Correlations between ecosystem service value and landscape ecological risk and its spatial heterogeneity in Jilin Province, China.

Exploring the correlations between ecosystem service value (ESV) and landscape ecological risk and the driving factors of their spatial variations is crucial for maintaining regional ecological security and promoting sustainable human well-being. We carried out a grid resampling size of 5 km×5 km assessment units of Jilin Pro-vince based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. We quantitatively evaluated the landscape ecological risk and ESV, and analyzed their spatial-temporal variations. Employing bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis and the geographical detector models, we examined the correlation between the landscape ecological risk and ESV and explored the driving factors for their spatial variations. The results showed that ESV in Jilin Province decreased from 385.895 billion yuan to 378.211 billion yuan during 2000-2020. The eastern region was dominated by extremely low risk, medium risk, and low risk areas. In contrast, the western region was mainly composed of extremely high risk and high risk areas. There was a significant negative correlation and spatial negative correlation between landscape ecological risk and ESV in Jilin Province. Human activity and land use type were the important driving factors for spatial differentiation in both landscape ecological risk and ESV. Our findings suggested that scientific land use regulation and appropriate control of human activities are critically needed to optimize Jilin Province's ecological environment.

Combination of metagenomic next-generation sequencing and conventional tests unraveled pathogen profiles in infected patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Jilin Province of China.

Background: Infection is the main cause of death for patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, pathogen profiles still have not been reported in detail due to their heterogeneity caused by geographic region. Objective: To evaluate the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and summarize regional pathogen profiles of infected patients after HSCT. Methods: From February 2021 to August 2022, 64 patients, admitted to the Department of Hematology of The First Hospital of Jilin University for HSCT and diagnosed as suspected infections, were retrospectively enrolled. Results: A total of 38 patients were diagnosed as having infections, including bloodstream (n =17), pulmonary (n =16), central nervous system (CNS) (n =4), and chest (n =1) infections. Human betaherpesvirus 5 (CMV) was the most common pathogen in both bloodstream (n =10) and pulmonary (n =8) infections, while CNS (n =2) and chest (n =1) infections were mainly caused by Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV). For bloodstream infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (n =3), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n =1), and Candida tropicalis (n =1) were also diagnosed as causative pathogens. Furthermore, mNGS combined with conventional tests can identify more causative pathogens with high sensitivity of 82.9% (95% CI 70.4-95.3%), and the total coincidence rate can reach up to 76.7% (95% CI 64.1-89.4%). Conclusions: Our findings emphasized the importance of mNGS in diagnosing, managing, and ruling out infections, and an era of more rapid, independent, and impartial diagnosis of infections after HSCT can be expected.

Research on agri-environmental technology efficiency--take Jilin Province in China as an example.

From the perspective of the world agricultural development law, agricultural economic development and ecological environmental protection usually fall into a dichotomy paradox, according to the history of agricultural development in developed countries, they also experienced the rapid development of agriculture led to the destruction of the agro-ecological environment, which has become a key element hindering the sustainability of agriculture. Subsequently, developed countries rely on modern technology to achieve the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, crossing the paradoxical trap of economic development and ecological construction. At the present stage, China also shows the sharp contradiction between agricultural development and ecological construction, the traditional agricultural production methods of agricultural output has basically reached the limit, however, the established production methods of the ecological environment caused by the negative effects of the more and more serious, so that the agricultural environmental technology efficiency is not optimistic, so there is an urgent need to have a clear understanding of the main grain-producing areas of China's agricultural environmental technology efficiency and the factors affecting it. As an important grain producing area in China, Jilin Province's agricultural development level is in the forefront of the country, and it is also facing the contradiction between agricultural development and ecological environmental protection at the present stage. In order to realize the green transformation of agriculture and improve the technical efficiency of agricultural environment, it is necessary to rely on the optimisation of multi-dimensional factors such as technology and system. The study of agricultural environmental technical efficiency in Jilin Province has important theoretical significance and practical value for guiding other agricultural areas to realize the green transformation of production mode.

Landscape design of colleges based on the concept of ecological protection-taking Jilin Communications Polytechnic as an example.

The new design concept of being human-centered and emphasizing the organic construction of the ecological environment is progressively gaining popularity because of the growing influence of ecology, green building, and environmental protection theories. By examining the landscape architecture of colleges and universities, this study aims to investigate the principles of ecological and environmental protection and to advance the development of the ecological environment on campus. As a result, this study uses Jilin Communications Polytechnic as an example to discuss the state of the research on campus landscape design in Jilin province and its significance, examines the process of campus landscape design under the concept of ecological and environmental protection after introducing the study object, assessment indexes, and constituent aspects of campus landscape design. The findings indicate that the ecological protection concept-based landscape design mode exhibits the vitality of ecological landscape design, produces significant ecological benefits for university campuses, and significantly enhances the ecological environment of university campuses.

This paper reconstructs the gradually disappearing natural landscape system of the university campus, effectively promotes the healthy development of university campus ecology, emphasizes the ecological design with inherent cultural connotation and esthetic significance, and fully demonstrates the vitality of ecological landscape design, thus creating great ecological benefits for a university campus, effectively improving the ecological environment of university campus, and providing reference for further research on campus landscape design of Jilin province under the concept of ecological environmental protection.

