantes universitários cubanos, a partir do processo de formação. Inclui ações para manter um estilo de vida saudável baseado no autoconceito e no auto regulação consciente de cada indivíduo. O objectivo consistia em propor uma estratégia de intervenção que contribuísse para a solução das limitações existentes, tanto metodológica como instrumentalmente, e favorecesse a avaliação da presença da atividade física sistemática na formação de hábitos e estilos de vida saudáveis nos estudantes universitários cubanos. Entre os métodos teóricos utilizados estavam os métodos histórico-lógicos, analítico-sintéticos e de indução-dedução. Foram utilizados métodos empíricos tais como revisão documental, estatística e inquérito. Na recolha de dados, foram utilizadas medições e estatísticas descritivas para processar a informação. A implementação da estratégia utilizou estudantes da Universidade de Informática como amostra. Como resultado, é conseguida a concepção de uma estratégia de intervenção que incorpora a prática sistemática da atividade física e proporciona benefícios diretos na qualidade do licenciado universitário.

ABSTRACT This article addresses the establishment of an intervention strategy to improve the physical fitness of Cuban university students, from the training process. It includes actions to maintain a healthy lifestyle based on the self-concept and conscious self -regulation of each individual. The objective was to propose an intervention strategy that contributes to the solution of the existing limitations, both in the methodological order and in the instrumental plane, and promotes the evaluation of the presence of systematic physical activity in the formation of habits and lifestyles health in Cuban university students. Among the theoretical methods used are the historical-logical, the analytical-synthetic and the induction-deduction. Empirical methods such as documentary review, statistics and survey were used. In data collection, measurement and descriptive statistics were used for information processing. The implementation of the strategy used students from the University of Informatics Sciences as a sample. As a result, the design of an intervention strategy that incorporates the systematic practice of physical activity and provides direct benefits in the quality of the university graduate is achieved.

Artificial neural networks model: Neuropsychological variables and their relationship with body fat percentage in adults / Modelo de redes neuronales artificiales: Variables neuropsicológicas y su relación con el porcentaje de grasa corporal en adultos

Abstract There is a growing interest to understand the neural functions and substrates of complex cognitive processes related to Obesity (OB). Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being applied, specifically the perceptron model of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in non-communicable chronic diseases, to identify with greater certainty the connective factors (synaptic networks) between the input variables and the output variables associated. Objective Identify the synaptic weights of the ANN whose input variables are the executive functions (EF) and healthy lifestyles as predictors of Body Fat Percentage (BFP) in a group of adult subjects with different levels of BFP. Methods It was an exploratory, quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative, convenience, and explanatory research. The Neuropsychological Battery (BANFE-2) and the Overeating Questionnaire (OQ) were administered to 40 participants aged between 18-38 years. BFP was measured using a RENPHO ES-24M Smart Body Composition Scale. The perceptron ANN model with ten trials was applied with a multilayer-perceptron. Results The ANN showed that the sensory variables with greater synaptic weight for BFP were Stroop A and B Errors and Successes of BANFE-2, and OQ scales Rationalizations and Healthy Habits. Conclusions ANN proved to be important in the simultaneous analysis of neuropsychological and healthy lifestyle data for the analysis of OB prevention and treatment by identifying the variables that are closely related. These findings open the door for the use of non-linear analysis models, which allow the identification of relationships of different weights, between input and output variables, to more effectively direct interventions to modify obesity habits.

