Muscle mechanical properties of pelvic floor and paravertebral muscles in women with and without urge urinary incontinence: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Muscle mechanical properties (MMPs) are relevant in the pathophysiology of lumbopelvic disorders. However, they have not been described in the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and lumbar paravertebral muscles (LPM) of women with urge urinary incontinence (UUI). OBJECTIVE: To identify differences between MMPs of PFM and LPM in patients with UUI and healthy controls. Secondarily also aimed to observe the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical variables with the PFM and LPM MMPs. METHODS: The participants of this case-control study comprised 34 women with UUI (UUI group) and 34 continent women (control group). Sociodemographic variables were obtained together with data on the clinical status of the pelvic floor. The MMPs, i.e., frequency (tone), stiffness, decrement (inverse of elasticity), and viscoelastic properties (VP), such as relaxation time and creep, of PFM and LPM were assessed with a hand-held tonometer. Between-group differences and intra-group correlations were identified. RESULTS: The UUI group presented higher frequency and stiffness, as well as lower relaxation time in PFM, whereas the LPM had lower tone and stiffness, and higher VP, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The UUI group showed a pattern of moderate correlations (|0.403|

Cuidado e questões de gênero: invisibilidade, paternalismo, autossacrifício e a crise de cuidados. Entrevista com Ilze Zirbel / Care and gender issues: invisibility, paternalism, self-sacrifice and the care crisis. Interview with Ilze Zirbel / Cuidado y cuestiones de genero: invisibilidad, paternalismo, autosacrificio y crisis del cuidado. Entrevista con Ilze Zirbel

Este texto apresenta uma conversa-entrevista entre um grupo de pesquisa sobre as práticas de profissionais de saúde atuantes na Atenção Básica em Saúde e a Dra em filosofia Ilze Zirbel, pesquisadora do campo das Teorias do Cuidado. A conversa ocorreu durante um encontro do grupo de pesquisa, na cidade de Santos, no dia 29.11.2019 e foi registrada em áudio sendo, em seguida, transcrita e editada na forma de entrevista. Nela são abordadas questões de gênero, classe e raça envolvidas nas atividades e relações de cuidado, o que toca nas temáticas do privilégio e da exploração, do autossacrifício e da coerção, bem como da autonomia e da interdependência de seres humanos. O pano de fundo é o da necessidade de políticas públicas visando o cuidado da população e desenvolvimento do senso de cuidado tanto em homens quanto em mulheres.

This text presents a conversation-interview between a research group on the practices of health professionals working in Primary Health Care and a researcher in the field of Care Theories. It addresses issues of gender, class and race involved in care activities and relationships, which touches on the themes of privilege and exploitation, self-sacrifice and coercion, as well as autonomy and interdependence. The background is the need for public policies aimed at the care of the population and the development of a sense of care for both men and women.

Este texto presenta una conversación-entrevista entre un grupo de investigación sobre las prácticas de los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en Atención Primaria y un investigador en el campo de las Teorías de la Atención. Aborda temas de género, clase y raza involucrados en las actividades y relaciones de cuidado, que toca los temas de privilegio y explotación, autossacrificio y coacción, así como autonomía e interdependencia. El trasfondo es la necesidad de políticas públicas orientadas al cuidado de la población y al desarrollo de un sentido de cuidado tanto para hombres como para mujeres.

Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation.

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality.

Global Trade Pattern of Medical Devices and China's Trade Position: Based on Data From 2001 to 2020.

To depict the evolution of the global trade of medical devices, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of global and China's trade patterns of medical devices from 2001 to 2020 based on data from the World Bank and United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database, and thereby investigates the status quo of global and China's medical device trade, as well as changes in China's position in the global medical device trade. The findings are as follows. First, the total global trade volume of medical devices is generally on the rise, showing closer network connections. Despite some changes in trade position, the core countries in the global medical device trade network are relatively fixed. The intermediate position of core trading countries has been weakened on the whole, whereas exporting countries have generally assumed an enhanced central position. Communities with geographical proximity have been formed in the global medical device trade network, including two large communities, the Asian-European countries and the Pacific Rim countries, and one small community, the South American countries. Second, with its rapidly growing trade volume of medical devices with other countries, China has now become the fourth largest medical device trading country in the world. Its number of import and export partners has remained relatively stable and continued to increase. Its export markets are relatively concentrated, and a tripartite pattern of import sources has been formed. China has established extensive interdependent relations and almost no one-way dependent relations in the medical device trade. Among its major trading partners for medical devices, the interdependence of China with developed countries/regions, such as European and American countries and Japan, has generally deepened.

