Osificación heterotópica mesentérica como causa de obstrucción intestinal en un paciente con abdomen séptico / Mesenteric Heterotopic Ossification as a Cause of Intestinal Obstruction in a Patient with a Septic Abdomen

Presentación del caso. Se trata de un masculino de 49 años, con historia de un trauma abdominal cerrado con un objeto contuso sin alteraciones hemodinámicas. La ecografía focalizada de traumatismos resultó positiva a líquido libre en la cavidad abdominal en tres ventanas. Intervención terapéutica. Fue sometido a múltiples laparotomías exploratorias con lavados de cavidad abdominal posterior a presentar un cuadro de abdomen séptico Björk 4, quien después de 38 días de estancia intrahospitalaria presentó una fístula enteroatmosférica que causaba un déficit nutricional. En una intervención quirúrgica se realizó el cierre de la fístula enteroatmosférica, con el hallazgo de tejido óseo trabecular en cavidad abdominal, correspondiente a osificación heterotópica intraabdominal de formación reciente. Evolución clínica. Luego de la anastomosis del intestino delgado presentó signos de obstrucción intestinal, a causa de esto, se realizó una nueva laparotomía exploratoria, en la que se encontró tejido óseo adherido al mesenterio del intestino delgado que generó una obstrucción completa, se extirpó el material óseo y se logra restablecer el flujo intestinal liberando la obstrucción en el intestino delgado

Case presentation. A 49-year-old male, with a history of blunt abdominal trauma with a blunt object without hemodynamic alterations. The focused trauma ultrasound was positive for free fluid in the abdominal cavity in three windows. Treatment.The patient underwent multiple exploratory laparotomies with peritoneal lavage after presenting a septic abdomen (Björk 4), who after 38 days of intrahospital stay presented an enteroatmospheric fistula that caused a large nutritional deficit. In a surgical intervention, the enteroatmospheric fistula was closed, with the finding of trabecular bone tissue in the abdominal cavity, corresponding to intra-abdominal heterotopic ossification of recent formation. Outcome. After the small intestine anastomosis, he presented signs of intestinal obstruction, because of this, a new exploratory laparotomy was performed, in which bone tissue was found adhered to the mesentery of the small intestine that generated a complete obstruction. The bone material was removed and the intestinal flow was reestablished, freeing the obstruction in the small intestine

Heterotopic ossification in right popliteal fossa causing arterial insufficiency.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of extra-skeletal bone in soft tissue, which can occur after trauma or surgery. HO in joints can cause pain, hinder mobility, and compress surrounding nerves and blood vessels. We present an unusual case of arterial insufficiency caused by HO in the right popliteal fossa.

Tercer molar heterotópico, etiología y manejo quirúrgico / Heterotopic third molar, etiology and surgical management

Los terceros molares heterotópicos son dientes que se encuentran incluidos en los maxilares y la mandíbula distantes a su sitio de erupción habitual. Su etiología no está bien definida y existen diversas teorías. Estos dientes pueden aparecer en diferentes zonas de las estructuras óseas, teniendo predilección por la mandíbula. Suelen aparecer entre la segunda y la séptima década de la vida, la mayoría de los casos son hallazgos imagenológicos en la consulta odontológica. El tercer molar mandibular es el diente que presenta heterotopía con mayor frecuencia, siendo su localización habitual en rama mandibular y en la región subcondílea. El quiste dentígero es la patología asociada más común. Presentamos un caso de tercer molar heterotópico en rama mandibular derecha de larga evolución, relacionado a un quiste dentígero, el cual se manejó bajo anestesia regional. Se describe la etiología, técnica quirúrgica y consideraciones especiales relacionados con los dientes heterotópicos (AU)

Heterotopic third molars are teeth that are embedded in the maxilla and mandible, remote from their usual eruption site. Its etiology is not well defined and there are various theories at the moment. These teeth can appear in different areas of the bone's structures, having a predilection for the jaw. They usually appear between the second and seventh decade of life, and in most cases are imaging findings. The mandibular third molar is the tooth with the most frequent heterotopia, being its usual location in the mandibular branch and in the subcondylar region. The dentigerous cyst is the most common associated pathology. We present a case of a long evolution heterotopic third molar in the right mandibular branch, related to a dentigerous cyst which was managed under local anesthesia. The etiology, surgical technique and special considerations related to heterotopic teeth are described (AU)

HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT - A SISTEMATIC REVIEW.

Trauma configures the main cause of spinal cord injuries. Patients with traumatic spinal cord injury often develop severe and debilitating outcomes that require multidisciplinary care to adapt patients to their new reality. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is one of the frequent comorbidities in these patients but it still lacks well-established treatments or a gold standard one. Thus, this systematic review aimed to search the current literature for HO treatment and prevention. This study was conducted following PRISMA recommendations (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) and searches were conducted in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science). A total of 193 articles were found in an initial search. After screening following the established criteria, eight articles were included in this review; of these, two reported prevention and the others, treatments. Based on data analysis, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the acute post-traumatic period proved to be the best method of prevention. In cases of mature HO or accompanied by ankylosis, surgical resection proved to be the most effective treatment despite the high rate of postoperative infections. Level of Evidence III, Systematic Review.