Resumen Existe un interés creciente por comprender las funciones neuronales y sustratos cognitivos complejos relacionados con la obesidad. Se está aplicando Inteligencia Artificial, en concreto el modelo perceptrón de Redes Neuronales Artificiales en enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, para identificar con mayor certeza los factores de conexión (redes sinápticas) entre las variables de entrada y las variables de salida. Objetivo Identificar pesos sinápticos de la RNA cuyas variables de entrada fueron las funciones ejecutivas y los estilos de vida saludable, como predictores del Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal en un grupo de sujetos adultos con diferentes niveles del Porcentaje de Grasa. Métodos se trató de una investigación exploratoria, cuantitativa, transversal, comparativa, de conveniencia y explicativa. Se administró la Batería Neuropsicológica (BANFE-2) y el Cuestionario de Sobreingesta (OQ), a 40 participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 18-38 años. El porcentaje de grasa se midió con una báscula de composición corporal (RENPHO ES-24M). El modelo redes neuronales de perceptrón, se ejecutó con diez ensayos. Resultados El modelo de Red Neuronal mostró que las variables sensoriales con mayor peso sináptico para el porcentaje de grasa, fueron Errores Stroop A y B y Aciertos de BANFE-2, y Racionalizaciones de las escalas OQ y Hábitos Saludables. Conclusiones las redes neuronales artificiales demostró ser importante en el análisis simultáneo de datos neuropsicológicos y de estilo de vida saludable para el análisis de prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad, al identificar las variables que están estrechamente relacionadas. Estos hallazgos abren la puerta al uso de modelos de análisis no lineales, que permiten identificar relaciones de diferente peso, entre variables de entrada y salida, más eficientes que los modelos lineales.

Influence of physician's lifestyle on the prescription of healthy habits to breast cancer patients (LACOG 1218).

BACKGROUND: Healthy lifestyle is capable of positively modifying the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients. We aimed to evaluate how physician's lifestyle influences on the prescription of healthy habits to BC patients. METHODS: An online questionnaire to evaluate physician lifestyle and prescription of healthy habits to BC patients was developed and circulated by e-mail to physicians dedicated to treat BC patients. A multivariate Poisson regression analysis assessed which factors of physician lifestyle could influence on prescription of healthy habits. RESULTS: A total of 267 physicians answered the questionnaire from October to November 2018. In terms of physician lifestyle, 228 (85.4%) had healthy eating habits and 236 (88.4%) practiced physical activity. Overall, 84.3% of the physicians advised their BC patients on the importance of lifestyle modification. Physicians who did not exercise regularly have a higher probability of not advising for health lifestyle (RR 2.48; p = 0.0265) as opposite to physicians ≥ 50 years-old (RR 0.37; p = 0.0118). Obesity treatment and management was performed by 45.3% of physicians. Being a breast surgeon (RR 1.29; p = 0.0025) or radiation oncologists (RR 1.82; p = 0.0025) were associated with not performing obesity treatment and management. About 53.4% of physicians referred overweight or obese patients to a dietitian and/or endocrinologist. Male gender (RR 1.35; p = 0.0296), breast surgeons (RR 1.99; p = 0.0001), and clinical practice in public health system (RR 1.53; p = 0.0012) were associated with not referring as opposed to physicians ≥ 50 years-old (RR 0.46; p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Our survey showed some influence of physician's lifestyle on the prescription of healthy habits to BC patients. Physicians who practice physical activity regularly had a higher probability of advising lifestyle modification and about half of physicians did some type of overweight and obese management.

Building healthy schools through technology-enabled citizen science: The case of the our voice participatory action model in schools from Bogotá, Colombia.

The physical and social environment of school settings are important for health promotion among children and adolescents. Efforts to create supportive environments at the school level can benefit from including community engagement and empowerment processes to advocate for health promotion. The Our Voice model presents a unique opportunity for Latin American students to improve their school environments. The objective of this study was to engage and empower students (9-18 years) from five schools in Bogotá, Colombia to use the Our Voice model to assess and seek to improve their local school environments. This study employed Our Voice's 'citizen science by the people' method using a mobile application for data collection. The Our Voice initiative included the following four phases: (1) Design, planning and recruitment; (2) Data collection; (3) Community meetings for thematic analysis, priority setting and initial design of feasible solutions; and (4) Community meetings with decision-makers to advocate for changes. The citizen scientists identified and advocated for safer physical activity-supportive environments and healthier food and drinks availability. This study allowed children and adolescent citizen scientists to make their voices heard by policymakers and empowered them as agents of change in the process of building healthier schools.