Students With High Metacognition Are Favourable Towards Individualism When Anxious.

Metacognitive ability has been described as an important predictor of several processes involved in learning, including problem-solving. Although this relationship is fairly documented, little is known about the mechanisms that could modulate it. Given its relationship with both constructs, we decided to evaluate the impact of self-knowledge on PS. In addition, we inspected whether emotional (self-reported anxiety) and interpersonal (attitudes towards social interdependence) variables could affect the relationship between metacognition and problem-solving. We tested a sample of 32 undergraduate students and used behavioural tasks and self-report questionnaires. Contrary to the literature, we found no significant relationship between metacognition and problem-solving performance, nor a significant moderating effect when including emotional and interpersonal variables in the model. In contrast, we observed a significant moderating model combining metacognition, self-reported anxiety and attitudes towards social interdependence. It was found that participants with high metacognition reported attitudes unfavourable towards interdependence when they felt high anxiety. These results suggest that already anxious individuals with high metacognition would prefer to work alone rather than with others, as a coping mechanism against further anxiety derived from cooperation. We hypothesise that in anxiogenic contexts, metacognition is used as a tool to compare possible threats with one's own skills and act accordingly, in order to maximise one's own performance. Further studies are needed to understand how metacognition works in contexts adverse to learning.

Do Mothers' Experiences Count? An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Language Brokering Experiences in Mexican Immigrant Families.

Language brokering is a shared parent-child experience with implications for parent-child relationships and, in turn, individuals' psychological well-being; however, few studies recognize the role of parents. This study took a dyadic approach to investigate the association between brokering experiences and internalizing symptoms, and the mediating role of parent-child alienation. Participants were 604 Mexican-origin adolescents (54% female, Mage = 12.41) and their mothers (N = 595). Both adolescents' and their mothers' brokering experiences were related to their own internalizing symptoms via their self-reported parent-child alienation. Mothers' brokering experiences also affected adolescents so that when mothers experienced more negative brokering experiences, adolescents perceived greater parent-child alienation, and in turn more internalizing symptoms, suggesting the necessity of considering language brokering's influence on members involved as a dyadic process.

Couples' extrinsic emotion regulation and dyadic adjustment: an actor-partner interdependence model analysis.

Couples' extrinsic emotion regulation strategies are associated with marital quality or dyadic adjustment. However, only the strategies employed according to the objective they are expected to achieve have been examined; it is not known if strategies on the bases of positive or negative extrinsic emotion regulation motivation would have the same consequences for the dyad. The purpose of this study was to examine if extrinsic emotion regulation (EER) predicts one's own and one's partner's dyadic adjustment and if this effect differs by gender and relationship length. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (a type of dyadic data analysis, which incorporates the scores of the two members of the relationship into the analyses), data from 103 Chilean couples who completed self-report scales on dyadic adjustment and EER were analyzed. The participants were between 22 and 78 years old (M men = 39.84, SD = 11.37; M women = 38.01, SD = 10.64), and the relationship lengths were between 1 and 50 years (M = 12.98, SD = 11.53). The motivation or the intention to make the partner feel good (positive) or bad (negative) respectively predict higher and lower dyadic adjustment in both the one who uses the strategy (actor) and the receiver of the strategy (partner). There was no difference by gender or by duration of the relationship in the dyads, but there was with children in common. It is important to consider the motivation underlying the emotional management of the couple, given its implication in marital quality and the need to broaden the understanding of other EERs related to healthy dyadic functioning.

Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality. (AU)

A etiqueta da violência: mestre, irmãos de treino e família na equipe de MMA / The violence etiquette: master, training brothers and family in the MMA team / La etiqueta de la violencia: maestro, hermanos de treno y familia en el equipo de MMA

O MMA, artes marciais mistas, é um esporte relativamente pouco estudado na Educação Física brasileira. Portanto, esse estudo pretende compreender de que formas as relações entre os atores de uma academia de MMA são construídas e como essas mesmas relações constroem etiquetas para lutar. A partir de uma incursão etnográfica foi possível identificar a existência de relações de interdependência entre os sujeitos da equipe: o "mestre" e os "irmãos de treino". Essas relações foram sustentadas por laços afetivos e um conjunto de etiquetas que permitiram que a equipe se identificasse como uma "família". Dentre as etiquetas que constituíram a "família", destacam-se os diferentes usos e sentidos atribuídos à violência.