A principal causa de lesão medular é o trauma. O paciente com trauma raquimedular frequentemente evolui com incapacidades graves e debilitantes, fazendo com que necessite de cuidado multiprofissional para se adaptar a uma nova realidade. A ossificação heterotópica (OH) é uma comorbidade comum nesses pacientes, mas que ainda não tem tratamentos bem estabelecidos ou considerados padrão-ouro. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo buscar formas de tratamento e prevenção da OH na literatura atual. O estudo seguiu a recomendação Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises (PRISMA) e realizou buscas em três bases de literatura (PubMed, Embase e Web of Science). Foram encontrados 193 artigos inicialmente, e, após triagem considerando os critérios estabelecidos, oito foram eleitos para o trabalho final. Dois trabalhos abordaram a prevenção; e os demais, tratamentos. Pela análise dos dados, o uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) no período agudo pós-traumático se mostrou como o melhor método de prevenção. Já em relação ao tratamento, nos casos de OH maduras ou com anquilose, a ressecção cirúrgica revelou-se como o método mais efetivo, a despeito da grande taxa de infecção pós-operatória. Nível de Evidência III, Revisão Sistemática.

Myositis Ossificans of the Breast Mimicking Breast Cancer: A Case Report.

Myositis ossificans (MO) is an uncommon tumor characterized by a rapidly growing mass following a history of local trauma. Few cases of MO affecting the breast have been reported, and some were misdiagnosed as primary osteosarcoma of the breast or metaplastic breast carcinoma. The following case report presents a patient with a growing breast lump whose core biopsy result was suspicious for breast cancer. MO was diagnosed after analysis of the mastectomy specimen. This case highlights the importance of MO as a differential diagnosis of a growing soft-tissue mass after trauma to avoid unnecessary overtreatment. Keywords: Myositis Ossificans, Osteosarcoma, Breast Cancer, Mastectomy, Heterotopic Ossification © RSNA, 2023.

Atrophic violaceous plaques as the first manifestation of a disorder of GNAS inactivation.

We report the case of a 10-month-old girl who presented with failure to thrive and multiple small atrophic violaceous plaques, with no other findings on her physical examination. The laboratory examinations, abdominal ultrasound and bilateral hand radiography performed were unremarkable. The skin biopsy revealed fusiform cells and focal ossification in the deep dermis. The genetic study showed a pathogenic variant of GNAS.

Efficacy of Ibuprofen after Total Hip Arthroplasty to Prevent Heterotopic Ossification: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / Eficácia do ibuprofeno após artroplastia total de quadril para prevenção de ossificação heterotópica: Revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant randomized control trials (RCTs) to determine the role of ibuprofen, as well as the optimum dose and duration of therapy, in preventing the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). A literature search was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for RCTs that compared the use of ibuprofen versus placebo as prophylaxis for HO in patients after THA. The main outcomes for this study were overall occurrence of HO, occurrence according to the Brooker classification, and gastrointestinal complications. A total of 27 potential articles were identified from the database. Eventually, four trials with 1,153 patients were included in the final analysis. When compared with placebo, the use of ibuprofen is associated with a reduction in the incidence of HO at the 3- and 12-month follow-up appointments, as well as the incidence of Brooker II and III HO (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the ibuprofen and placebo groups in terms of treatment discontinuation due to gastrointestinal complications or the incidence of Brooker I and IV HO (p > 0.05). The existing data indicates that ibuprofen is safe and efficacious in reducing the total incidence of HO along with Brooker II and III HO at follow-up. However, due to the small number of studies, the conclusions are limited; therefore, more high-quality clinical trials are required to develop guidelines for optimal dose and duration of therapy.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de estudos clínicos randomizados (ECRs) relevantes para determinar o papel do ibuprofeno, sua dose ideal, e a duração do tratamento na prevenção de ossificação heterotópica (OH) após a artroplastia total primária do quadril (ATQ). Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita nos bancos de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e Cochrane Library para a obtenção de ECRs quecomparassem ouso de ibuprofeno edeplacebo como profilaxiaparaOHem pacientes submetidos à ATQ. Os principais desfechos deste estudo foram ocorrência geral de OH, classificação de Brooker da OH, e complicações gastrintestinais. No total, 27 artigos foram identificados nos bancos de dados e 4 estudos, com 1.153 pacientes, foram incluídos na análise final. Em comparação ao placebo, o uso de ibuprofeno reduziu a incidência de OH aos 3 e 12 meses de acompanhamento e a incidência de OH Brooker II e III (p < 0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos que receberam ibuprofeno e placebo em termos de interrupção do tratamento devido a complicações gastrintestinais ou da incidência de OH Brooker I e IV (p > 0,05). Os dados existentes indicam que o ibuprofeno é seguro e eficaz na redução da incidência total de OH e de OH Brooker II e III durante o acompanhamento. No entanto, as conclusões são limitadas devido ao pequeno número de estudos; logo, mais estudos clínicos de alta qualidade são necessários para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes em relação à dose e duração ideal da terapia.

Heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury: prevention and treatment - a sistematic review / Ossificação heterotópica no lesado medular: prevenção e tratamento - revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Trauma configures the main cause of spinal cord injuries. Patients with traumatic spinal cord injury often develop severe and debilitating outcomes that require multidisciplinary care to adapt patients to their new reality. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is one of the frequent comorbidities in these patients but it still lacks well-established treatments or a gold standard one. Thus, this systematic review aimed to search the current literature for HO treatment and prevention. This study was conducted following PRISMA recommendations (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) and searches were conducted in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science). A total of 193 articles were found in an initial search. After screening following the established criteria, eight articles were included in this review; of these, two reported prevention and the others, treatments. Based on data analysis, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the acute post-traumatic period proved to be the best method of prevention. In cases of mature HO or accompanied by ankylosis, surgical resection proved to be the most effective treatment despite the high rate of postoperative infections. Level of Evidence III, Systematic Review.

RESUMO A principal causa de lesão medular é o trauma. O paciente com trauma raquimedular frequentemente evolui com incapacidades graves e debilitantes, fazendo com que necessite de cuidado multiprofissional para se adaptar a uma nova realidade. A ossificação heterotópica (OH) é uma comorbidade comum nesses pacientes, mas que ainda não tem tratamentos bem estabelecidos ou considerados padrão-ouro. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo buscar formas de tratamento e prevenção da OH na literatura atual. O estudo seguiu a recomendação Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-Análises (PRISMA) e realizou buscas em três bases de literatura (PubMed, Embase e Web of Science). Foram encontrados 193 artigos inicialmente, e, após triagem considerando os critérios estabelecidos, oito foram eleitos para o trabalho final. Dois trabalhos abordaram a prevenção; e os demais, tratamentos. Pela análise dos dados, o uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) no período agudo pós-traumático se mostrou como o melhor método de prevenção. Já em relação ao tratamento, nos casos de OH maduras ou com anquilose, a ressecção cirúrgica revelou-se como o método mais efetivo, a despeito da grande taxa de infecção pós-operatória. Nível de Evidência III, Revisão Sistemática.

Osificación heterotópica en COVID-19, ¿la asociación aún no documentada? Reporte de dos casos / Heterotopic Ossification in COVID-19: An Association Not Yet Documented? Two-case report

Se define como osificación heterotópica a la formación de tejido óseo en zonas de tejido blando en donde habitualmente no hay hueso. Se trata de una patología rara/ subdiagnosticada habitualmente relacionada con parálisis e inmovilización durante el curso crítico de traumatismos, lesiones neurológicas, síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, cirugías o grandes quemados. En el transcurso de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (nuevo COVID-19), se reportaron casos de pacientes críticos con osificación heterotópica y se interpretó que la magnitud de la reacción inflamatoria, posible efecto propio del virus, y los largos períodos de inmovilización mientras transcurría la etapa crítica podrían ser los determinantes de esta entidad clínica. Durante el período de internación de los casos que describiremos a continuación, el porcentaje ocupacional fue del 166 % y del 200 % y la carga laboral del personal de enfermería, medida por TISS-28, fue de 72 puntos, lo que excedió casi al doble de las posibilidades laborales. Al mismo tiempo, la rehabilitación motora, por parte del equipo de kinesiología, se vio postergada ante la necesidad de atender circunstancias urgentes como la optimización del soporte ventilatorio y la participación en maniobras de cambios de decúbito. De este modo, interpretamos que la gran sobrecarga laboral acontecida durante la pandemia condicionó una inadecuada provisión de movilización temprana que dio como resultado una mayor prevalencia de osificación heterotópica en pacientes pos-COVID grave cuando se la compara con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda por otras causas. Presentamos dos casos de osificación heterotópica en pacientes que cursaron síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda por SARS-CoV-2 en momentos de alta carga laboral. Caso 1: Paciente masculino de 48 años, que ingresó a la UCI por NAC grave por COVID-19. Antecedentes de obesidad. Requirió 31 días de AVM, 4 ciclos de posición prona (192 h total), TQT al día 18, 23 días de bloqueantes neuromusculares y 24 de sedación. Comienza la movilización activa-asistida al día 24 con MRC 38/60. Un total de 52 días de internación. A los 6 meses del alta, se diagnosticó osificación heterotópica bilateral de cadera. Caso 2: Paciente de 58 años, que ingresa a UCI por NAC grave por COVID-19. Ante cedentes de HTA y obesidad. Requirió 39 días de AVM, dos ciclos de posición prona (60 h total), TQT al día 7. Un total de 45 días de UCI y 111 de hospital. Al año del alta, se diagnostica osificación heterotópica bilateral de cadera.

