The unified state qualification exam STEP-1 as a marker of the success of the education of pediatric doctors in Ukraine and Bogomolets National Medical University.

BACKGROUND: Ukraine's higher medical education goes deeper and deeper every year in the European integration processes in the field of «Health Care¼ knowledge. Since 2005, the integrated license integrated exam STEP "General medical training" has been introduced in the country to diagnose the quality of training of specialists in all medical specialties. Since 2019, Ukraine, unlike other countries in Europe and the world, has been training specialists in the specialty "Pediatrics" at the stage of undergraduate training. The quality control of the training of specialists is carried out in the form of passing the Unified State Qualification Exam STEP (USQE STEP) separately for each medical specialty (Medicine and Pediatrics). Therefore, the purpose of our research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of the success of the first stage of the USQE STEP-1 by students of higher medical education in the specialty "Pediatrics" with the specialty "Medicine" in Ukraine and in the Bogomolets National Medical University (Bogomolets NMU). METHODS: Analytical references to the results of the first stage of the USQE STEP-1 for the students who have completed theoretical medical disciplines specialty "Pediatrics" and the specialty "Medicine" in Ukraine and Bogomolets NMU, which are provided by the Testing Center at the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Тhe statistical significance of comparative indicators was proved using Fisher's test, with a statistical error that corresponded to the specified value for ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: It is shown that in 2022, applicants of higher medical education of Ukraine with the specialty "Pediatrics" improved the overall success rate by 8.4%, and the success rate of subtests by an average of 10.5%, despite the state of war in Ukraine. The exception was the results of the licensing exam for the subtest component "Biochemistry": compared to 2021, the pass rate decreased by 3.6% in the specialty "Medicine" and by 6.4% in the specialty "Pediatrics". At Bogomolets NMU, the leaders of 2022 were the students of the "Pediatrics" specialty, their success rate is 2% higher than that of the "Medicine" specialty. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the results of USQE STEP-1 by applicants of higher medical education of the specialties "Pediatrics" and "Medicine" in Ukraine showed the effectiveness of the selection of the specialty "Pediatrics" into a separate section of the training of specialists at the undergraduate level in the field of "Health Care". Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the effectiveness of organizational methodological techniques in the organization of the educational process in the conditions of the martial law of Ukraine and Bogomolets NMU as a leader in the training of specialists in Pediatric doctors has been proved.

PHYSICAL HEALTH OF STUDENTS AND DIGITALIZATION OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION: RISK FACTORS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the dynamics of gadget use by higher education students of the Bogomolets National Medical University and to assess technological impact on the physical health of students. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To accomplish the tasks set using theoretical and experimental methods of scientific research: systematic analysis, comparison and generalization of the bibliosemantic method, questionnaires, and interviews with students. Quantitative data collected during the survey of students studying in the «Dentistry¼, «Pediatrics¼, «Medicine¼, «Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy¼, «Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy¼, and «Medical Psychology¼ specialties were processed using the MedCalc statistical software, and there was carried out comparative analysis afterwards. RESULTS: Results: During the quarantine and martial law, medical university students were forced to study distantly or in a mixed format using various gadgets and computers. It is obvious that the physical condition of a person is affected by the duration of their use of various devices. In this paper, therefore, the risks and the researched dynamics of gadget use by higher education students of the Bogomolets National Medical University were identified. Thus, the technological impact on the physical health of students was also defined. Moreover, the data based on the results of height and weigh calculation of higher education students, which used to diagnose types of obesity by anthropometric indicators, were also collected. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: According to the results of the research, it was established that the students of the Bogomolets National Medical University spent a significant part of their study time sitting in the classroom or at the computer (40 hours weekly average). We found that in the process of distance learning, prolonged sitting at a PC or other gadget (as well as general sedentary lifestyle) has affected the female higher education students majoring in 222 «Medicine¼ course their body mass index. The time spent using gadgets both in the educational and non-formal education (self-education) processes has increased significantly. We attribute this fact to the emergence of a significant number of online educational resources in the public domain, the growing number of webinars, trainings, and master classes conducted by both domestic and foreign experts online.