MMA, mixed martial arts, is a sport relatively understudied in Brazilian Physical Education. Therefore, this study aims to understand in which ways the relationships between the actors of a mixed martial arts (MMA) gym were built and how these relationships build etiquettes to train? From an ethnographic incursion it was possible to identify the existence of interdependent relationships between the subjects of the team: the "master" and the "training brothers". These relationships were supported by affective ties and a set of etiquettes that allowed the team to identify itself as a "family". Among the labels that constituted the "family", we highlight the different uses and meanings attributed to violence.

El MMA, artes marciales mixtas, es un deporte relativamente poco estudiado en la Educación Física brasileña. Por tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo compreender de qué manera se construyen las relaciones entre los actores de una academia de artes marciales mixtas (MMA) y como essas relaciones construyen etiquetas para entrenar? A partir de una incursión etnográfica fue posible identificar la existencia de relaciones de interdependencia entre los sujetos del equipo: el "maestro" y los "hermanos formadores". Estas relaciones se sustentaron en lazos afectivos y un conjunto de etiquetas que permitieron al equipo identificarse como una "familia". Entre las etiquetas que constituían la "familia" destacan los diferentes usos y significados atribuidos a la violencia.

'A Queda do Céu': reflexões junguianas sobre o alerta xamânico de Davi Kopenawa / 'La caída del cielo': reflexiones junguianas sobre la alerta chamánica por Davi Kopenawa / 'The Falling Sky': Jungian reflections on the shamanic alert by Davi Kopenawa

Neste artigo serão apresentadas algumas considerações junguianas sobre a narrativa etnográfica intitulada "A Queda do Céu", buscando demonstrar, por meio de uma análise comparativo-reflexiva, perspectivas em comum entre a visão do xamã Yanomami, Davi Kopenawa e as ideias do Psiquiatra suíço, Carl Gustav Jung. Para tal, será necessário apresentar alguns princípios da crítica indígena sobre o modo de relação das sociedades tecnológicas com a natureza - marcada pela exploração dos recursos naturais e desrespeito à cultura indígena. Refletir sobre os pontos em comum entre esta visão nativa, descrita na obra em questão e a Psicologia Complexa, sobretudo pelo viés ao qual Jung denominou arquétipo psicóide, em que a relação corpo-mente-mundo encontra-se em ressonância e em íntima relação de interdependência. Sendo assim, o objetivo central deste trabalho é elaborar um diálogo entre o pensar mítico e a teoria junguiana, no sentido de observar de que modo ambas perspectivas apontam conexões intrínsecas entre natureza e cultura. ■

This study brings some Jungian considerations on the ethnographic narrative entitled "The Falling Sky" that will be presented seeking to demonstrate through a comparative-reflective analysis of similarities between the views of the Yanomami shaman, Davi Kopenawa and the ideas of the Swiss Psychiatrist, Carl Gustav Jung. To this end, it is necessary to present some points of indigenous criticism about the way in which technological societies relate to nature - marked by the exploitation of natural resources and disrespect for indigenous culture, reflecting on the similarities between this native view, described in this study and in Complex Psychology, mainly due to the bias Jung called the psychoid archetype, in which the body-mind-world relationship is in resonance and in an intimate interdependent relationship. Thus, the main objective of this study is to elaborate a dialogue between original thinking and Jungian thinking, in the sense of observing how both perspectives point to intrinsic connections between nature and culture. ■

En este artículo se presentarán algunas consideraciones junguianas sobre la narrativa etnográfica titulada "La caída del cielo", buscando demostrar a través de un análisis comparativo-reflexivo perspectivas en común entre la visión del chamán Yanomami, Davi Kopenawa y las ideas del psiquiatra suizo Carl Gustav Jung. Para ello, será necesario presentar algunos principios de la crítica indígena sobre la forma en que las sociedades tecnológicas se relacionan con la naturaleza, marcada por la explotación de los recursos naturales y la falta de respeto a la cultura indígena. Reflexionar sobre los puntos en común entre esta visión nativa, descrita en la obra en cuestión y la Psicología Compleja, especialmente debido al sesgo que Jung denominó arquetipo psicoide, en el que la relación cuerpo-mente-mundo está en resonancia y en una íntima relación de interdependencia. Por lo tanto, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar un diálogo entre el pensamiento mítico y la teoría junguiana, con el fin de observar cómo ambas perspectivas apuntan a conexiones intrínsecas entre naturaleza y cultura. ■