Heterotopic ossification (OH) is defined as the formation of bone tissue in areas of soft tissue where there is usually no bone. It is a rare/underdiagnosed pathology usually related to paralysis and immobilization during the critical course of trauma, neurological lesions, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), surgery, or major burns. In the course of the SARS-CoV2 (new COVID-19) pandemic, cases of critically ill patients with OH were reported, interpreting that the magnitude of the inflammatory reaction, possible effect of the virus itself, and long periods of immobilization while the critical stage was taking place could be the determinants of this clinical entity. During the hospitalization period of the cases that we will describe below, the occupa tional percentage was 166 % and 200 % and the workload of the nursing staff, mea sured by TISS-28, was 72 points, exceeding almost twice the possibilities labor. At the same time, motor rehabilitation by the Physiotherapy team was postponed due to the need to address urgent circumstances such as optimization of ventilatory support and participation in decubitus change maneuvers. In this way, we interpret that the great work overload that occurred during the pandemic conditioned an inadequate provision of early mobilization, resulting in a higher prevalence of OH in severe post-COVID patients when compared with ARDS due to other causes. We present two cases of HO in patients who underwent ARDS due to SARS-CoV2 at times of high workload. Case 1: A 48-year-old man, who was admitted to the ICU due to severe Pneumonia (NAC) due to COVID-19. History of obesity. He required 31 days of Mechanical Ven tilation Assistance (AVM), 4 cycles of prone position (192 total hours), tracheostomy (TQT) on day 18, 23 days of neuromuscular blockers and 24 of sedation. Active-assisted mobilization begins on day 24 with a Medical Research Council (MRC) score of 38/60. A total of 52 days of hospitalization. Six months after discharge, bilateral HO of the hip was diagnosed. Case 2: 58-year-old patient, admitted to the ICU with severe NAC due to COVID-19. History of Hypertension and Obesity. She required 39 days of AVM, two cycles of prone position (60 total hours), TQT on day 7. A total of 45 days in the ICU and 111 in the hospital. A year after discharge, bilateral OH of the hip was diagnosed.

Aggressive atraumatic myositis ossificans in a toddler.

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a benign disorder where bone forms within muscles or other soft tissues. This condition usually follows trauma and is rare in pediatric patients. Here we present the case of a 2-year-old male who developed MO of his right elbow without obvious trauma to the area. Imaging of MO in the initial phase is highly unspecific and obtaining tissue samples through a biopsy can render misleading reports. In most cases MO is a self-limited process with complete resolution, however, some cases may present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in Brazil: challenges and strategies to create assistance and educational networks.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultrarare condition and one of the most impactful disorders associated with progressive heterotopic ossification events. It is estimated that there are 120-150 patients in Brazil; however, currently, fewer than 100 patients have been identified, and the role of a FOP advocacy group (FOP Brazil) has been instrumental for the identification and follow-up of these individuals and families. The aim of this article is to summarize the current status of FOP in Brazil and describe strategies proposed to approach this challenge in a continental size country.

Orthotopic and heterotopic triple negative breast cancer preclinical murine models: A tumor microenvironment comparative.

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer worldwide and triple negative breast cancer is a particularly aggressive subtype. Novel therapies for the treatment of cancer patients focus on the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Orthotopic and heterotopic syngeneic mice are the most common model used to study the TME in preclinical research. Despite this, there are no published studies that address the differences between orthotopic and heterotopic murine breast cancer models at the TME level. In this report we compared proliferation, immune cell infiltrates, extracellular matrix, vascular density, and response to chemotherapy between the mammary fat pad orthotopic model, and the air pouch heterotopic model. Our study shows that the orthotopic tumors form more metastasis, however, the heterotopic tumors grow larger, have a higher FOXP3 cell infiltrate, and resemble more accurately the breast cancer TME. Our findings show that both models are very similar, there are however some differences that should be considered in the experimental design of preclinical studies.

Gravidez heterotópica espontânea: implicações de um diagnóstico tardio / Spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy: implications of a late diagnosis

A gestação heterotópica é uma entidade rara, principalmente se resultante de concepção natural. O diagnóstico é ultrassonográfico, porém a gestação intrauterina concomitante contribui para a dificuldade propedêutica. Neste relato de caso, a detecção foi tardia, a ultrassonografia não identificou a gestação heterotópica e apenas durante a avaliação intraoperatória, por meio de uma cirurgia de emergência devido a choque hemorrágico, houve o reconhecimento. A suspeita de uma gestação heterotópica deve ser sempre aventada quando sinais clínicos típicos (sangramento, dor abdominal) estão presentes, mesmo na ausência de fatores de risco ou imagens anômalas na ecografia. Assim, uma intervenção precoce menos invasiva pode ser realizada, reduzindo a morbimortalidade materna e do feto intrauterino. Este relato de caso destaca uma situação incomum dentro dessa patologia rara: diagnóstico tardio, apenas no segundo trimestre de gestação, sem evidência prévia ultrassonográfica, certificada apenas durante o intraoperatório. O manejo cirúrgico preciso permitiu a manutenção da gravidez intrauterina.(AU)

Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare entity, especially if it is resulted from natural conception. The diagnosis is ultrasonographic, but the concomitant intrauterine pregnancy contributes to the propaedeutic difficulty. In this case report, the detection was late, the ultrasonography did not identify heterotopic pregnancy and, only during intraoperative evaluation through emergency surgery, exploratory laparotomy, there was recognition. The suspicion of a heterotopic pregnancy should always be raised when typical clinical signs (bleeding, abdominal pain) are present, even in absentia of risk factors or anomalous images on ultrasound. Thus, a less invasive early intervention can be performed, reducing maternal and intrauterine fetus morbimortality. This case report highlights an unusual situation within this rare pathology: late diagnosis, only in the second trimester of pregnancy, without previous ultrasound evidence, certified only during the intraoperative period. Precise surgical management allowed the maintenance of intrauterine pregnancy.(AU)

Heterotopía de mucosa gástrica del esófago proximal como causa de distrés respiratorio en un neonato: reporte de caso / Gastric mucosa heterotopia of the proximal esophagus as a cause of respiratory distress in a newborn: case report

Introducción: la heterotopia de mucosa gástrica del esófago proximal (HMGEP) es una entidad clínica poco entendida y probablemente subdiagnosticada, que consiste en la presencia de islas de mucosa gástrica ectópica en el esófago proximal. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un neonato que presenta de manera temprana estridor y distrés respiratorio secundario a mucosa redundante en la región poscricoidea, que prolapsa sobre la supraglotis y ocluye la luz de la vía aérea. El estudio histopatológico reporta HMGEP. Se realiza una terapia ablativa con láser, con lo cual la paciente se recupera paulatinamente. Metodología: se llevó a cabo una amplia búsqueda de la literatura de HMGEP en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, Mendeley y Elsevier, en idioma inglés y español, desde 1980 a 2021 y se incluyeron 18 artículos en total. Discusión: la HMGEP suele ser una entidad asintomática que en ocasiones genera síntomas faringolaríngeos, y de manera infrecuente puede asociarse con complicaciones como estenosis, úlceras, perforación esofágica e incluso obstrucción de la vía aérea como en el presente caso. Conclusiones: además de las diversas alteraciones en la vía aérea que pueden generar estridor y dificultad respiratoria en niños, debemos descartar causas gastroesofágicas subyacentes asociadas con estas manifestaciones, como la HMGEP.logos y expertos en radioterapia permite obtener buenos resultados quirúrgicos y clínicos en la inmensa mayoría de casos.

Introduction: Gastric mucosal heterotopia of the proximal esophagus (HMGEP) is a poorly understood and probably underdiagnosed clinical entity that consists of the presence of islands of ectopic gastric mucosa in the proximal esophagus. Clinical Case: In this article, we present the case of a newborn who started with early stridor and respiratory distress secondary to redundant mucosa in the postcricoid region that prolapsed over the supraglottis, occluding the airway lumen. The histopathological study reports HMGEP. Ablative laser therapy is performed with which the patient gradually recovers. Methodology: An extensive search of the HMGEP literature was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, Mendeley, and Elsevier data base; in English and Spanish, from 1980 to 2021, including a total of 18 articles. Discussion: HMGEP is usually an asymptomatic entity that sometimes causes pharyngolaryngeal symptoms and, infrequently, can be associated with complications such as stenosis, ulcers, esophageal perforation, and even airway obstruction, as in the present case. Conclusions: In addition to the various alterations in the airway that can generate stridor and respiratory distress in children, we must rule out underlying gastroesophageal causes associated with these manifestations, such as HMGEP.

Cartografia dos territórios da escola: mapeando espaços heterotópicos de lazer que possibilitam inflexões de aprendizagem / Cartography of school territories: mapping heterotopic spaces of leisure that enable learning inflections

Este artigo apresenta passos e reconhecimentos de uma pesquisa de doutorado, que buscou abordar e problematizar questões no entorno do sujeito social 'criança' no seu processo de conhecer e aprender no decorrer do 'brincar' nos momentos de 'lazer' da/na 'infância' nos territórios da Escola. Para tanto, se subsidia num movimento de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, ancorada nos caminhos metodológicos desenhados por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa e pós-crítica, tendo como rota a abordagem de uma cartografia. Nesse sentido, teve como objetivo se movimentar com a escola e com seus atores e sujeitos sociais, para 'compreender como a cartografia pode mapear espaços dentro dos territórios da escola, e, desta forma, apontar os acontecimentos de inflexões de aprendizagem, por meio das práticas sociais presentes nos brincares dessas crianças em lugares identificados e denominados como sendo 'espaços heterotópicos de lazer'.

This article presents steps and acknowledgments of a doctoral research, which sought to address and problematize issues surrounding the social subject 'child' in their process of knowing and learning in the course of 'playing' in the 'leisure' moments of / in 'childhood 'in the School's territories. To this end, it is subsidized in a movement of a bibliographic research, anchored in the methodological paths designed through a qualitative and post-critical research, having as a route the approach of cartography. In this sense, it aimed to move with the school and with its actors and social subjects, in order to 'understand how cartography can map spaces within the school's territories, and, in this way, point out the events of learning inflections, through the social practices present in the play of these children in places identified and called as 'heterotopic leisure spaces'.

HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION IN ACETABULAR FRACTURES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF PROPHYLAXIS.

