[Progress on historical evolution, clinical application, and pharmacological effects of Dachaihu Decoction and predictive analysis of its quality markers].

Dachaihu Decoction is a classic prescription with the function of harmonizing Shaoyang and purging away internal stasis of heat, which was specially developed by Master ZHANG Zhongjing for the concurrent disease of Shaoyang and Yangming. A large number of international studies have shown that Dachaihu Decoction has liver protection, gallbladder benefit, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects and is mostly used in modern clinical treatment of acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and other digestive diseases. This paper combined bibliography and statistics and selected the ancient book database and CNKI database to search the relevant literature on Dachaihu decoction, verify the composition and dosage, processing method, main diseases, and modern clinical application, and predict its quality markers(Q-markers) based on the "five principles" of Q-markers. The results suggest that saikosaponin a, baicalin, and 6-gingerol can be selected as potential Q-markers for Dachaihu Decoction, so as to provide a basis for the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine and the development and application of compound preparations.

[Research progress on processing history evolution, chemical constituents, and pharmacological action of Scorpio].

Scorpio is a valuable Chinese animal medicine commonly used in clinical practice in China. It is the main drug in the treatment of liver wind internal movement caused by various reasons throughout the history of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with the effects of relieving wind and spasm, dredging collaterals, relieving pain, and eliminating toxin and mass. Scorpio is poisonous and often used as medicine after processing. There are records of its processing as early as the Song Dynasty. Afterward, there were more than 15 processing methods, including frying with vinegar, neat processing, and stir-frying. After processing, the fishy smell could be removed to correct the taste, and the toxicity could be reduced, which was beneficial to clinical application. At present, the main reported components in Scorpio are protein polypeptides, alkaloids, and lipids, with many pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-bacteria. In this study, the historical evolution of processing, chemical constituents, and pharmacological action of Scorpio were discussed in order to provide references for the related research on Scorpio.

Ancient Literature Analysis and Modern Clinical Application of Famous Classical Formula Huagaisan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo sort out the historical evolution， prescription evolution and modern clinical application of Huagaisan. MethodHuagaisan and its synonym Huagaitang are used as keywords to search the databases of Traditional Chinese Medicine Think Tank， Chinese Medical Dictionary， Airusheng Chinese Medical Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， we obtained the information of ancient books and modern clinical research literature related to Huagaisan， and systematically reviewed and analyzed the historical origin， prescription composition， preparation method， dosage， efficacy， medicinal material origin， processing method and modern clinical application of Huagaisan. ResultA total of 198 pieces of ancient book information were included， involving 93 ancient Chinese medicine books. Huagaisan was composed of fried Perillae Fructus， red Poria， fried Mori Cortex， Citri Eoxcarpium Rubrum， stir-fried Armeniacae Semen Amarum， Ephedrae Herba and fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， which had the efficacy of promoting the lungs and relieving epidemiological symptoms， expelling phlegm and relieving cough， and treating cough with wind-cold bundled epidemiological symptoms and stagnation of phlegm and Qi. The preparation method was suggested as boiling powder， crushing the seven herbs into coarse particles， the dosage of each drug was fried Perillae Fructus of 1.27 g， red Poria of 1.27 g， fried Mori Cortex of 1.27 g， Citri Eoxcarpium Rubrum of 1.27 g， stir-fried Armeniacae Semen Amarum of 1.27 g， Ephedrae Herba of 1.27 g and fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma of 0.64 g， taking 8.26 g when decocting， adding 300 mL of water， decocting to 210 mL， removing the dregs， and taking it warmly after meals. Twenty-one clinical research papers were included to analyze the modern clinical application of Huagaisan， which was mainly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as pneumonia， asthma， bronchitis and so on. ConclusionThis paper has verified and summarized the key information of the famous classical formula Huagaisan， which can provide a detailed reference basis for the development and clinical application of its compound preparation.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Progress of Processing of Scutellariae Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting ancient herbal books and modern literature， this paper systematically sorted out and researched the processing history， relevant processing norms in recent years， modern processing technology， chemical composition changes of processed products and their pharmacological mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， in order to provide a basis for the further development of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces. According to the textual research of ancient books， there were many kinds of processing auxiliary materials of Scutellariae Radix， such as wine， vinegar， salt， honey， pig bile and so on， among which the wine processing was the most diverse and detailed， and the processed products such as raw products， stir-fried products， wine-processed products， fried charcoal products were still in use. The modern processing techniques of Scutellariae Radix mainly focus on the processing aspects of softening and slicing， wine processing and charcoal frying， and the research methods are relatively unified. At present， it is found that the changed chemical constituents of Scutellariae Radix after processing are flavonoids， polysaccharides， volatile oils and trace elements， etc. Pharmacological effects of processed products are hemostasis， antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， analgesic and antipyretic， treatment of lung diseases， treatment of colitis， etc. However， in the studies of Scutellariae Radix processing， there is a lack of research on the structural changes of chemical components caused by processing and a comprehensive comparative study on the pharmacological effects of various processed products. Based on this， it is suggested to carry out systematic research on the processing technology to processing mechanism， further explore the relationship between the change rule of material basis and pharmacological action before and after processing of Scutellariae Radix， and deepen the exploration of molecular mechanism and clinical application of processed products of Scutellariae Radix， in order to clarify the scientific connotation of the processing mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， and lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of the application of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces and the formulation of processing standards.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine Simmering Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Simmering method is one of the traditional processing methods of Chinese materia medica， which has been documented in the herbal literature and medical books of the past dynasties and has a great variety， but at present， there are not many specific varieties of Chinese materia medica involved， and there are few related researches. By reviewing the ancient and modern related information， the authors have organized and analyzed the historical evolution， processing purpose， modern representative Chinese materia medica（processing technology， quality evaluation， pharmacological research） of simmering method. After sorting out， it was found that the simmering method was widely used in ancient times， which was first seen in Huashi Zhongzangjing of the Eastern Han dynasty， and was enriched and developed through the Tang， Song， Jin， Yuan， Ming and Qing dynasties， and entered its heyday in Ming and Qing dynasties along with the economic prosperity and development of the Ming dynasty， involving as many as 159 varieties of Chinese materia medica， and gradually perfecting the processing theory of the simmering method. However， the number of varieties that still use the simmering method in modern times significantly decreased. The main purposes of using simmering method in modern Chinese materia medica are to reduce adverse reactions， moderate medicinal properties， enhance therapeutic effects， remove non-medicinal parts， and facilitate further processing， etc. This paper combed the key information of simmering methods for Chinese materia medica from ancient to modern times， which can provide a literature basis for the clinical application and modern research of simmered products of Chinese materia medica.