Educational goals for college students diagnosed with disabilities: from individualist to transformative activist agenda / Metas educacionais para universitários diagnosticados com deficiência: de uma proposta individualista à ativista transformadora / Metas educacionales para estudiantes universitarios diagnosticados con discapacidad: de una propuesta individualista a una activista transformadora

Due to the legal protections and the effects of inclusive reforms introduced in the U.S. in the last decades, the number of students diagnosed with disabilities (SDWD) entering post-secondary education in the country has steadily increased. Nevertheless, SDWD remain significantly underrepresented among the college student population and their graduation rates are lower than those of their able-bodies peers'. Common explanations of unequal outcomes of SDWD in college have invoked issues related to students' transitioning from high school to college and inadequate provision of diversified and adequate support. In this paper, I critically examine the scholarship on academic success of SDWD in higher education that shape institutional discourses and practices around educational and life goals for SDWD. My analysis reveals that narrowly individualistic notions of personal responsibility, autonomy, self-determination and self-advocacy skills dominate such practices and discourses. My contention is that a focus on achieving independence as the ultimate educational goal for SDWD reproduces ableistic assumptions and ultimately disempowers those students. Merging insights from critical disability studies with the Vygotskian socio-historical theory expanded by the Transformative Activist Stance, I propose a radical reconceptualization of developmental goals for SDWD away from the notion of independence of individual learners toward focusing on interdependence, reciprocity, relationality, connectedness and collective agency.

Devido às proteções legais e aos efeitos das reformas inclusivas introduzidas nos EUA nas últimas décadas, o número de alunos diagnosticados com deficiência (SDWD) ingressando no ensino superior no país tem aumentado constantemente. Entretanto, o aluno diagnosticado com deficiência permanece significativamente sub-representado e apresenta taxas de graduação menores entre a população de estudantes universitários. Explicações comuns de desfechos desiguais de alunos com deficiência na faculdade têm invocado questões relacionadas à transição dos alunos do ensino médio para a faculdade e a oferta inadequada de apoio adequado e diversificado. Neste artigo, examina-se criticamente a bolsa de estudos e o sucesso acadêmico dos alunos com deficiência no ensino superior, que molda discursos institucionais e práticas em torno das metas educacionais e de vida para os alunos com deficiência. A análise revela que noções estritamente individualistas de responsabilidade pessoal, autonomia, autodeterminação e habilidades de autodefesa dominam tais práticas e discursos. Discute-se que o foco em alcançar a independência como o objetivo educacional final para o aluno com deficiência reproduz discriminações; em última instância, descapacita esses alunos. Unindo a abordagem de estudos críticos de incapacidade com a teoria sócio histórica vygotskiana expandida pelo Posicionamento Ativista Transformador, propõe-se uma reconceitualização radical dos objetivos de desenvolvimento para o aluno com deficiência, longe da noção de independência dos alunos individuais para focar na interdependência, reciprocidade, conectividade e na importância das relações e ações coletivas.

Debido a las protecciones legales y a los efectos de la reformas inclusivas introducidas en los EE.UU en las últimas décadas, el número de estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidades que ingresan en la educación superior en el país ha aumentado constantemente. Sin embargo, el número de estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidad sigue siendo muy pequeño entre la población de estudiantes universitarios y, sus notas de graduación son mas bajas que que las de sus compañeros sin discapacidad. Las explicaciones comunes de esta disparidad entre los estudiantes con discapacidades e sus compañeros sin discapacidad en la universidad han planteado problemas relacionados con la transición de la secundaria a la universidad y la provisión inadecuada de suporte diverso y adecuado. Este artículo examina críticamente los estudios sobre el éxito académico de las personas con discapacidades en la educación superior que respaldan los discursos y prácticas institucionales en torno a las metas educacionales y de vida de los estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidad. El análisis revela que estas comunicaciones y prácticas son el resultado de una "estrecha" noción individualista de responsabilidad personal, autonomía, autodeterminación y habilidades de autodefensa que dominan tales discursos y prácticas. Se argumenta que el enfoque en el logro de la independencia como objetivo educativo último para los estudiantes con discapacidad reproduce la discriminación; en última instancia, fragiliza a estos estudiantes. Uniendo el enfoque de los estudios críticos de la discapacidad con la teoría socio histórica vygotskiana ampliada por la Postura Activista Transformadora, proponemos una reelaboración radical de los objetivos de desarrollo para los estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidad, lejos de la noción de independencia de el alumno individualmente, para enfocarse en la interdependencia, reciprocidad, conectividad y la importancia de las relaciones y acciones colectivas.