Afrontamiento al estrés académico en la carrera de Estomatología

Introducción: el estrés académico es un proceso sistémico, adaptativo y esencialmente psicológico; es la manera de reaccionar de una persona frente a ciertos estímulos. El del artículo es evaluar el estrés académico en estudiantes de primer y segundo años de la carrera Estomatología. Método: investigación analítica de corte pedagógico en la Facultad de Estomatología de Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por los 42 estudiantes matriculados en primer y segundo año de la carrera; a los que se les aplicó el inventario SISCO de Estrés Académico, diseñado para establecer los niveles de estrés en estudiantes universitarios. Los datos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Predominó el nivel moderado de estrés en ambos grupos, con el 70 y 72,7 % en primer y segundo año respectivamente. Los estresores que más influyeron fueron las evaluaciones de los profesores y el tiempo limitado para realizar el trabajo que solicitan con puntuaciones por encima de 10 en primer año y 9 en segundo. Predominaron las reacciones psicológicas y físicas en segundo año y la estrategia de afrontamiento predominante fue la elaboración de un plan y ejecución de sus tareas con puntuación de 9 en segundo año y 11,4 en primero (p=0,006). Discusión: el ingreso a la universidad y los cambios que suscita, la adopción gradual de responsabilidades y la percepción individual además de los efectos de la pandemia se consideran factores que influyen en el estrés manifestado por los estudiantes; situación que afrontan fundamentalmente mediante la elaboración de un plan y la ejecución de sus tareas.

Introduction: Academic stress is a systemic, adaptive and essentially psychological process; it is the way people react to certain stimuli. Aim: to assess the academic stress in first and second year students of Dentistry. Method: analytic research with pedagogical kind, conducted in Camaguey Faculty of Dentistry involving the 42 students of first and second year of the program. SISCO tool of academic stress was applied since it allows to establish the levels of stress in university students. Data were processed through both descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: Moderate levels of stress were predominant in both years with 70% and 72,7 % in first and second respectively. The most influent stressors were the evaluations and the limited time for accomplishment of assigned tasks with figures above 10 in first year and 9 in second one. Psychological and physical reactions were predominant in second year students, and the most used strategy to face up to stress was elaboration of a plan and carry out its tasks which exhibited figures of 9 in second year and 11,4 in first year (p=0,006). Discussion: university admission and changes associated combined, the gradual responsibilities assumed and individual perception together with the impact of the pandemics are the main factors contributing to the stress exhibited by students; issue faced by elaborating a plan and develop its tasks as it is the preferred strategy.

Guía para la implementación de cursos en red / A guide for the implementation of network resources

Introducción: Los cambios en la educación médica superior, provocados por la pandemia del virus SARS-CoV-2, impulsaron la integración de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación a la docencia en Cuba y el mundo. La Universidad Virtual de Salud se convirtió en un medio importante para apoyar los procesos docente-educativos, por lo que los profesores tuvieron que afrontar el reto de virtualizar sus actividades formativas. Objetivo: Validar una guía para el diseño y montaje de entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje en la educación médica de pregrado y posgrado. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de tipo innovación tecnológica en tres etapas: diseño de la guía, implementación y validación. Se aplicó una encuesta a los participantes del entrenamiento virtual en Entornos Virtuales de Enseñanza Aprendizaje. Resultados: Se propusieron seis pasos para el diseño y la implementación de procesos formativos mediante la virtualidad: análisis de los recursos y la factibilidad; diseño del curso o adaptación de un programa existente; producción de contenidos; subida de recursos y configuración de las actividades; acción formativa; y evaluación del curso, mejora y rediseño. Conclusiones: La integración de la tecnología a la docencia en la educación superior es una realidad impulsada por la situación epidemiológica, que se seguirá desarrollando hasta que forme parte de la labor habitual del docente. Esta guía sistematiza y simplifica las acciones para facilitar el proceso inicial de virtualización. Se propone un modelo flexible y escalable para mejorar continuamente la calidad del proceso docente educativo en entornos virtuales de enseñanza aprendizaje(AU)

Introduction: Changes in higher medical education, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, prompted the integration of information and communication technologies to teaching in Cuba and the world. The virtual university of health became an important means to support the teaching-educational processes; therefore, professors had to face the challenge of virtualizing their training activities. Objective: To validate a guide for designing and assembling virtual teaching-learning environments in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Methods: A technological innovation research was carried out in three stages: design of the guide, implementation and validation. A survey was conducted to the participants of the virtual training in virtual teaching-learning environments. Results: Six steps were proposed for the design and implementation of training processes through the virtual modality: analysis of resources and feasibility; course design or adaptation of an existing program; content production; resource uploading and activity configuration; training action; and course assessment, improvement and redesign. Conclusions: The integration of technology to higher education teaching is a reality driven by the epidemiological situation, which will continue to develop until it becomes part of the professor's regular work. This guide systematizes and simplifies actions to facilitate the initial virtualization process. A flexible and scalable model is proposed to improve continuously the quality of the educational teaching process in virtual teaching-learning environments(AU)

Propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología / A proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists

Introducción: La formación con calidad del capital humano en el sector salud constituye un reto para la educación médica cubana contemporánea. La formación académica, en particular la especialidad, tiene el cometido de formar un profesional con alta competencia y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño especializado, solidez de los principios ético-morales y elevada calificación científico-técnica, por lo que el desarrollo de competencias profesionales resulta una prioridad para la formación de los especialistas biomédicos. Objetivo: Elaborar una propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, de investigación aplicativa, bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos y legales de las leyes de la educación, y de la educación médica en particular. Asimismo, se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Resultados: Se elaboró una definición operativa de competencias profesionales específicas en gastroenterología, a partir del estudio del sistema de competencias y de la sistematización de los documentos rectores en dicha formación. También se identificaron y definieron las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección, que posibilitaron la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Conclusiones: La formación basada en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales específicas constituye una prioridad para la educación médica y la salud pública cubana contemporánea, en aras de elevar la calidad del proceso formativo en la especialidad de gastroenterología y la atención médica que brindan estos galenos en los niveles de atención en salud(AU)

Introduction: The quality training of human capital in the health sector is a challenge for contemporary Cuban medical education. Academic training, particularly the residence, has the task of training a professional with high competence and advanced capabilities for specialized performance, solid ethical-moral principles and high scientific-technical qualification; therefore, the development of professional competences is a priority for the training of biomedical specialists. Objective: To elaborate a proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists. Methods: An educational study of applicative research was carried out under the general dialectical-materialistic approach and based on philosophical, psychological and legal theories and approaches of the laws of education and, particularly, of medical education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were also used. Results: An operational definition of specific professional competences in gastroenterology was elaborated, based on the study of the system of competences and the systematization of the guiding documents for such training. Specific professional competences were also identified and defined in the care, teaching, research and management areas, which allowed to improve the professional performance of future specialists. Conclusions: Training based on the development of specific professional competences is a priority for contemporary Cuban public health and medical education, in view of raising the quality of the training process in the specialty of gastroenterology and the medical care provided by these physicians at the levels of healthcare(AU)

[The comparative analysis of professional standards of specialists with higher and secondary medical professional education].

In 2020, the Mintrud of Russia approved a number of professional standards for specialists with secondary professional medical education. The implementation of professional standards is called to actualize outdated normative base concerning functions of medical workers, including assurance of separation of labor functions and actions of physicians and medical nurses, facilitation of development of job descriptions, and minimizing number of conflicts that occur during process of work activities at personnel functions crossing. The medical organization, focusing on requirements established by professional standards, can more competently develop personnel policy, make timely changes in staff list, establish progressive remuneration system. In this regard, it is useful to learn to what extent approved professional standards facilitate solution of practical problems of medical organizations.The article presents results of comparative analysis of three pairs of professional standards for paramedical personnel and specialists with higher education in comparable specialties. Certain contradictions and inaccuracies were esnablished too.

Competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología / Specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in gastroenterology

Introducción: La formación académica en Cuba se propone una formación con alta competencia profesional y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño profesional especializado, por lo que constituye una prioridad para la Educación Médica cubana dar respuesta a dicha exigencia. Resulta esencial un modelo de competencias profesionales para la formación de los especialistas médicos, que permita el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional en respuesta a las exigencias del modelo del egresado. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Gastroenterología. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, prospectivo, de investigación aplicativa bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos, legales, de las leyes de la Educación y la Educación Médica. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Se desarrolla en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas en el período 2019-2021. Resultados: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas se estructura en el marco epistemológico, objetivos, contexto social, representación gráfica, forma de implementación, así como se identifican y definen las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas: asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección que posibilitan la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Se corrobora la viabilidad del modelo, a partir de los resultados obtenidos de la triangulación efectuada. Conclusiones: El modelo de competencias profesionales específicas diseñado es pertinente, en correspondencia con el perfil profesional y ocupacional de la especialidad, lo que enriquece las Ciencias de la Educación Médica en lo referido a la formación permanente y continuada(AU)