Analysis of Ancient Literature and Modern Clinical Application of Tuoli Xiaodusan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Tuoli Xiaodusan is the 65th formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（First Batch）. In this study， the bibliometric method was used to summarize and verify the ancient books about Tuoli Xiaodusan in terms of its historical origin， composition and dosage of the formula， indications， decoction and administration method， and processing， etc. According to the research， there is no definite date of the formation of Tuoli Xiaodusan， the earliest can be traced back to Lizhai Waike Fahui in Ming dynasty， which has been widely circulated， with many versions of prescription composition， and the modern influential version is from Waike Zhengzong in Ming dynasty， which is made up of 12 Chinese herbs including Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（3.73 g）， Chuanxiong Rhizoma（3.73 g）， Paeoniae Radix Alba（3.73 g）， Astragali Radix（3.73 g）， Angelicae Sinensis Radix（3.73 g）， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（3.73 g）， Poria（3.73 g）， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos（3.73 g）， Angelicae Dahuricae Radix（1.87 g）， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（1.87 g）， Gleditsiae Spina（1.87 g）， Platycodonis Radix（1.87 g）. The herb origins almost follow the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， except that Angelica dahurica var. formosana is only recommended as the origin of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix， and Glycryyhiza uralensis is only recommended as the origin of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. All the herbs are recommended to be used in the raw products. As for the preparation method， it is recommended to decoct with water， add 400 mL of water， boil until 160 mL， and take 2-3 times a day. The formula has the functions of nourishing Qi and nourishing blood， detoxifying and draining pus， and was mainly used to treat ulcerative diseases with the syndrome of syndrome of healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic factors excess in ancient times， and in modern times， it is used for a wide range of treatment， involving the skin and soft tissues， bones， digestion and many other systemic diseases， and is also mainly used for syndrome of healthy Qi deficiency and pathogenic factors excess. In this study， the ancient and modern applications of Tuoli Xiaodusan were summarized， and its key information was identified， providing a basis for its wider clinical application， in-depth research and formulation development.