"Faça o que eu digo, não o que eu faço?" Um Estudo sobre a Transmissão Valorativa entre Pais e Filhos / ¿"Haz lo que digo, no lo que hago"? Un Estudio sobre la Transmisión Valorativa entre Padres/Madres e Hijos / "Do What I Say, Not What I Do"? A Study of Value Transmission between Fathers/Mothers and Children

Resumo Este estudo objetiva identificar em que medida os valores dos pais/das mães e filhos estão relacionados, considerando o tipo de transmissão (direta ou indireta) e seu poder preditivo. Participaram 204 pares de pais e filhos. Dentre as crianças, a maioria era do sexo feminino (54.7%), com idade média de 11 anos (DP=1.01). Quanto aos pais, a maioria formada por mães (69.6%), com idade média de 38 anos (DP=7.82). Os pais/as mães responderam ao Questionário dos Valores Básicos correspondente ao seu grupo etário e a questões sociodemográficas. Os resultados indicaram que os valores dos filhos são influenciados mais fortemente pelos valores percebidos em seus pais/suas mães do que pelos valores que os pais/as mães priorizam ou almejam para seus filhos, apresentando indicadores significativos nas seis subfunções valorativas. Conclui-se que, por meio do processo de socialização, a criança apreende os valores transmitidos por seus pais/suas mães a partir da observação de seus comportamentos, portanto enfatiza-se que o próprio comportamento é a melhor forma para educar os filhos.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio es identificar en qué medida los valores de los padres/madres e hijos se relacionan, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de transmisión (directa o indirecta) y su poder predictivo. Participaron 204 pares de padres e hijos. La mayoría de los niños era del sexo femenino (54.7%), con edad promedio de 11 años (DE =1.01). En cuanto a los progenitores, la mayoría fueron madres (69.6%), con edad promedio de 38 años (DE=7.82). Los progenitores contestaron la Encuesta de los Valores Básicos correspondiente a su grupo de edad y a cuestiones sociodemográficas. Los resultados señalan que los valores de los hijos son influenciados con más fuerza por los valores percibidos en sus padres/madres, que por los valores que los padres/madres priorizan o desean transmitir a sus hijos, presentando indicadores significativos en las seis subfunciones valorativas. Se concluye que, mediante el proceso de socialización, el niño aprehende los valores transmitidos por sus padres/madres desde la observación de sus conductas; por lo tanto, se enfatiza que el propio comportamiento es la mejor forma de educar a los hijos.

Abstract The objective of the study is to identify to what extent the values of fathers/mothers and children are correlated, taking into account the type of transmission (direct or indirect) and its predictive potential. Participants were 204 pairs of parents and children. Most of the children were female (54.7%), and their average age was 11 (DE=1.01). In the case of the parents, the majority were mothers (69.6%), and their average age was 38 (DE =7.82). The fathers/mothers answered the Basic Values Survey corresponding to their age group and socio-demographic aspects. Results show that children's values are more heavily influenced by the values they perceive in their fathers/mothers, than by the values the fathers/ mothers give priority to and wish to convey to their children, according to significant indicators in the six valuation sub-functions. The study concludes that, through the socialization process, children apprehend the values transmitted by their fathers/mothers by observing their conduct. Therefore, we emphasize that parents' behavior is the best way to educate children.

Interdependencia entre la familia y la escuela: Un nuevo paradigma para reducir la sobreprotección / Interdependence between family and school: A new paradigm to reduce overprotection

Se analiza el rol de la familia en el ejercicio de la parentalidad como factor de protección, imprescindible, para el desarrollo integral de sus hijas e hijos debido la clara desorientación de muchas practicas parentales que provocan un aumento de la sobreprotección. Esta respuesta familiar se debe a la gran diversidad de informaciones en los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales sugiriendo soluciones salomónicas, con enfoques alarmistas, ante la complejidad de la sociedad actual. Esta desorientación adulta se traduce en una distorsión del rol adulto, aumento de temores y desconfianza en relación con la acción educativa y una mayor inmadurez y dependencia en la población infantil y adolescente. Se propone un cambio de paradigma que incida y ofrezca una perspectiva diferente que evite el sentimiento de culpabilidad y dinamice los constantes debates entre las instituciones y las familias evitando el traspaso de responsabilidades especialmente hacia las familias. No es posible que se exija que actúen con criterios educativos y, a la vez, asumir responsabilidades en relación con los rendimientos escolares, ya que se genera, en algunos sectores, una indefensión absoluta. Es preciso este cambio de enfoque para afrontar las dificultades educativas cambiando los objetivos para modelar las relaciones con un enfoque basado en la interdependencia y no desde la perspectiva neoliberal que genera este enfoque clasista y segregador. Sólo de esta manera se puede recuperar la seguridad y reforzar la implicación, de manera cooperativa y compartida, asumiendo las responsabilidades propias sin las exigencias que crean sesgos de clase social.