Introduction: Academic training in Cuba proposes training with high professional competence and advanced skills for specialized professional performance, which is why it is a priority for Cuban medical education to respond to this requirement. A model of professional skills is essential for the training of medical specialists, which allows the improvement of professional performance in response to the demands of the graduate model. Objective: To design a model of specific professional competencies for the training of specialists in Gastroenterology. Material and Methods: An educational, prospective, applicative research study was carried out under the general materialist dialectical approach, based on philosophical, psychological, legal theories and approaches of the laws of Education and Medical Education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were used. It is developed at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas in the period 2019-2021. Results: The model of specific professional competencies is structured in the epistemological framework, objectives, social context, graphic representation, and form of implementation; additionally, specific professional competencies in the areas of care, teaching, research and management that enable improvement in the professional performance of future specialists are identified and defined. The viability of the model is corroborated, based on the results obtained from the triangulation carried out. Conclusions: The model of specific professional competencies designed is pertinent, in correspondence with the professional and occupational profile of the specialty, which enriches the Sciences of Medical Education in terms of permanent and continuing education(AU)

Validación de un manual sobre la elaboración de una estrategia didáctica para potenciar el nivel de información sobre la COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina / Validation of a manual to design a didactic strategy for enhancing the level of information on COVID-19 in the medical students / Validação de um manual sobre o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia didática para aumentar o nível de informação sobre COVID-19 em estudantes de Medicina

RESUMEN Introducción: Las estrategias didácticas, en su conjunto, demandan establecer una relación dialógica, constante y triangular entre educadores, educandos y metodologías, aunque el educando ignore o no las metodologías que utiliza el docente para tal fin. Objetivo: validar un manual para el diseño y elaboración de una estrategia didáctica para potenciar el nivel de información sobre COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina. Método: Se elaboró un manual sobre el diseño de una estrategia didáctica empleada para incrementar el conocimiento de los estudiantes de Medicina del segundo año de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, sobre los signos, síntomas y métodos de prevención de la COVID-19 durante el inicio de la pandemia en el país. Treinta expertos nacionales en ciencias de la educación médica emitieron sus dictámenes sobre la pertinencia de la estrategia didáctica y del manual sobre su diseño, y fueron analizados por el método Delphi. El éxito de la aplicación de la estrategia didáctica se valoró mediante la aplicación de exámenes a la población del estudio antes y después de la introducción de la estrategia didáctica en el período 2021-2022. Resultados: El consenso general de los expertos fue de Muy de acuerdo para los fundamentos que sustentan la estrategia didáctica para la educación médica superior y la calidad del manual propuesto. Conclusiones: Tanto la estrategia educativa como el manual sobre su elaboración fueron validadas por los expertos para su aplicación en la educación médica superior y, particularmente, para la detección y contención de la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Didactic strategies, as a whole, demand the establishment of a dialogical, constant and triangular relationship between educators, learners and methodologies, even though the learner is unaware or not of the methodologies used by the professor for purpose required. Objective: To validate a manual for designing and elaborating a didactic strategy to enhance the information level for medical students concerning COVID-19. Method: A manual based on a didactic strategy structural design was elaborated with the porpuse of increase the knowledge for the second year medical students at the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, on the signs, symptoms of COVID-19 and the prevention methods used at the beginning of the pandemic in the country. Thirty national experts in medical education sciences gave their opinions on the relevance of the didactic strategy and about the structural design of the manual, which were analyzed by the Delphi method. The success of the strategy implementation was assessed implementing tests to the studied population before and after the introduction of the didactic strategy in the period 2021- 2022. Results: The experts' opinion concerning the fundamentals underpinning the didactic strategy for higher medical education and the quality of the proposed manual was highly favorable in general consensus. Conclusions: Both the educational strategy and the elaboration of the manual were validated by the experts for its application in higher medical education and in particularly for the detection and containment of COVID-19.

RESUMO Introdução: As estratégias didáticas, como um todo, demandam estabelecer uma relação dialógica, constante e triangular entre educadores, educandos e metodologias, independentemente de o educando ignorar ou não as metodologias utilizadas pelo professor para esse fim. Objetivo: Submeter um manual para a concepção e desenvolvimento de uma estratégia didática para melhorar o nível de informação sobre COVID-19 em estudantes de medicina para validação. Método: Foi elaborado um manual sobre o desenho de uma estratégia didática utilizada para aumentar o conhecimento dos alunos do segundo ano de Medicina da Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, sobre os sinais, sintomas e métodos de prevenção da COVID. -19 durante o início da pandemia no país. Trinta especialistas nacionais em ciências da educação médica emitiram suas opiniões sobre a relevância da estratégia didática e do manual sobre seu desenho, e foram analisados pelo método Delphi. O sucesso da aplicação da estratégia didática foi avaliado por meio da aplicação de testes à população do estudo antes e após a introdução da estratégia didática no período 2021-2022. Resultados: O consenso geral dos especialistas foi Fortemente concordante para os fundamentos que sustentam a estratégia didática para a formação médica superior e a qualidade do manual proposto. Conclusões: Tanto a estratégia educativa como o manual sobre a sua elaboração foram validados por especialistas para a sua aplicação no ensino superior médico e, em particular, para a deteção e contenção da COVID-19.