OBJECTIVE: Heterotopic ossification is defined as the formation of trabecular bone in soft tissues. It is a common complication after surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. However, its prophylaxis and treatment are still controversial. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of actions to prevent the development of heterotopic ossification after surgical correction of acetabular fractures. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out with research in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane until August 4, 2020, without restrictions on language and year of publication. Only randomized clinical studies carried out in humans without restrictions based on the dosage of treatments, use and duration of prophylaxis were included in this review. RESULTS: Two studies compared the use of radiotherapy and indomethacin and three compared the use of indomethacin with a placebo or non-indomethacin group. The meta-analysis calculations did not indicate statistical differences between radiotherapy versus indomethacin (RR 1.45, IC 95% 0.97 to 2.17, p = 0,55) and indomethacin versus placebo or not indomethacin (RR 0.85, IC 95% 0.68 to 1.06, p = 0,59). Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to affirm that the use of radiotherapy or indomethacin are effective to prevent the formation of heterotopic ossification after surgery for fractures of the acetabulum. In addition, the number of complications was higher in the indomethacin group when compared to placebo or no intervention. Level of Evidence I, Systematic Review.

OBJETIVO: A profilaxia e o tratamento da ossificação heterotópica ainda são controversos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade das intervenções para prevenir o desenvolvimento da ossificação heterotópica após a fixação cirúrgica das fraturas do acetábulo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS e Cochrane até 4 de agosto de 2020, sem restrições quanto ao idioma e ano de publicação. Foram incluídos apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados realizados em humanos sem restrições com base na dosagem dos tratamentos, no uso e na duração da profilaxia. Cálculos de metanálise foram realizados utilizando o software Review Manager desenvolvido pela Cochrane. RESULTADOS: Dois estudos compararam o uso de radioterapia e indometacina e três compararam o uso de indometacina com um grupo placebo ou não indometacina. Os cálculos de metanálise não indicaram diferenças estatísticas entre radioterapia versus indometacina (RR 1.45, IC de 95% 0.97 a 2.17, p = 0,55) e indometacina versus placebo ou não indometacina (RR 0.85, IC de 95% 0.68 a 1.06, p = 0,59). CONCLUSÃO: Não há evidências suficientes para afirmar que a utilização da radioterapia ou da indometacina é efetiva para prevenir a formação da ossificação heterotópica após cirurgias por fraturas do acetábulo. Além disso, o número de complicações foi maior no grupo indometacina quando comparado ao placebo ou à não intervenção. Nível de Evidência I, Revisão Sistemática.

The prevalence of heterotopic ossification among patients after cervical disk arthroplasty at 5 years / Prevalência de ossificação heterotópica entre pacientes cinco anos depois de artroplastia de disco cervical / Prevalencia de osificación heterotópica en pacientes cinco años después de artroplastia de disco cervical

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and grading of heterotopic ossification (HO) at five years, among patients after cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA). Methods: The CDA procedure with Activ C and M6-C prostheses was performed on 127 patients. The mean age of the cohort of patients was 38.4 years (range 18-49). The mean follow-up time was 58.4 months, ranging from 51 to 66 months. Results: Grade 1 ossifications were present in 11 (8.6 %) levels. A total of 45 (35.4 %) segments showed grade 2 HO. HO that led to restrictions in range of motion were present in 13 (10.2 %) cases. Five years after surgery, 9 (7.0 %) patients with grade 4 ossifications were found only in the M6-C artificial disk prosthesis group. In the analysis of patient survival following the occurrence of HO, all patients showed median survival of 28.3±5.6 months. The group that received the Activ C artificial disk prosthesis showed statistically longer survival (49.5±7.8 months) than the M6-C disk group. Conclusions: In our study 61.4% of patients exhibited HO after a mean follow-up of 58.4 months. In the analysis of patient survival after HO, all patients showed median survival of 28.3±5.6 months. The group that received the Activ C artificial disk prosthesis showed statistically longer survival (49.5±7.8 months) than the M6-C disk group. Level of evidence III; Cross-sectional Observational Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo foi desenhado para avaliar a prevalência e o grau de ossificação heterotópica (HO) entre pacientes depois de cinco anos de artroplastia de disco cervical (CDA). Métodos: O procedimento de CDA com próteses Activ C e M6-C foi realizado em 127 pacientes. A média de idade da coorte de pacientes foi de 38,4 anos (variação de 18 a 49). O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 58,4 meses, variando de 51 a 66 meses. Resultados: Ossificações de grau 1 foram encontradas em 11 (8,6%) níveis. Um total de 45 (35,4%) segmentos apresentou HO de grau 2. As HO que levaram à restrição da amplitude de movimento foram verificadas em 13 (10,2%) casos. Cinco anos depois da cirurgia, 9 (7,0%) pacientes com ossificações de grau 4 foram vistas apenas no grupo de prótese do disco artificial M6-C. Na análise de sobrevida depois da ocorrência de HO, todos os pacientes tinham sobrevida mediana de 28,3 ± 5,6 meses. O grupo que recebeu a prótese de disco artificial Activ C tinha sobrevida estatisticamente maior (49,5 ± 7,8 meses) do que a do grupo com disco M6-C. Conclusões: Em nosso estudo, 61,4% dos pacientes apresentaram HO no acompanhamento médio de 58,4 meses. Na análise de sobrevida depois de ocorrência de HO, todos os pacientes tinham sobrevida mediana de 28,3 ± 5,6 meses. O grupo que recebeu a prótese de disco artificial Activ C teve sobrevida estatisticamente maior (49,5 ± 7,8 meses) do que o grupo de disco M6-C. Nível de evidência III; Estudo Observacional Transversal.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio fue diseñado para evaluar la prevalencia y el grado de osificación heterotópica (HO) entre pacientes después de cinco años de artroplastia de disco cervical (CDA). Métodos: Se realizó el procedimiento de CDA con prótesis Activ C y M6-C en 127 pacientes. La edad promedio de la cohorte de pacientes fue de 38,4 años (rango 18-49). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 58,4 meses, con un rango de 51 a 66 meses. Resultados: Se encontraron osificaciones de grado 1 en 11 (8,6%) niveles. Un total de 45 (35,4%) segmentos presentaron HO de grado 2. Las HO que llevaron a restricciones en el rango de movimiento estuvieron presentes en 13 (10,2%) casos. Cinco años después de la cirugía, se observaron 9 (7,0%) pacientes con osificaciones de grado 4 sólo en el grupo de prótesis de disco artificial M6-C. En el análisis de sobrevida tras la ocurrencia de HO, todos los pacientes presentaron una media de sobrevida de 28,3±5,6 meses. El grupo que recibió la prótesis de disco artificial Activ C presentó una sobrevida estadísticamente más larga (49,5±7,8 meses) que el grupo del disco M6-C. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio el 61,4% de los pacientes presentaron HO en el seguimiento medio de 58,4 meses. En el análisis de sobrevida tras la ocurrencia de HO, todos los pacientes presentaron mediana de sobrevida de 28,3±5,6 meses. El grupo de prótesis de disco artificial Activ C tuvo una sobrevida estadísticamente más larga (49,5±7,8 meses) que el grupo de disco M6-C. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio observacional transversal.