The role of the family in the exercise of parenthood is analyzed as a factor of protection, essential for the integral development of their children due to the clear disorientation of many parental practices that cause an increase in overprotection. This family response is due to the great diversity of information in the media and social networks suggesting Solomonic solutions, with alarmist approaches, to the complexity of today's society. This adult disorientation translates into a distortion of the adult role, increased fears and distrust in relation to educational action and greater immaturity and dependence in the child and adolescent population. A change of paradigm is proposed that incurs and offers a different perspective that avoids the feeling of guilt and stimulates the constant debates between institutions and families avoiding the transfer of responsibilities especially towards families. It is not possible to demand that they act with educational criteria and, at the same time, assume responsibilities in relation to school performance, since it generates, in some sectors, absolute helplessness. This change of approach is necessary to face the educational difficulties by changing the objectives to model the relationships with an approach based on interdependence and not from the neoliberal perspective generated by this class and segregated approach. Only in this way can security be recovered, and the implication reinforced, in a cooperative and shared way, assuming one's responsibilities without the demands that create lower social class.

El cuidado en el florecimiento o desarrollo humano personal: reflexiones desde la psicología para la bioética del cuidado / Care in personal flowering or personal development: reflections from the psychology for the bioethics of caring / Cuidado no florescimento ou desenvolvimento humano pessoal: reflexões da psicologia para a bioética do cuidado

Resumen Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el papel del cuidado en el desarrollo personal (o florecimiento personal, términos usados indistintamente). Parte de la consideración del cuidado como una categoría universal y necesaria de la vida humana, y se pregunta qué papel juega y cómo influye el cuidado en el florecimiento personal. Esta reflexión, si bien se ubica en una perspectiva antropológica humanista multidimensional -esto es, que reconoce todas las riquezas de la persona en sus dimensiones biológica, psicológica y social, todas involucradas en su desarrollo-, analiza específicamente el cuidado en relación con la dimensión psicológica bajo tres aspectos que confluyen en un desarrollo personal maduro: recibir cuidado, cuidar de los otros y adquirir conciencia de ambas realidades.

Abstract This paper looks into the place care holds in personal development. It begins considering care as a universal and necessary category for human life and asks about the role it plays and how it influences one's own personal development. Even though the framework that surrounds this reflection is a multidimensional humanistic anthropological perspective-that is, it recognizes the richness of the person with his different dimensions: biological, psychological, and social, all of them involved in personal development-, it specifically analyzes the psychological dimension of care under three aspects: being taken care of, taking care of others, and being aware of both realities.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o papel do cuidado no desenvolvimento pessoal (ou florescimento pessoal, termos usados indiferentemente). Parte da consideração do cuidado como uma categoria universal e necessária da vida humana, e pergunta qual é o papel que ele desempenha e como o cuidado influencia o florescimento pessoal. Essa reflexão, embora localizado numa perspectiva antropológica humanista multidimensional, isto é, que reconhece todas as riquezas da pessoa em suas dimensões biológicas, psicológicas e sociais, todos os envolvidos no seu desenvolvimento, analisa especificamente o cuidado com relação à dimensão psicológica sob três aspectos que se unem em um desenvolvimento pessoal maduro: receber cuidado, cuidar dos outros e adquirir consciência de ambas as realidades.

Interacciones cardiopulmonares: de la fisiología a la clínica / Cardiopulmonary Interactions: from Physiology to Clinic

Resumen: Las Interacciones Cardiopulmonares (ICP) corresponden al conjunto de interrelaciones entre el sis tema respiratorio y el cardiovascular, durante el ciclo respiratorio y cardíaco. Estas interacciones varían dependiendo de si el paciente se encuentra en ventilación espontánea o mecánica, afectando en distintos grados la precarga y postcarga, tanto del ventrículo derecho e izquierdo. El entender estas interacciones, resulta esencial al momento de manejar pacientes críticamente enfermos, en donde las manipulaciones de la precarga y postcarga, son de especial importancia al momento de optimizar el débito cardíaco y la entrega de oxígeno a los tejidos. En este artículo se presentan los principios fisiológicos que permiten entender las interacciones cardiopulmonares en ventilación espontánea y en ventilación mecánica, aplicadas a situaciones clínicas específicas, lo que nos ayudará a utilizarlas como herramientas en el manejo de los pacientes.