Intervención psicológica para el aumento motivacional hacia la actividad física y la pérdida de peso / Psychological Intervention for Increased Motivation Towards Physical Activity and Weight Loss

Resumen Se presenta un estudio de caso con una joven de 22 años (estudiante y entrenadora de baloncesto) que quería motivarse para perder peso y desarrollar hábitos saludables (buena alimentación y ejercicio físico regular). Se utilizó el modelo "La Jirafa de Cantón" como base de la intervención que consta de cuatro partes bien diferenciadas que son: la "cabeza" o meta; el "cuello" o las expectativas x valor; el "cuerpo" o la autoestima, autoeficacia y autoconcepto; y las "patas" de la base que se refieren a las cuatro vías de obtención de información (experiencia directa, experiencia indirecta, persuasión verbal y síntomas psicofisiológicos). El análisis de datos tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos se realizó mediante triangulación metodológica, midiendo en la participante las partes del modelo de la Jirafa de Cantón de manera cualitativa, y cuantitativamente el bienestar psicológico y la autoeficacia. Los resultados muestran una mejora de las variables motivacionales relacionadas con las partes del modelo, en consonancia con la mejora de las puntuaciones cuantitativas de bienestar psicológico y autoeficacia. También se observó un aumento y mantenimiento de hábitos saludables de nutrición, actividad física y pensamientos adecuados. Estos resultados están en la línea de los obtenidos en estudios anteriores similares.

Abstract: A case study is presented with a 22-year-old female (student and basketball coach) who wanted to motivate herself to lose weight and develop healthy habits (good nutrition and regular physical exercise). The "Cantón's Giraffe" model was used as the basis of the intervention, which consists of four well-differentiated parts that are: the "head" or goal; the "neck" or expectations x value; the "body" or selfesteem, self-efficacy and self-concept; and the base "legs" that refer to the four ways of obtaining information (direct experience, indirect experience, verbal persuasion and psychophysiological symptoms). The analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data was carried out through methodological triangulation, measuring the parts of the Cantón's Giraffe model qualitatively in the parti- cipant, and quantitatively for psychological well-being and self-efficacy. The results show an improvement in the motivational variables related to the parts of the model, in line with the improvement in the quantitative scores for psychological well-being and self-efficacy. There was also an increase and maintenance of healthy habits of nutrition, physical activity and proper thinking. These results are in line with those obtained in previous similar studies.

Decisões Alimentares de Beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família: a Renda é o Único Determinante do "Comer Saudável"? / Food Decision-Making of Beneficiaries of Bolsa Família Program: is Income the Only Determinant for "Healthy Eating"?

Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os aspectos relacionados às decisões alimentares de beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família, no intuito de compreender melhor os hábitos alimentares e nortear o desenvolvimento de ações envolvendo a alimentação desse público. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quali-quantitativo, realizado com 73 beneficiárias do programa, atendidas por uma Unidade de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa-PB. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que os principais fatores levados em consideração para as decisões alimentares foram "preferências pessoais, associadas ao gosto pelo alimento" (91,8%), e "se este é saboroso"(90,4%). O sabor foi considerado como um fator "importante ou muito importante" na escolha dos alimentos de 91,8% dos entrevistados. O "preço", a "preocupação com a saúde", ou se "o alimento é saudável"também foram apontados como fatores influenciadores no momento da compra por mais de 70% das beneficiárias. Nenhuma das variáveis apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com as categorias de renda das participantes. Conclusão: O estudo destaca, portanto, a importância de se considerar esse contexto multifatorial e holístico das decisões alimentares, para intervir mais efetivamente na promoção da alimentação saudável. (AU)