Tratamiento integral de la osificación heterotópica en politraumatismo con traumatismo encéfalo craneano reporte de un caso / Comprehensive treatment of heterotopic ossification in polytraumatism with traumatic brain injury case report

RESUMEN Introducción: La osificación heterotópica (OH) es una complicación descrita en los pacientes con daño neurológico. Reporte de caso: Paciente que sufrió un politraumatismo y traumatismo encéfalo craneano (TEC), con fracturas y déficit neurológico secundario al TEC, quien presentó varias osificaciones heterotópicas durante su evolución, que comprometieron el logro de los objetivos funcionales. Presentó como principal manifestación tumefacción y limitación del rango articular (RA) para la extensión de cadera y rodilla izquierda, lo que mantenía el miembro inferior izquierdo (MI) flexionado, impidiendo la bipedestación y marcha. Fue diagnosticado como osteoma secundario a trauma neurológico y recibió un manejo médico estructurado, que incluyó la intervención quirúrgica: "resección del osteoma y tenotomía en isquiotiobiales", obteniendo mejora del rango articular, logrando la bipedestación y marcha con apoyo biomecánico. Discusión: La fisiopatología se cree que está relacionada a la liberación sistémica de sustancias estimulantes de células madre pluripotenciales, que se diferencian como osteoblastos. Conclusión: Un manejo integral multidisciplinario provee mejores resultados funcionales, lo que contribuye a la meta de la independencia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Heterotopic ossification (OH) is a complication described in patients with neurological damage. Case report: Patient who suffered a multiple trauma and traumatic brain injury (TBI), with fractures and neurological deficit secondary to TBI, who presented several heterotopic ossifications (OH) during his evolution that compromised the achievement of functional objectives. The main manifestation was swelling and limitation of the articular range (RA) for the extension of the left hip and knee, which kept the lower left limb (MI) flexed, preventing standing and walking. He was diagnosed as osteoma secondary to neurological trauma and received structured medical management, which included surgical intervention: "resection of the osteoma and tenotomy in hamstrings", obtaining improvement of the joint range, chieving standing and walking with biomechanical support. Discussion: The pathophysiology is believed to be related to the systemic release of stimulating substances from pluripotent stem cells, which differentiate as osteoblasts. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary comprehensive management provides better functional results, which contributes to the goal of the independence.

Heterotopic ossification in acetabular fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of prophylaxis / Ossificação heterotópica nas fraturas do acetábulo: revisão sistemática e metanálise da profilaxia

ABSTRACT Objective: Heterotopic ossification is defined as the formation of trabecular bone in soft tissues. It is a common complication after surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. However, its prophylaxis and treatment are still controversial. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of actions to prevent the development of heterotopic ossification after surgical correction of acetabular fractures. Methods: A systematic review was carried out with research in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane until August 4, 2020, without restrictions on language and year of publication. Only randomized clinical studies carried out in humans without restrictions based on the dosage of treatments, use and duration of prophylaxis were included in this review. Results: Two studies compared the use of radiotherapy and indomethacin and three compared the use of indomethacin with a placebo or non-indomethacin group. The meta-analysis calculations did not indicate statistical differences between radiotherapy versus indomethacin (RR 1.45, IC 95% 0.97 to 2.17, p = 0,55) and indomethacin versus placebo or not indomethacin (RR 0.85, IC 95% 0.68 to 1.06, p = 0,59). Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to affirm that the use of radiotherapy or indomethacin are effective to prevent the formation of heterotopic ossification after surgery for fractures of the acetabulum. In addition, the number of complications was higher in the indomethacin group when compared to placebo or no intervention. Level of Evidence I, Systematic Review.