Historical Evolution and Key Information Research on Pediatric Famous Classical Formula Yigongsan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Yigongsan is derived from Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi in the Northern Song dynasty， which is the No. 3 formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in September 2022， and it can be developed as a class 3.1 new TCM drug. By referring to ancient medical books and modern literature， this study conducted herbal textual research on Yigongsan from five aspects， including historical evolution， origin and processing， dosage conversion， usage and preparation methods， and functional application， then formed the key information table of this formula， in order to provide reference for the development of reference samples and preparations of Yigongsan. Based on the results of the study， it is recommended that Panax ginseng should be removed the basal part of stem（rhizoma）， Poria cocos should be removed the peel， Citrus reticulata should be cut into shreds and Glycyrrhiza uralensis should be used. According to 4.13 g/Qian（钱）， 1 g/slice for ginger， 3 g for each jujube and 300 mL/Zhan（盏）， the doses of Ginseng Radix， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Jujubae Fructus were 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 5， 6 g， and the total amount was 19.26 g. The decocting method was to crush the medicinal materials into fine powder with 50-80 mesh， add 300 mL of water and decoct to 210 mL for each dose， then remove the dregs and take it warmly. This formula was recorded in ancient books as the main treatment for the cold-deficiency of spleen and stomach， and Qi stagnation in children with vomiting and diarrhea and lack of appetite. It has been flexibly applied by later generations of physicians， and is often used to treat anorexia， inflammation of the digestive tract， diarrhea and other diseases in children.

[Research progress on processing historical evolution, chemical constituents, and pharmacological action of Bombyx Batryticatus].

Bombyx Batryticatus is a precious traditional Chinese animal drug commonly used in clinical practice in China, which has the effects of extinguishing wind, stopping convulsions, dispelling wind, relieving pain, resolving phlegm, and dissipating mass. The processing of Bombyx Batryticatus has a long history. As early as in the Liu Song period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a record of the processing of Bombyx Batryticatus with rice swill. In addition to the processing with bran, honey bran, and ginger juice, which are still used today, there are also processing methods such as rendering, flour processing, wine processing, salt processing, oil processing, charcoal, and red dates processing in ancient times. After processing, the fishy smell of Bombyx Batryticatus can be removed, and avoid nausea and vomiting caused by the direct taking. Furthermore, processing can also facilitate the removal of surface hairs and toxicity reduction, making the medicinal material crispy and easy to crush. Previous studies have shown that the main chemical constituents of Bombyx Batryticatus include protein polypeptides, sterols, and flavonoids, with anticonvulsant, anticoagulation, antithrombotic, anti-cancer, hypnotic, hypoglycemic, and other pharmacological effects. This paper reviewed the processing historical evolution, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of Bombyx Batryticatus to lay a foundation for the research on the processing mechanism, quality control, and active core substances of Bombyx Batryticatus.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Progress of Processing of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By reviewing the relevant literature of ancient herbal works and modern codices， this paper sorted out the historical evolution and developmental venation of processing of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. On this basis， the modern research of processed products of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was used as the breakthrough point to analyze the literature in terms of processing technology， chemical composition changes and changes in pharmacological effects before and after processing. According to the research status of processing of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， some existing problems were analyzed in this paper， such as not many ancient processing methods used in modern time， lack of standardized research on processing technology. And saponins， polysaccharides， amino acids， flavonoids and other chemical components in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma may change to different degrees before and after processing， which was the main reason for the difference of efficacy before and after processing. However， the current research on the pharmacological effects of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma mainly focuses on raw products， resulting in a lack of in-depth research on the transformation mechanism of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in processing difference， and the scientific connotation of "Shengxiao Shubu" has not been clearly elaborated， which is not conducive to the standardized clinical use of drugs. Therefore， it is necessary to further analyze the material basis of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and its processed products， and to explore the change rule of chemical components before and after processing and its correlation with pharmacodynamic activity， so as to clarify the processing mechanism for providing scientific basis for its standardized processing， quality control and clinical rational use.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Danggui Liuhuangtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Danggui Liuhuangtang is the 47th of the 100 famous classical formulas published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine， and is known as the holy medicine for night sweat. By bibliometrics， the authors collected the ancient books on Danggui Liuhuangtang and screened out 269 valid data， involving 156 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. The analysis on the historical origin， disease syndromes， pathogenesis， composition， dosage， preparation， usage， and processing of Danggui Liuhuangtang found that this famous classical formula originated from Secret Book of the Orchid Chamber （《兰室秘藏》） written by LI Dongyuan， and is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex， Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma and Astragali Radix. It has the functions of nourishing Yin， reducing fire， consolidating exterior and stopping sweating， and mainly treats night sweat due to Yin deficiency and fire exuberance. In the later generations， disease syndromes are mostly treated based on LI Dongyuan's theory， and have expanded to more than 30 kinds （339 in total）， among which night sweat （208） was the most， accounting for 61.36% of the total disease syndromes， followed by spontaneous sweating （38）， accounting for 11.21%. Additionally， it was found that Danggui Liuhuangtang was widely used in modern clinical practice for various disease syndromes. Among them， endocrine disease （77， 28.21%） was predominant， followed by gynecological disease （48， 17.58%）， and pediatric disease （24， 8.79%）. Although Danggui Liuhuangtang treats many disease syndromes， their pathogenesis was always yin deficiency and fire exuberance. Through the systematic excavation of the ancient books on Danggui Liuhuangtang and the analysis of its modern clinical application， this paper probed into the historical evolution and confirmed the key information of the formula， providing detailed literature basis for the research and development application of famous classical formulas.