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the aspects related to food decision-making of beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program, to better understand dietary habits and guide the development of actions involving the dietary habits of this public. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study carried out with 73 beneficiaries of the pro-gram, developed at the Primary Health Care Service in Joao Pessoa-PB. Results: The results indicate that the main factors considered for food decision-making were "personal preferences, associated with the taste for food" (91.8%) and "if it is tasty" (90.4%). The taste was considered as an "important or very important" factor in the food choice of 91.8% of the interviewees. "Pricing," "health concern," or "if the food is healthy" were also cited as influencing factors when buying food, by more than 70 percent of beneficiaries. No statistically significant association was found between any variable and the income categories of the participants. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the impor-tance of considering this multifactorial and holistic context of food decision-making in order to intervene more effectively in the promotion of healthy eating. (AU)

Putting knowledge into practice-the challenge of acquiring healthy habits during pregnancy colocando conhecimento em prática - o desafio de adquirir hábitos saudáveis durante a gravidez

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge concerning gestational weight gain (GWG), nutrition, and physical exercise (PE) in pregnant women, and how to put them into practice. Methods A cross-sectional study with 61 pregnant women above 26 weeks of gestation, at the Woman's Hospital, CAISM, University of Campinas. Questionnaires regarding the knowledge of healthy habits (HH) during pregnancy, sociodemographic data, and previous obstetric outcomes were applied. An educational guide with advice on HH during pregnancy and in the postpartum period was offered. Results The average age of women was 28.7 ± 6.23 years, with 85% of them being married; 32% nulliparous; the average body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was 25.4 ± 9.8 kg/m2, and themean number of years of schoolingwas 11.2 ± 3.8. Only 61%of the subjects had received any previous information about GWG during their antenatal care and were aware as to howmany pounds they should gain during pregnancy. Among the 61 women, 85% understood that they did not need to "eat for 2" and 99% knew that PE had benefits for their body and was safe for their baby. Half of the women practiced PE prior to pregnancy; however, only 31% continued the practice of PE during the pregnancy. Conclusion Despite understanding the need for HH during pregnancy, women still need encouragement to practice PE during pregnancy, as well as more information about GWG.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os conhecimentos sobre ganho de peso gestacional (GPG), nutrição, e exercício físico (EF) em gestantes e o quanto elas os colocam em prática. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado no Hospital da Mulher, CAISM, Unicamp, com 61 gestantes acima das 26 semanas gestacionais. Questionários sobre conhecimento de hábitos saudáveis (HS) durante a gestação, dados sociodemográficos, e antecedentes obstétricos foram aplicados. Um guia educacional com conselhos sobre HS durante a gravidez e período pós-parto foi oferecido. Resultados A idade média das mulheres foi de 28,7 ± 6,23 anos, sendo 85% casadas, 32% nulíparas, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio antes da gestação foi de 25,4 ± 9,8 kg/m2, e amédia de anos de escolaridade foi de 11,2 ± 3,8. Apenas 61% das mulheres entrevistadas haviam recebido informações prévias sobre o GPG durante o pré-natal e sabiam quantos quilos deveriam ganhar durante a gravidez. Entre as mulheres, 85% sabiam que não precisavam "comer por dois," e 99% sabiam que o EF tinha benefícios para seu corpo e era seguro para seu bebê. Metade das mulheres praticava EF antes da gravidez, mas apenas 31% continuaram praticando durante a gravidez. Conclusão Apesar de compreender a necessidade de HS durante a gravidez, as mulheres ainda precisam de incentivo para praticar EF durante a gravidez, bem como mais informações sobre o GPG.

Design of an educational strategy based on Intervention Mapping for nutritional health promotion in Child Care Centers.