Abstract: Cardiopulmonary Interactions (CPI) refer to the interplay between the respiratory and cardiovascu lar systems during the respiratory and cardiac cycle. These interactions vary depending on whether the patient is in spontaneous or mechanical ventilation and affect the preload and afterload of both ventricles at different levels. Understanding CPI is essential to the management of critically ill pa tients, where preload and afterload manipulations are specialy important to optimize cardiac output and oxygen delivery to the periphery. The present article reviews the physiological principles required to understand CPI in patients both in spontaneous and mechanical ventilation using specific clinical scenarios to facilitate its use as part of day to day clinical practice.

Soil microbial communities and glyphosate decay in soils with different herbicide application history.

This study evaluates the glyphosate dissipation under field conditions in three types of soil, and aims to determine the importance of the following factors in the environmental persistence of herbicide: i) soil bacterial communities, ii) soil physicochemical properties, iii) previous exposure to the herbicide. A soil without previous record of GP application (P0) and two agricultural soils, with 5 and >10years of GP exposure (A5 and A10) were subjected to the application of glyphosate at doses of 3mg·kg-1. The concentration of GP and AMPA was determined over time and the dynamics of soil bacterial communities was evaluated using 16S ARN ribosomal gene amplicon-sequencing. The GP exposure history affected the rate but not the extent of GP biodegradation. The herbicide was degraded rapidly, but P0 soil showed a dissipation rate significantly lower than soils with agricultural history. In P0 soil, a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was observed in response to herbicide application. More generally, all soils displayed shifts in bacterial community structure, which nevertheless could not be clearly associated to glyphosate dissipation, suggesting the presence of redundant bacteria populations of potential degraders. Yet the application of the herbicide prompted a partial disruption of the bacterial association network of unexposed soil. On the other hand, higher values of linear (Kd) and nonlinear (Kf) sorption coefficient in P0 point to the relevance of cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay and organic matter to the capacity of soil to adsorb the herbicide, suggesting that bioavailability was a key factor for the persistence of GP and AMPA. These results contribute to understand the relationship between bacterial taxa exposed to the herbicide, and the importance of soil properties as predictors of the possible rate of degradation and persistence of glyphosate in soil.

Spirituality, infertility-related stress, and quality of life in Brazilian infertile couples: Analysis using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model.

Infertility has a stressful impact on both partners, with adverse effects on the quality of life of infertile couples. Spirituality is a meaning-based strategy that can protect couples against infertility's negative impact on quality of life, but analysis of this mediator relationship in infertile couples has not been reported. We adopted a dyadic approach and used the actor-partner interdependence mediation model to examine whether and how women's and men's spirituality was associated with their own and their partners' infertility-related stress and quality of life. In 2014, 152 infertile couples starting their first fertility treatment at a private clinic in Brazil were recruited and completed self-reports of spirituality, infertility-related stress, and quality of life. Results indicated that women's and men's level of spirituality was positively associated with their own quality of life directly and indirectly, by reducing their own infertility-related stress. Their spirituality was associated with an increase in their partners' quality of life only indirectly, by reducing their partners' infertility-related stress. Findings highlight the importance of assessing and promoting spirituality as a coping resource that infertile women and men might use to deal with the stress of infertility and reduce its adverse effects on quality of life.

The association of family functioning and psychosis proneness in five countries that differ in cultural values and family structures.

For decades, researchers have attributed the better prognosis of psychosis in developing countries to a host of socio-cultural factors, including family functioning. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether family functioning and its association with symptoms differ across countries. This study assessed family functioning (support, satisfaction with family relations, and criticism) and psychosis proneness in community samples from Chile (n =399), Colombia (n=486), Indonesia (n=115), Germany (n=174) and the USA (n=143). Family functioning was compared between prototypical developing countries (Chile, Columbia, Indonesia) and highly industrialized countries (Germany, USA). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test for the moderating effect of country on the associations between family functioning and psychosis proneness. Participants from developing countries perceived more support and felt more satisfied. However, they also perceived more criticism than participants from highly industrialized countries. Criticism and family satisfaction were significantly associated with psychosis proneness. Moreover, the relationship between criticism and psychosis proneness was significantly stronger in developing countries compared to highly industrialized countries. Generally, family satisfaction and criticism appear to be more relevant to psychosis proneness than the quantity of family support. Moreover, criticism seems to be more closely related to psychosis proneness in developing countries.