Curriculum reform of Higher Medical Education based on education outcome: learning outcome framework and competency requirements / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The establishment of outcome-based or competency-based education is an important feature of today's curriculum plans. This paper reviews the development and application of outcome-based education (OBE) in medical education. Based on the concept of OBE, the curriculum framework system of Higher Medical Education is reformed and optimized, and the frameworks of course learning outcome, curriculum teaching theme and curriculum competency are redesigned and determined. Outcome-based curriculum reform reflects the requirements of global healthcare education for medical talents in the new era. Driven by the learning outcomes of postgraduates, the curriculum reform focuses on cultivating the postgraduates' recognition, understanding, analysis and research of the phenomena and problem-solving abilities in medical education by providing courses with different teaching topics, clear learning objectives and requirements. The systematic improvement of teaching quality is helpful to further promote the scientific research of medical education and the cultivation of professional talents in medical education management.

Application of blended learning in medical education in the world / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To discuss the application and effects of blended learning (B-Learning) mode in medical courses and education at home and abroad.Methods:Based on the identified keywords, the research retrieved 93 relevant literature from 2000 to 2017 in journal databases (e.g. Premier, Cinahl and Medline), and published journals. After two rounds of analysis, 19 domestic and foreign literature were obtained, which evaluated the application and teaching effects of the B-Learning mode in the context of medical education. Among them, there were control studies and qualitative studies.Results:There are differences in the implementation and implementation of the B-Learning model in various countries; the teaching intervention measures and the scope of intervention of the B-Learning teaching model are diverse; the B-Learning model can make up for the gap between the theoretical and practical courses in the medical education process. It helps medical students to master their knowledge and improve their clinical skills; it is necessary for teachers to carefully design teaching courses and teaching research before class to improve the teaching effect of B-Learning.Conclusion:Combining modern educational technology with traditional teaching methods can effectively improve the medical knowledge level and clinical practice skills of medical students.

Bibliometric analysis of the MOOC application in higher medical education in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application status and development trend of massive open online course (MOOC) in the field of higher medical education in China, so as to provide the reference for future research in this field.Methods:The related literatures collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data service platform, VIP database and China Biology Medicine disc were searched from their inception to March 1st, 2020, and the statistical analysis was carried out on the annual volume, journal distribution, fund support, author distribution, cited frequency, literature type and high-frequency keywords by using the bibliometrics method. The extracted data was set up in Excel 2010, and descriptive statistics was made by frequency analysis.Results:The study collected 754 articles, which were included in 262 journals, mainly medical education journals. The funding rate reached 50%. Huang Ping, Zhang Xin, Li Xinhui and seven others were core authors. Basic medical curriculum application research represented by human anatomy was the most. MOOC application research focused on theoretical curriculum. The curriculum evaluation included such five aspects as terminal evaluation, formative evaluation, platform assessment, comprehensive ability and autonomous learning ability. The research focus was the mixed teaching mode based on MOOC and its application in nursing education, traditional Chinese medicine education and continuing medical education.Conclusion:In the past five years, MOOC has developed rapidly in China's higher medical education, and the core authors have formed, but there is a lack of in-depth cooperation. In the future, we should increase the applied research of experimental (training) courses, and further improve the design of experimental research and curriculum evaluation system.

Estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de primer año de Estomatología de Camagüey

RESUMEN El estudio de los estilos de aprendizaje representa una herramienta para contribuir al proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, por lo que constituye un tema de vital importancia. Objetivo: analizar los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera Estomatología. Método: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por los 22 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera matriculados en el curso 2019-2020. Los métodos del nivel teórico incluyeron: análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo y el método empírico utilizado fue el Cuestionario de Estilos de Aprendizaje de Honey-Alonso. Para el análisis de los resultados obtenidos se empleó un baremo de interpretación. Resultados: El estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo tiene la preferencia entre los estudiantes con un 54,4%. En los varones el estilo teórico se presenta con igual frecuencia. Conclusiones: El estudio realizado permite un proceso docente educativo centrado en las individualidades de los educandos.