Early childhood is a critical period for instilling healthy habits to prevent overweight and obesity. This paper describes the development of an educational intervention for the promotion of healthy eating and physical activity among two-to-four-year-old children in public child care centers (CCCs) in Mexico City. Following the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, we developed the Bright Futures multidisciplinary intervention. First, a formative research process to identify the personal and environmental determinants of childhood overweight and obesity, behavioral outcomes and performance objectives was conducted. Then, a matrix of change objectives by intersecting the performance objectives with the determinants was integrated. Bright Futures lasted six months and included 24 weekly sessions, each composed of five phases: warm-up, theory, active movements, relaxation, and hydration. Ad hoc interactive teaching materials focused on recreational activities, and formulated plans for the adoption, implementation and process/impact evaluation of the intervention was developed. IM successfully guided the design of a theory-driven and evidence-based intervention for children in CCCs within a socio-ecological and participatory planning framework. This is one of the first studies in Mexico to use IM in the context of CCCs.

Comparación de mujeres jóvenes con obesidad y normopeso: vivencia corporal, hábitos saludables y regulación emocional / Comparison of young women with and without obesity: body experience, healthy habits and emotional regulation

RESUMEN La obesidad es un problema de salud pública, siendo especialmente importante entre mujeres jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la vivencia corporal, los hábitos saludables y regulación emocional entre mujeres jóvenes chilenas con obesidad y normopeso. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio y diseño descriptivo-analítico. Para describir la muestra se usó el Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) que mide imagen corporal, el Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) para evaluar ingesta emocional, y el Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), que mide sintomatología psicológica. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron analizadas utilizando codificación abierta de la Grounded Theory. Los resultados indican que ambos grupos presentan insatisfacción con la forma y peso de sus cuerpos, predominando en las participantes con obesidad al percibir limitaciones corporales. Las mujeres con obesidad describieron que regularon emociones negativas a través de la alimentación. Las participantes normopeso se caracterizaron por hábitos saludables, como actividad física y alimentación balanceada y en ambos grupos valorizan el cuidado del cuerpo y la estética personal, aunque sólo participantes normopeso presentaron conductas de cuidado efectivas.

ABSTRACT Obesity is a public health problem and is especially important among young women. The objective of this study was to compare the body experience, food habits and emotional regulation among young women with and without obesity. The study had a qualitative approach, was exploratory in scope and had a descriptive-analytical design. To describe the sample, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used to measure body image, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to assess emotional intake, and the Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), which measures psychological symptoms. In-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using Grounded Theory's open theory. The results indicated that both groups showed dissatisfaction with the shape and weight of their bodies, with women with obesity reporting perceived body limitations. Women with obesity reported regulating negative emotions through food. Non-obese participants reported healthy habits, such as physical activity and a balanced diet, and in both groups, body care and personal aesthetics were valued, although only non-obese participants reported effective care behaviors.

Promoción de comportamientos saludables: actividad física y nutrición en adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso/obesidad / Promotion of healthy behaviors: physical activity and nutrition in overweight/obese adolescents