RESUMO Objetivo: A profilaxia e o tratamento da ossificação heterotópica ainda são controversos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade das intervenções para prevenir o desenvolvimento da ossificação heterotópica após a fixação cirúrgica das fraturas do acetábulo. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS e Cochrane até 4 de agosto de 2020, sem restrições quanto ao idioma e ano de publicação. Foram incluídos apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados realizados em humanos sem restrições com base na dosagem dos tratamentos, no uso e na duração da profilaxia. Cálculos de metanálise foram realizados utilizando o software Review Manager desenvolvido pela Cochrane. Resultados: Dois estudos compararam o uso de radioterapia e indometacina e três compararam o uso de indometacina com um grupo placebo ou não indometacina. Os cálculos de metanálise não indicaram diferenças estatísticas entre radioterapia versus indometacina (RR 1.45, IC de 95% 0.97 a 2.17, p = 0,55) e indometacina versus placebo ou não indometacina (RR 0.85, IC de 95% 0.68 a 1.06, p = 0,59). Conclusão: Não há evidências suficientes para afirmar que a utilização da radioterapia ou da indometacina é efetiva para prevenir a formação da ossificação heterotópica após cirurgias por fraturas do acetábulo. Além disso, o número de complicações foi maior no grupo indometacina quando comparado ao placebo ou à não intervenção. Nível de Evidência I, Revisão Sistemática.

Prevalencia de la osificación heterotópica tras artroplastia de disco cervical a los 5 años / Prevalence of heterotopic ossification after cervical disk arthroplasty at 5 years

INTRODUCCION En los últimos años, la artroplastia de disco cervical (ADC) se ha utilizado ampliamente en pacientes como alternativa a la disectomía y fusión cervical anterior (DFCA). Sin embargo, se han informado osificación heterotópica (OH) y fusion espontánea después de ADCs, y el desarrollo de OH puede dificultar el mantenimiento de movimiento después de la artroplastia. MATERIALES Y METODOS El procedimiento ADC con prótesis Activ C y M6-C se realizó en 127 pacientes. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 58.4 meses, con un rango de 51 a 66 meses. RESULTADOS Las osificaciones de grado 1 estuvieron presentes en 11 niveles (8,6%). Un total de 45 (35,4%) segmentos eran de OH de grado 2. Las OHs que produjeron restricciones del rango de movimiento estuvieron presentes en 13 (10,2%) casos. A los 5 años de seguimiento, sólo había 9 (7,0%) pacientes con osificación de grado 4 en el grupo de prótesis de disco artificial M6-C. En el análisis de la supervivencia tras la ocurrencia de OH, la mediana de los pacientes fue de 28,3 5,6 meses. El grupo de prótesis de disco artificial Activ C tuvo una supervivencia estadísticamente más larga (49,5 7,8 meses) que el grupo de disco M6-C. CONCLUSIONES En este estudio, el 61,4% de los pacientes desarrollaron OH en un período de seguimiento medio de 58,4 meses. En el análisis de la supervivencia tras la ocurrencia de OH, la mediana de los pacientes fue de 28.3 5.6 meses. El grupo de prótesis de disco artificial Activ C tuvo una supervivencia estadísticamente más larga (49.5 7.8 meses) que el grupo de disco M6-C.

INTRODUCTION In recent years, cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) has become widely used in patients as a substitute to anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, heterotopic ossification (HO) and spontaneous fusion after CDA have been reported, and maintenance of motion following arthroplasty can be hindered by the development of HO. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CDA procedure with Activ C and M6-C prostheses was performed on 127 patients. The mean follow-up time was of 58.4 months, ranging from 51 to 66 months. RESULTS Grade-1 ossifications were present in 11 (8.6%) levels. A total of 45 (35.4%) segments showed grade-2 HO. Cases of HO that led to restrictions in the range of motion were present in 13 (10.2%) patients. Fives year postoperatively, there were only 9 (7.0%) patients with grade-4 ossifications in the M6-C artificial disk prosthesis group. In the survival analysis after HO occurrence, the median survival of the patients was of 28.3 5.6 months. The Activ C artificial disk prosthesis group had a statistically longer survival (49.5 7.8 months) than the M6-C disk group. CONCLUSION In the present study, 61.4% of the patients developed HO at a mean follow-up period of 58.4 months. In the survival analysis after HO occurrence, the median survival of the patients was of 28.3 5.6 months. The Activ C artificial disk prosthesis group had a statistically longer survival (49.5 7.8 months) than the M6-C disk group.