ABSTRACT The study of the learning styles is a tool which contributes to the teaching learning process, therefore is a topic of vital importance. Objective: To analyze the learning styles of first year students of Dentistry degree. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Dental Faculty of Camaguey. The 22 first year students registered for 2019-2020 academic year were included in the study. Theoretical methods included: documents review, analysis - synthesis, and induction-deduction while the empirical methods applied was the Honey-Alonso questionnaire of learning styles. An interpretation scale was used to analyze the results. Results: The reflexive learning is the preferred one among all the students with 54, 4%. The theoretical style presents with the same frequency in males. Conclusions: The research performed allows to conduct a teaching learning process centered in the individual features of students.

[Organization of practical training at the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University]. / Organizatsiya prakticheskikh zanyatii na kafedre sudebnoi meditsiny PSPbGMU im. akad. I.P. Pavlova.

Objective -to outline the basic principles and content of practical training in forensic medicine in a medical University. The historically formed system of teaching at the department and its material and technical equipment make it possible to effectively conduct the practical classes in various forms of education. The current structure of the practical lesson allows students to be taught at a high professional level and follows the basic principles of teaching the subject. The analysis of the practical classes' organization at the department shows the effectiveness of teaching and the successful development of the studied discipline.

[Some features of teaching jurisprudence at a medical university]. / Nekotorye osobennosti prepodavaniya pravovedeniya v meditsinskom vuze.

Objective - consideration of the importance of not only legal but also educational, moral aspects in the professional training of a medical university students based on the analysis of teaching and research collegial experience. The considered features of the educational process' organization in «Jurisprudence¼ in a medical university is built on the basis of general provisions including conducting lectures, practical, seminars, independent work, current and final control of knowledge, on the one hand. On the other hand, from private teaching methods, ways and methods including storytelling, discussion, «case study¼, «brainstorming¼, business game, group analysis, etc. The educational process in «Jurisprudence¼ in addition to solving the issues of the curriculum includes a set of educational measures in the form of communicative, analytical and organizational skills' development.

Estrategias de aprendizaje motivacionales utilizadas por estudiantes del primer año de Estomatología en Camagüey / Motivational learning strategies used by first-year dental medicine students from Camagüey

Introducción: Las estrategias motivacionales enmarcan procedimientos para promover estados emocionalmente adaptativos, gestionar el bienestar personal, y permitir el óptimo desempeño cognitivo y conductual. En el ámbito académico favorecen el aprendizaje y el rendimiento. Objetivo: Determinar las estrategias de aprendizaje motivacionales utilizadas por los estudiantes de primer año de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología de Camagüey. El universo estuvo constituido por los 22 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera, matriculados en el curso 2019-2020, a los cuales se les aplicó la Escala de Estrategias Motivacionales del Aprendizaje. Para el estudio se seleccionaron 42 ítems del total de 78 que componían el cuestionario de la Escala. Los datos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Entre las estrategias más utilizadas se encontraron las relacionadas con el componente valor (59,1 por ciento en el sexo femenino) y el componente afectividad (53,3 por ciento en el masculino). La estrategia de valoración de consecución fue la más utilizada por hembras (80,3 por ciento) y varones (73,3 por ciento), seguida por la de generación de expectativas positivas (80 por ciento del sexo masculino). Conclusiones: Las estrategias de valoración de consecución y generación de expectativas positivas resultaron las más utilizadas en ambos sexos. Se corroboró la necesidad del desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de un mayor número de estrategias motivacionales. Se favorecieron aquellas que propiciaban un aprendizaje efectivo(AU)

Introduction: Motivational strategies involve procedures for promoting emotionally adaptive states, for managing individual well-being, as well as for allowing optimal cognitive and behavioral performance. In the academic field, they improve learning and performance. Objective: To determine motivational learning strategies used by first-year dental medicine students from University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out in the Dental Medicine School of Camagüey. The universe consisted of 22 first-year students enrolled in the 2019-2020 academic year to whom the Motivational Learning Strategies Scale was applied. For the study, 42 items were chosen out of the total of 78 that made up the Scale's questionnaire. The data were processed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the most used strategies were those related to the component value (59.1percent in the female sex) and the component affectivity (53.3 percent in the male sex). The achievement assessment strategy was the most used by females (80.3 percent ) and males (73.3 percent ), followed by generation of positive expectations (80 percent by males). Conclusions: The strategies for assessing achievement and generating positive expectations were the most used in both sexes. The need for developing and improving a greater number of motivational strategies was confirmed. Those that improved effective learning were encouraged(AU)

[ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL PROBLEMS OF DISTANCE LEARNING OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC].