Introducción. El Sobrepeso y la obesidad se consideran un problema de salud pública, por su creciente incidencia en la población adolescente. Para hacerle frente se cuenta con la promoción de estilos de vida saludables como vía para mantener y alcanzar la salud de los jóvenes que se encuentran con exceso de peso. El reconocimiento de fortalezas desde la gestión del joven, se constituye en una propuesta para cambiar o mejorar comportamientos en nutrición y actividad física del adolescente, es así como las cogniciones relativas a la conducta: percepción de barreras y beneficios para el consumo de frutas y verduras y para el ejercicio y la percepción de autoeficacia se consideran como factores que modulan las percepciones de los adolescentes y conducen al cambio o modificación de comportamiento. En la revisión de la literatura no se encontró evidencia de intervenciones multicomponente: cognitiva, motivacional y comportamental en una misma intervención como propuesta para mejorar las condiciones de los jóvenes. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de una intervención multicomponente "Promoción de salud del adolescente" en el IMC y las cogniciones relativas a la conducta específica: percepción de barreras, beneficios y autoeficacia, relacionada con nutrición y actividad física en los adolescentes escolarizados en condición de sobrepeso/obesidad de Ibagué (Tolima). Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuasi-experimental con grupo intervención y control, mediciones pre prueba, pos prueba y seguimiento a los 2 y 4 meses. Al grupo experimental se ofreció la intervención "Promoción de salud del adolescente" el grupo control recibió la actividad educativa anual. El estudio contó con el aval del comité de ética de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y de los rectores de las instituciones educativas, se firmaron consentimientos y asentimientos informados. El análisis se realizó con las pruebas T para comparación de medias, U de Mann-Whitney y g de Hedges para cálculo del tamaño del efecto. Resultados. Al comparar los grupos después de la intervención hay diferencia en las variables de Índice de masa corporal, (p=0,001), actividad física (p=0,042) y nutrición (p=0,010). Post intervención el índice de masa corporal disminuyo en el grupo intervención; el 43,8% paso de sobrepeso a normal, el 47,9% permaneció en sobrepeso y la obesidad disminuyo de 10,4% a 8,3. El tamaño del efecto fue moderado con valor de 0,571. En las mediciones de seguimiento se encontró que en el grupo intervención en la medición de 2 meses después de finalizada la intervención el peso aumento en un 26,74% y disminuyo nuevamente en un 37,32 de los adolescentes a los 4 meses Conclusión. La intervención "Promoción de la salud adolescente" tuvo un efecto moderado en el Índice de masa corporal (peso) y la nutrición, las cogniciones relativas a la conducta no presentaron cambios significativos, ni la actividad física, pero su comportamiento varió en el tiempo. El efecto no se mantuvo en el periodo de seguimiento, por lo que se debe desarrollar de manera continua y buscando estrategias de seguimiento efectivas

Introduction. Overweight and obesity are considered a public health problem, due to their increasing incidence in the adolescent population. To cope with it, there is the promotion of healthy lifestyles as a way to maintain and achieve the health of people who are in these conditions. The recognition of strengths from the management of the young person, constitutes a proposal to change or improve behaviors in nutrition and physical activity of the adolescent, as well as behavioral cognitions: perception of barriers and benefits for the consumption of fruits and vegetables and for the exercise and the perception of self-efficacy are considered as factors that modulate the perceptions of adolescents and lead to change or modification of behavior. In the literature review there was no evidence of multicomponent interventions: cognitive, motivational and behavioral in the same intervention as a proposal to improve the conditions of young people. Objective. Determine the effect of a multi-component intervention "Teenager health promotion" in the Body Mass Index and the cognitions relative to a specific conduct: perception of barriers, benefits and Self-Efficacy related to nutrition and physical activity in teenagers from Ibagué (Tolima) who are in school who suffer of overweight/obesity. Materials and methods. Quasi-experimental study with an intervention and a control group, pre-test and post-test measurements, and follow-up after 2 and 4 months. The intervention "Teenager health promotion" was offered to the intervention group, and the control group received the annual educational activity. The study had the approval of the ethics committee of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the headmasters of the schools. Informed consent and assent forms were signed. The analysis was done with T tests to compare means, U of Mann-Whitney and g of Hedges to calculate the size of the effect. Outcomes. Comparing the groups after the intervention, there is a difference in the Body Mass Index variables, (p=0,001), physical activity (p=0,042) and nutrition (p=0,010). After the intervention the Body Mass Index decreased in the intervention group; 43,8% passed from overweight to normal, 47,9% stayed with overweight and obesity decreased from 10,4% to 8,3%. In the follow-up measurements we found that in the measurement after 2 months of having finished the intervention, weight increased 26,74% and decreased again 37,32% in teenagers after 4 months. The size of the effect was moderate with a value of 0,571. Conclusion. The intervention "Teenager health promotion" had a moderate effect in the Body Mass Index (weight) and nutrition, cognitions related to conduct did not suffer significant changes, nor physical activity, but their behavior varied with time. The effect did not maintain its effect through time. The elements that did not have significant changes in the intervention must be strengthened.