Research on historical evolution of Combretum indicum / 药学实践杂志

Combretum indicum can kill insects and benefit the spleen and stomach, which is the most important medicine to treat children's diseases. The classics of materia medica, calendar edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, local processing standards and related literature were reviewed to sort out the processing history of Combretum indicum, compare the ancient medicinal parts and processing methods, and summarize the inclusion in national and local standards. The history of the evolution of Combretum indicum was summarized in order to provide ideas for rational drug use in clinical and standard improvement.

Research progress on processing historical evolution, chemical constituents, and pharmacological action of Bombyx Batryticatus / 中国中药杂志

Bombyx Batryticatus is a precious traditional Chinese animal drug commonly used in clinical practice in China, which has the effects of extinguishing wind, stopping convulsions, dispelling wind, relieving pain, resolving phlegm, and dissipating mass. The processing of Bombyx Batryticatus has a long history. As early as in the Liu Song period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a record of the processing of Bombyx Batryticatus with rice swill. In addition to the processing with bran, honey bran, and ginger juice, which are still used today, there are also processing methods such as rendering, flour processing, wine processing, salt processing, oil processing, charcoal, and red dates processing in ancient times. After processing, the fishy smell of Bombyx Batryticatus can be removed, and avoid nausea and vomiting caused by the direct taking. Furthermore, processing can also facilitate the removal of surface hairs and toxicity reduction, making the medicinal material crispy and easy to crush. Previous studies have shown that the main chemical constituents of Bombyx Batryticatus include protein polypeptides, sterols, and flavonoids, with anticonvulsant, anticoagulation, antithrombotic, anti-cancer, hypnotic, hypoglycemic, and other pharmacological effects. This paper reviewed the processing historical evolution, chemical constituents, and pharmacological effects of Bombyx Batryticatus to lay a foundation for the research on the processing mechanism, quality control, and active core substances of Bombyx Batryticatus.

Evolution and Information Analysis of Classical Formulas Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The classic formula Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang, listed as the 15th formula in the Catalog of Ancient Classic Formulas (First Batch) published in 2018, originated from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》） written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Ephedrae Herba, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and is effective in dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, dispersing cold, relieving impediment, nourishing Yin, and clearing heat. It is mainly used to treat diseases characterized by wind, cold, and dampness invading the body, combined with heat damaging Yin, such as joint disorders, rheumatism, gout, and knee osteoarthritis. Based on the call for "inheritance of essence and application of ancient knowledge for modern use", this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of historical evolution, composition, formulation principles, processing, dosage, decocting methods, and indications of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang using textual research on ancient and modern literature. When analyzing modern literature, it has been found that this formula is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. It is mainly applied to rheumatic diseases such as rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, gouty arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis, as well as orthopedic diseases like knee osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, sciatica, and knee joint effusion. It can also be used for diseases in other systems, including the endocrine system, gynecology, respiratory system, and circulatory system. The pathological mechanisms involve the invasion of wind, cold, and dampness accompanied by heat pathogens, reflecting the concept of treating different diseases with the same principles in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Through the analysis of ancient and modern literature on Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang using a literature statistical method, the historical evolution and key formula and syndrome information were clarified to provide a theoretical basis for the development and further research of Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang in terms of its formulation and subsequent in-depth studies.

Historical mercury contamination in a major Latin American industrial and port complex: The case of the Santos estuary, Southeastern Brazil.