In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, since March 2020, medical universities in different countries have been forced to switch to distance or blended learning formats. The article discusses the limitations and advantages of distance learning through a meta-analysis of the research results and the authors' own experience. The article describes different options for conducting current classes, intermediate and final online certification, the peculiarities of establishing new methods of communication and changes in student-teacher communication. Practical recommendations are offered for solving organizational, methodical, educational, technical and informational problems of RUDN University and A. I. Yevdokimov MSMSU, associated with distance learning of future doctors.

El Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes "Frank País" en el ámbito de la Educación Médica Superior / Frank País student teachers' movement in the context of Higher Medical Education

Introducción: La creación del Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes "Frank País" fue una valiosa solución de la Revolución cubana al éxodo de profesores universitarios que tuvo lugar en los primeros años de la década de 1960. Este se fundó con el propósito de asegurar la formación de los futuros profesores, investigadores y especialistas, y satisfacer las exigencias del desarrollo de la salud pública cubana. Objetivo: Caracterizar el devenir histórico del Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes "Frank País" en el ámbito de la Educación Médica Superior. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de revisión bibliográfica a través del motor de búsqueda Google Académico, en español e inglés, y sin límite de tiempo. Se emplearon los términos: "Alumnos Ayudantes", "Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes", "MAA", "medicina" y "ciencias médicas". Luego de aplicar criterios de inclusión/exclusión se seleccionaron 25 artículos científicos con suficiente calidad y actualidad. Conclusiones: Este Movimiento representa un encomiable logro de la Educación Superior revolucionaria cubana y es expresión, desde su génesis misma, del inmarcesible espíritu de nuestro pueblo de crecerse ante las dificultades y de la constante voluntad del Gobierno revolucionario de posicionar a la educación en un escaño prioritario. Constituye una herramienta formidable, pero insuficientemente empleada para la formación de profesionales del más alto nivel asistencial, docente e investigativo(AU)

Introduction: The creation of Frank País Student Teachers' Movement was a valuable solution of the Cuban Revolution to the exodus of university professors that took place in the early 1960s. It was founded with the purpose of ensuring the formation of future professors, researchers and specialists, as well as meeting the demands of the development of Cuban public health. Objective: To characterize the historical evolution of Frank País Student Teachers' Movement in the field of higher medical education. Methods: A bibliographic review study was carried out using the Google Scholar search engine, in Spanish and English, and without a time limit. The following terms were used: alumno ayudante [student teacher], movimiento de alumnos ayudantes [student teachers' movement], MAA (as it stands in Spanish), Medicina [Medicine] and ciencias médicas [medical sciences]. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 scientific articles with sufficient quality and timeliness were finally selected. Conclusions: This Movement represents a formidable achievement of Cuban revolutionary higher education and is an expression, from its very genesis, of our people's unfading spirit to grow during times of difficulties, as well as the revolutionary government's constant will to give education a priority place. It is a formidable tool, but insufficiently used for the training of professionals of the highest level of care, teaching and research(AU)

Organizational, regulatory and legal aspects of european integration of higher medical education in ukraine: a critical review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The main purpose of this research is to conduct the theoretical and applied study of the legal profile enforcement for state attestation of medical graduates, the relevant legislative system, and its effectiveness; to identify the issues of special legislative requirements, as well as the search for ways to resolve it. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Basic methods: analysis, synthesis and comparison. Object of research: system of state certification of graduates of medical sciences. Investigation of this topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: firstly, the basic principles of the state integrated qualification exam were determined and analyzed; then the legal enforcement for integrated state qualification exam of master's degree in discipline "22 Health Care" was considered. Also, a critical review of Ukrainian normative base for holding the state attestation of medical graduates was conducted. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In view of foregoing, we can make a conclusion that in the modern globalization world, competition of national educational services should be ensured by a range of different activities: legal, organizational, financial, etc. The legal direction, domestic rules should correspond to similar, uniform rules and practices of the most effective state (regional, international) systems.