Valoración del riesgo cardiovascular en varones conductores profesionales del área mediterránea española y variables asociadas / Assessment of cardiovascular risk in male professional drivers of the Spanish mediterranean area and associated variables

INTRODUCCIÓN: El riesgo cardiovascular es una de las principales pre ocupaciones de los servicios de salud laboral. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo y transversal en 2944 varones conductores profesionales (487 taxistas, 908 con ductores de autobús y 1549 conductores de camión) y se valoran diferentes variables relacionadas con riesgo cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: El 27,4% de los conductores son obesos, el 25% hiper tensos, un 48% presentan valores elevados de colesterol y un 29,5% triglicéridos altos, mientras la hiperglucemia aparece en el 6,5%. Un 15,8% cumplen los criterios de síndrome metabólico, un 2,6% presentan valores elevados en la escala REGICOR y un 7,9% en la escala SCORE. El riesgo elevado de padecer diabetes tipo 2 con la escala Findrisk aparece en el 13% de los conductores. CONCLUSIONES: Globalmente, el colectivo de taxistas es el que presenta peores resultados en todas las variables relacionadas con riesgo cardiovascular.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular risk is one of the main concerns of occupational health services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2944 professional male drivers (487 taxi drivers, 908 bus drivers and 1549 truck drivers) and different variables related to cardiovascular risk were assessed. RESULTS: 27.4% of the drivers are obese, 25% hypertensive, 48% have high cholesterol and 29.5% high triglycerides, while hyperglycemia appears in 6.5%. 15.8% met the metabolic syndrome criteria, 2.6% presented high values on the REGICOR scale and 7.9% on the SCORE scale. The high risk of type 2 diabetes with the Findrisk scale appears in 13% of drivers. CONCLUSIONS: Globally the group of taxi drivers is the one that pres ents worse results in all the variables related to cardiovascular risk.

Percepção de pais acerca do impacto de tecnologias no viver saudável dos seus filhos / The awareness of parents regarding the impact of technology on the healthy lives of their children / Percepción de padres acerca del impacto de tecnologías en el vivir saludable de sus hijos

The goal of this study is to identify, through qualitative approach with descriptive content, parents awareness about technology impact on healthy lives of their children. Data was collected in two schools, located in the city of Santa Maria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, during the second semester in 2013, by doing fifteen semi-structured interviews. After analyzing the results, it was noticed that the impacttechnologies have on lives of children is clear and negative. It promotes isolation and sedentariness, besides, the interferance on the development of the child, that keeps from seeking other ways of amusement. In this context, the nursing department sees as its duty to guideparents to lead ahealhty lifestyle, and from then on, following as example to improve thehabits of their children. It must be observed the importance of multidisciplinary work, through partnerships that focus on estimulating the care about the health of the children (AU).

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar, mediante abordagem qualitativa de caráter descritivo, a percepção de pais acerca do impacto de tecnologias no viver saudável dos seus filhos. Os dados foram coletados em duas escolas, localizadas na cidade de Santa Maria, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o segundo semestre do ano de 2013, por meio de quinze entrevistas semiestruturadas. Após a interpretação dos resultados, concluiu-se que o impacto das tecnologias na vida das crianças é evidente e negativo. Favorece o isolamento e o sedentarismo, além de interferir no desenvolvimento da criatividade das crianças, que deixam de buscar outras formas de brincar. Nesse contexto, cabe à enfermagem orientar os pais para que adquiram hábitos de vida saudáveis e, a partir de seu exemplo, consigam melhorar os costumes de seus filhos. Ressalta-se a importância do trabalho multidisciplinar, por parcerias que visem a estimular o cuidado com a saúde infantil (AU).