The present study determined total mercury (Hg) in four 210Pb dated sediment cores to assess the historical anthropogenic Hg accumulation in the Santos estuary, Southeastern Brazil. Background levels were identified using the deepest sections of the cores, corresponding to pre-industrial ages. Mercury distribution in the sediment cores (0.02-2.64 mg kg-1) presented a large spatial and temporal variation. Contamination is highest in the upper estuary and indicates that the industrial hub, especially a chlor-alkali plant is the primary source of Hg. A contaminant trap effect is observed in this area associated with high fine sediment accumulation and Hg fluxes. The contamination pattern indicates that the regions not affected by direct inputs are influenced by reworking, resuspension, and transport of contaminated sediments by tidal flows. The Hg enrichment in the upper layers of the sediment cores demonstrates that the environmental actions fulfilled in the 1980s were insufficient to control Hg pollution in the Santos estuary.

[Historical evolution of Xuanfu Daizhe Decoction].

Xuanfu Daizhe Decoction, first seen in Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, was composed of seven medicinal materials: Inulae Flos, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Haematitum, Pinelliae Rhizoma and Jujubae Fructus. It was used to treat gastric fullness and hardness and belching due to the wrong treatment of typhoid fever and sweating. With detailed records and description in ancient medical books, Xuanfu Daizhe Decoction was widely adopted in clinical practice by physicians of later generations, which expanded its main therapeutic functions. By comprehensive collation of ancient and modern literature on Xuanfu Daizhe Decoction, this paper systematically explored the historical evolution of the prescription from the source, composition, dosage, processing, clinical application, function interpretation and decocting method. It was found that the composition and processing method of the prescription in the past dynasties were relatively consistent, and there was a gradual decrease in dosage in clinical application. In ancient times, Xuanfu Daizhe Decoction was mainly used to treat nausea, vomiting, hiccups, constipation, etc., while modern clinicians mainly used it for digestive diseases such as reflux esophagitis and gastritis. Through the analysis and textual research, the composition, dosage, processing, function evolution and decocting method of this prescription were determined, which provided reference for the research and development of compound preparations of Xuanfu Daizhe Decoction.

[Textual research on Wumei Pills].

Wumei Pills originates from Treatise on Cold Damage. A total of 128 records on it were screened out, involving 102 ancient books, 110 modern clinical studies, and 48 diseases. According to the records, the prescription origin, prescription composition, prescription explanation, main indications, dosage, medicinal processing, preparation, and usage, contraindications, and mo-dern clinical applications were analyzed. The result shows that Wumei Pills is composed of Mume Fructus, Asari Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. The main indications expand over time, and it can be applied to diarrhea, dysentery, retching, chest pain, cough, Qi ascending from lower abdomen, and reversal cold of hands and feet with the syndromes of cold and heat in complexity and hyperactivity of liver Yang and spleen deficiency. According to modern clinical records, it is mainly used for the treatment of diseases in the digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, metabolic system, etc., such as ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, insomnia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The dosage of Wumei Pills has gradually reduced from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, but the proportions of the medicinals has remained basically unchanged. In this prescription, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Zanthoxyli Pericarpium need to be processed, while the rest medicinals are used in raw form. As for the medicinal selection, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium is examinable. Asari Radix et Rhizoma is derived from Aristolochiaceae, which is toxic to the liver and kidney, so the dosage should be kept in a safe range. In summary, Wumei Pills has great clinical value. The textual research on Wumei Pills helps clarify the development of Wumei Pills, which provides evidence in-depth research and development and rational clinical application of Wumei Pills.

[Category of Chinese medicine registration:historical evolution,current status,and problems].

The development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has always been highly valued and supported since 1949. However, Chinese medicine industry still faces great challenges in view of the current status of the industry and registration and approval of new products in recent years. Related policies also directly influence the development of the industry. The latest version of the Provisions for Drug Registration and Requirement on Registration Classification and Application Information of Traditional Chinese Medicines have been put into practice since 2020. Registration classification is the core content of the Chinese medicine registration management system, as it is closely related to the research, development, and registration of Chinese medicine and the innovative development of the industry. This article aims to systematically review the historical evolution of the category of Chinese medicine registration and analyze the current status and problems, which is expected to provide a reference for the formulation of supporting documents according to related laws and regulations.