El pase de visita desde la perspectiva médico-pedagógica / Patient round from a medical and pedagogical point of view

Introducción: Durante la formación de pregrado del médico general, el estudiante en el rol de médico se apropia de los contenidos de la profesión y desarrolla modos de actuación según las exigencias curriculares y, al mismo tiempo, se aprehende de las bases legales y éticas de su futura actividad profesional. Objetivo: Realizar una reflexión valorativa del pase de visita desde una perspectiva médico-pedagógica. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con enfoque pedagógico en el hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo. Se utilizaron los siguientes métodos: análisis-síntesis, estudio documental, sistémico estructural y la sistematización. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas de la salud (SciELO, LILACS, REDALYC), con el uso de los siguientes descriptores: pase de visita, educación médica, educación en el trabajo. Resultados: Durante la implementación del pase de visita en escenarios de la atención médica, la interacción estudiante-profesor-GBT potenció el aprendizaje del primero con una actitud protagónica en su autoaprendizaje, promovió un vínculo entre la enseñanza médica y la práctica médica mediante la interacción con el paciente, y el aprendizaje grupal a través de su socialización en el GBT. Conclusiones: Se precisan esencialidades sobre los fundamentos pedagógicos y didácticos del pase de visita y se declara un principio didáctico que determina su dinámica: principio de la interacción sinérgica entre profesor, estudiante, miembros del grupo de trabajo y el paciente en su contexto familiar y social durante el desarrollo del pase de visita(AU)

Introduction: During the undergraduate medical practitioner training, the student assuming the role of the physician undertake actions according to the curricular requirements and content of the profession; and at the same time, acquires the legal and ethical foundations to be used in his future professional career. Objective: To evaluate the patient round from a medical and pedagogical point of view. Method: A pedagogically-focused descriptive study was conducted at the Hospital "Dr. Agostinho Neto" in Guantanamo. The methods used were: analysis-synthesis, documentary study, the systemic-structural method and systematization. A bibliographic review was carried out in the following medical databases (SciELO, LILACS, REDALYC), using the following descriptors: patient round, medical education, education at work. Results: During the patient rounding implementation in healthcare sittings, the student-professor-basic work team interaction enhanced the learning process of the students, giving them a leading role in their self-learning skills. It also promoted a link between medical education and medical practice through the interaction with the patient; and group learning through socialization with the work team. Conclusions: Essential information on the pedagogical and didactic foundations of the patient round was pointed out. A didactic principle is found in the process, defining the dynamics of the patient round: principle of synergistic interaction between professor, student, members of the basic work team, and the patient in his/her family and social environment during the patient rounding process(AU)

Estrategia de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo / Strategy to face COVID-19 at the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia de la COVID-19, al igual que en otras esferas de la vida social, ha tenido impacto en la educación médica. Objetivo: Exponer las experiencias de la aplicación de la estrategia de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en el proceso formativo de pregrado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con recolección retrospectiva de la información, mediante la revisión documental de las resoluciones dictadas por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba y las que emergieron desde estas en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo para la reorganización del proceso formativo de pregrado durante la pandemia. Resultados: En el proceso formativo de pregrado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo, la estrategia de enfrentamiento a esta pandemia se sustentó en cuatro pilares básicos: capacitación de los estudiantes, profesores y trabajadores en temas de bioseguridad y protocolos de enfrentamiento, ajustes curriculares en cada una de las carreras de las ciencias médicas, utilización de la educación a distancia mediante el uso de plataformas virtuales y la incorporación de los estudiantes y profesores a la pesquisa activa. Se explicitaron los contenidos de cada uno de ellos. Conclusiones: La estrategia de enfrentamiento a esta pandemia determinó modificaciones en el proceso formativo de pregrado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo, acordes a las exigencias sociales del país, lo que asegura la continuidad del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic as well as other spheres of social life have had great impact in medical education. Objective: To promote the experiences acquired during the application of the strategy to confront the COVID-19 pandemic within the undergraduate training process at the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo. Method: A descriptive study collecting historical information of the topic was carried out, making a documental analysis of the Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba decisions issued, and the ones issued by the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo to reorganize the undergraduate training process during the pandemic. Results: The undergraduate training process at the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo used a strategy to confront the pandemic formed by 4 main basis: students, professors and workers training in biosafety requirements and confrontational protocols, curricular adjustments in each medical science major, the use of a distance learning program based on the virtual platforms, and the active epidemiologic inquiries made by students and professors. All details were explicitly informed. Conclusions: The strategy used to confront the pandemic caused some modifications in the undergraduate training process at the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo, following to the social demands in Cuba, which ensure the continuity of the teaching-learning process.