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar, por medio de abordaje cualitativo de carácter descriptivo, la percepción de padres acerca del impacto de tecnologías en el vivir saludable de sus hijos. Los datos fueron obtenidos en dos escuelas, ubicadas en la ciudad de Santa Maria, estado de Rio Grande do Sul, durante el segundo semestre del año de 2013, por medio de quince entrevistas semiestructuradas. Tras la interpretación de los resultados, se concluye que el impacto de las tecnologías en la vida de los niños es evidente y negativo. Favorece el aislamiento y el sedentarismo, además de interferir en el desarrollo de l creatividad de los niños, que dejan de buscar otras formas de jugar. En ese contexto, es responsabilidad de la enfermería orientar los padres para que adquieran hábitos de vida saludables y, con su ejemplo, logren mejorar las costumbres de sus hijos. Se destaca la importancia del trabajo multidisciplinar de asociaciones para estimular el cuidado con la salud infantil (AU).

Ejercicio físico, desentrenamiento y perfil lipidico en niños obesos: una revisión sistemática / Physical exercise, detraining and lipid profile in obese children: a systematic review

Introducción. El desentrenamiento es la pérdida de las mejoras obtenidas por el ejercicio físico/ entrenamiento tras su cese, aspecto poco estudiado en población infantil obesa. Así, el propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos del desentrenamiento sobre el perfil lipídico (HDL, LDL, colesterol total y triglicéridos) en niños obesos. Población y métodos. Los estudios fueron recuperados mediante la búsqueda en siete bases de datos. Dicha búsqueda se limitó a programas de ejercicio físico de, al menos, ocho semanas de duración y su desentrenamiento, y se evaluó el perfil lipídico de niños obesos. Se calculó el tamaño del efecto (TE), sus intervalos de confianza del 95% y la heterogeneidad de los estudios a través de la Q de Cochrane (modelo de efectos aleatorios). Resultados. Cinco estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados para su revisión (n= 330). En general, los resultados intragrupo (postest vs. desentrenamiento) mostraron que, tras el desentrenamiento, el nivel en sangre del colesterol HDL (TE= 0,12) y el colesterol total aumentaron (TE= 1,41). Del mismo modo, los resultados intergrupo (grupo experimental vs. grupo control) confirmaron el aumento del colesterol HDL tras el desentrenamiento (TE= 0,49). Conclusiones. Los resultados de esta revisión sistemática sugieren que el desentrenamiento tras un programa de ejercicio físico no genera una pérdida significativa de los beneficios obtenidos sobre el perfil lipídico de los niños obesos. No obstante, debido al número de estudios analizados y a la heterogeneidad observada en los análisis y en el tiempo considerado como desentrenamiento (de 12 a 48 semanas), se requiere un mayor número de estudios de calidad para obtener resultados más concluyentes.

Introduction. Detraining is the loss of improvements obtained through the participation in physical exercise/training after training cessation, an aspect that has been poorly studied in obese child population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of detraining on the lipid profile (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides) of obese children. Population and Methods. Studies were collected through a search across sevendatabases. The search was limited to physical exercise programs that lasted, at least, eight weeks and the corresponding detraining, with an assessment of obese children lipid profile. Effect size (ES), 95% confidence intervals and study heterogeneity were estimated using Cochran's Q test (random effects model). Results. Five studies complied with the inclusion criteria and were selected for review (n= 330). In general, intra-group results (posttest versus detraining) indicated that, following detraining, blood levels of HDL cholesterol (ES= 0.12) and total cholesterol (ES= 1.41) were increased. Likewise, inter-group results (experimental group versus control group) confirmed the increase of HDL cholesterol following detraining (ES= 0.49). Conclusions. The results of this systematic review suggest that detraining after a physical exercise program does not lead to a significant loss of the benefits gained in relation to the lipid profile of obese children. However, given the number of analyzed studies and the heterogeneity observed in the analyses and the period defined as detraining (12 to 48 weeks), a higher number of well designed studies is required to obtain more conclusive results.