Marco de trabajo para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional. Evolución histórica / Occupational therapy practice framework. Historical evolution

La AOTA ha publicado la Cuarta Edición del Marco de Trabajo para la Práctica de la terapia ocupacional: Dominio y Proceso. En este artículo vamos a hacer un recorrido por su historia desde el primer Marco de Trabajo publicado en el año 2002 pasando por cada una de sus revisiones realizadas cada 5 años hasta llegar a este cuarto Marco de Trabajo publicado el pasado año 2020. El objetivo es poder conocer tanto sus inicios como la evolución del mismo para lo que nos remontaremos a sus antecedentes: la Terminología Uniforme. (AU)

The objective is to be able to know both its beginnings and its evolution for which we will go back to its antecedents: the Uniform Terminology. The AOTA has published the Fourth Edition of the Framework for the Practice of Occupational Therapy: Domain and Process. In this article we are going to go through its history from the first Framework published in 2002, focusing on each review carried out every 5 years, ending with this fourth Framework published in 2020. The objective is to know both its beginnings and its evolution, and we go back to its antecedents: the Uniform Terminology. (AU)

[Textual research on varieties of Draconis Sanguis].

This paper reviewed the historical evolution of the varieties of Draconis Sanguis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and discussed several doubts. Draconis Sanguis used in ancient Europe and Arabia was derived from Dracaena plants, and that originating from Southeast Asia entered the market in the 16 th century. Draconis Sanguis was introduced into China in the 5 th century at the latest and was once mixed with shellac for use. Draconis Sanguis in the Tang Dynasty and before was the resin of Dracaena plants. Scholars in the Song Dynasty have known that Draconis Sanguis came from the resin of tall trees, but their understanding of origin plants was inconsistent with the facts. The origin of Draconis Sanguis in the Song Dynasty was basically determined to be Mirbat(Maliba), Cengtan, and Somali, as well as Socotra Archipelago. About 1371-1416, Draconis Sanguis prepared from Daemonorops draco was imported into China, and was recorded earlier in The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores(Ying Ya Sheng Lan) and Code of Great Ming Dynasty(Da Ming Hui Dian). Draconis Sanguis prepared from Dracaena plants was still authentic for a long time after the import of that from D. draco into China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Dian Zhi(1625), a lost edition of Materia Medica in Southern Yunnan(Dian Nan Ben Cao), Textual Research on Reality and Titles of Plants(Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao), and other local chronicles recorded that a new type of Draconis Sanguis(Mu Xue Jie) was produced in Yuanjiang, Yunnan province. The New Yunnan Chronicles of the Republic of China recorded the production of another type of Draconis Sanguis(Qi Lin Jie) in Xishuangbanna. However, the authenticity of the above two types has been difficult to confirm. In modern times, Draconis Sanguis prepared from D. draco gradually became the mainstream variety. In the 1970 s, Dracaena cochinchinensi was found in Yunnan and other provinces, and Draconis Sanguis from D. cochinchinensi was developed. This study is expected to provide a solid and reliable literature support for the research and development of Draconis Sanguis, enrich historical materials, and provide new clues for follow-up research.

Processing of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a traditional Chinese medicinal material， Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is often used as medicine after steaming to reduce its pungency and give full play to its medicinal effects. By consulting the relevant literature， this paper intends to sort out the related researches on the processing history， modern processing standard records， flavor and meridian tropism， efficacy， processing and taking methods， processing technology， chemical composition， pharmacological effects and quality analysis of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. It is found that the processing methods of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are mainly roasting， distilled into dew， aging， frying， salting and steaming， of which steaming is the most common. In modern times， steaming is mainly used in Guangdong and Sichuan. The descriptions of flavor and meridian tropism and efficacy of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the past dynasties are basically consistent with the modern descriptions. Its taste is pungent， bitter and acidic， and it is warm in nature. It belongs to the liver， spleen， stomach and lung meridians. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus contains volatile oil， flavonoids and their glycosides， coumarins and limonins and other compounds. In recent years， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） and other methods are commonly used for the chemical composition analysis. Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus has the activities of relieving cough， reducing phlegm， relieving asthma， anti-inflammation， anti-bacteria and anti-oxidation， etc. After processing， its volatile and non-volatile components， and pharmacological effects all have a certain change. However， the current research on processing of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus is not in-depth enough. It is necessary to further analyze the material basis of steaming to reduce dryness， explore its dryness medicinal substances and dryness-effect quantitative correlation， so as to clarify its processing mechanism， and provide basis for the subsequent processing research， resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the future.