The Association Between Affective and Problem-Solving Communication and Intimate Partner Violence among Caucasian and Mexican American Couples: A Dyadic Approach.

The present study examined individuals' subjective evaluation of their effectiveness with regard to affective communication and problem-solving communication, and their relation to intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. Data from 100 Caucasian American and Mexican American couples were collected during the first and during the third year of marriage. For affective communication, a significant partner effect emerged, indicating that husbands' higher dissatisfaction with affective communication was related to wives' higher IPV victimization. For problem-solving communication, a significant actor effect emerged, indicating that husbands' higher dissatisfaction with problem-solving communication was related to husbands' higher IPV victimization. While these findings largely generalized to Caucasian Americans, they did not generalize to Mexican Americans.

Ventricular interdependence analysis in patients with congenital heart disease with systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle / Análisis de la interdependencia ventricular en pacientes con cardiopatía congénita con disfunción sistólica y diastólica del ventrículo derecho

Ventricular interdependence (VI) is understood as the response of one ventricle to the changes in pressure and volume in the remaining other. At the time, this behavior in congenital heart disease is not clear, specially in those which affect the right ventricle (RV). Objective: To determine and compare the different types of VI in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) involving RV with systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study was performed in patients with CHD with volume overload mechanism (atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection) as well as patients with overload pressure mechanism (Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and Ebstein's anomaly). An echocardiographic study was performed on every patient and based on each ventricle ejection fraction and tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE and MAPSE, respectively) interdependence was classified as: A (Preserved measurements on both ventricles), B (changes in RV with preserved measurements of the LV) and C (changes in both ventricles). Comparison was made by dysfunction type, time of evolution, the Tei index of myocardial performance (IMF), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and functional class. Results: Out of 86 patients, we found: type A VI in 58%, type B VI in 26% and type C VI in 16% of patients, type C VI was mostly associated with Ebsteins anomaly. The bigger the interdependence, the longer the time of evolution, weight and Tei's Index. Conclusions: Interdependence occurs in CHD where RV is mainly affected. There is an association between type of interdependence and the mechanism of RV dysfunction (systolic or diastolic).

La interdependencia ventricular (IV) se entiende como la respuesta de un ventrículo a los cambios en la presión y el volumen restante en el otro. Hasta hoy, este comportamiento en la enfermedad cardíaca congénita no está claro, especialmente en las que afectan al ventrículo derecho (VD). Objetivo: Determinar y comparar los diferentes tipos de IV en pacientes con enfermedad cardiaca congénita (ECC)) que implica al ventrículo derecho con disfunción sistólica y diastólica. Métodos: Estudio transversal y comparativo que se realizó en pacientes de enfermedad coronaria con mecanismo de sobrecarga de volumen (defectos del tabique auricular, defectos septales ventriculares, ductus arterioso permeable y conexión venosa pulmonar anómala total), así como en pacientes con mecanismo de presión de sobrecarga (tetralogía de Fallot, atresia pulmonar con comunicación interventricular y anomalía de Ebstein). Un estudio ecocardiográfico se realizó en todos los pacientes y con base en cada fracción de eyección del ventrículo y en la excursión sistólica tricúspide y mitral del plano anular (TAPSE y MAPSE, respectivamente) La interdependencia se clasificó como: A (conserva las mediciones en ambos ventrículos), B (cambios en el ventrículo derecho con mediciones conservadas en el ventrículo izquierdo) y C (cambios en ambos ventrículos). Se realizó la comparación por tipo de disfunción, tiempo de evolución, el Índice de Tei de rendimiento miocárdico (IMF), presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar (PSAP) y clase funcional. Resultados: De los 86 pacientes, se encontró: Tipo A IV en el 58%, el tipo B IV en el 26% y el tipo C IV en 16% de los pacientes, Tipo C IV se asocia sobre todo con la anomalía de Ebstein. Cuanto más grande es la interdependencia, mayor será el tiempo de la evolución, peso e Índice de Tei. Conclusiones: La interdependencia ocurre en las enfermedades del corazón, donde el ventrículo derecho se ve afectado principalmente. Existe una asociación entre el tipo de interdependencia y el mecanismo de la disfunción del ventrículo derecho (sistólica o diastólica).