Virome analysis of ticks and tick-borne viruses in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces, China.

Ticks transmit diverse human and animal pathogens, leading to an increasing number of public health concerns. In the forest area of northeast China, the spread of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) is severe; however, little is known about the tick virome composition and evolution. Herein, we investigate the geographical distribution of tick species and related viruses in Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces in Northeast China. To reveal the diversity of tick-borne viruses in parts of Heilongjiang and Jilin, ticks were collected at 9 collection points in these provinces in 2018. Morphology and molecular biology were used to identify tick species, and 1411 ticks from nine sampling sites were collected and analysed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Four Ixodidae were identified, including Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis japonica, Dermacentor silvarum, and Haemaphysalis concinna. After removal of host genome sequences, 13,003 high-quality NGS reads were obtained and annotated as viruses. Further phylogenetic analysis based on amplicons revealed that these viral sequences belong to Beiji nairovirus, Alongshan virus, bovine parvovirus-2, and tick-associated circovirus; some distinct sequences are closely related to Songling virus, Changping tick virus, Norway luteo-like virus 2, and Norway partiti-like virus 1. In summary, this study describes the prevalence of local ticks and variety of tick-borne viruses in northeastern China, providing a basis for further research on tick-borne viruses in the future.

Application of logistic differential equation models for early warning of infectious diseases in Jilin Province.

BACKGROUND: There is still a relatively serious disease burden of infectious diseases and the warning time for different infectious diseases before implementation of interventions is important. The logistic differential equation models can be used for predicting early warning of infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to compare the disease fitting effects of the logistic differential equation (LDE) model and the generalized logistic differential equation (GLDE) model for the first time using data on multiple infectious diseases in Jilin Province and to calculate the early warning signals for different types of infectious diseases using these two models in Jilin Province to solve the disease early warning schedule for Jilin Province throughout the year. METHODS: Collecting the incidence of 22 infectious diseases in Jilin Province, China. The LDE and GLDE models were used to calculate the recommended warning week (RWW), the epidemic acceleration week (EAW) and warning removed week (WRW) for acute infectious diseases with seasonality, respectively. RESULTS: Five diseases were selected for analysis based on screening principles: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), shigellosis, mumps, Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and scarlet fever. The GLDE model fitted the above diseases better (0.80 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.94, P <  0. 005) than the LDE model. The estimated warning durations (per year) of the LDE model for the above diseases were: weeks 12-23 and 40-50; weeks 20-36; weeks 15-24 and 43-52; weeks 26-34; and weeks 16-25 and 41-50. While the durations of early warning (per year) estimated by the GLDE model were: weeks 7-24 and 36-51; weeks 13-37; weeks 11-26 and 39-54; weeks 23-35; and weeks 12-26 and 40-50. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the LDE model, the GLDE model provides a better fit to the actual disease incidence data. The RWW appeared to be earlier when estimated with the GLDE model than the LDE model. In addition, the WRW estimated with the GLDE model were more lagged and had a longer warning time.

Response of vegetation variation to climate change and human activities in semi-arid swamps.

Vegetation is a sensitive factor in marsh ecosystems, which can provide nesting sites, foraging areas, and hiding places for waterfowl and can affect their survival environment. The Jilin Momoge National Nature Reserve, which consists of large areas of marshes, is located in the semi-arid region of northeast China and is an important stopover site for the critically endangered species of the Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus). Global climate change, extreme droughts and floods, and large differences in evaporation and precipitation in this region can cause rapid vegetation succession. In recent years, increased grain production and river-lake connectivity projects carried out in this area to increase grain outputs and restore wetlands have caused significant changes in the hydrological and landscape patterns. Therefore, research on the response of variation trends in vegetation patterns to the main driving factors (climate change and human activities) is critical for the conservation of the Siberian Crane. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, we obtained and processed the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data of the study area during the peak summer vegetation period for each year from 1984 to 2020, estimated the annual vegetation cover using Maximum value composites (MVC) method and the image dichotomy method, calculated and analyzed the spatial and temporal trends of vegetation cover, explored the response of vegetation cover change in terms of climate change and human activities, and quantified the relative contribution of both. The results revealed that first, from the spatial and temporal changes, the average annual growth rate of regional vegetation was 0.002/a, and 71.14% of the study area was improved. The vegetation cover showed a trend of degradation and then recovery, in which the percentage of high vegetation cover area decreased from 51.22% (1984-2000) to 28.33% (2001-2005), and then recovered to 55.69% (2006-2020). Second, among climate change factors, precipitation was more correlated with the growth of vegetation in the study area than temperature, and the increase in precipitation during the growing season could promote the growth of marsh vegetation in the Momoge Reserve. Third, overall, human activities have contributed to the improvement of vegetation cover in the study area with the implementation of important ecological projects, such as the return of farmland to wetlands, the return of grazing to grass, and the connection of rivers and lakes. Fourth, climate change and human activities jointly drive vegetation change, but the contribution of human activities in both vegetation improvement and degradation areas (85.68% and 78.29%, respectively) is higher than that of climate change (14.32% and 21.71%, respectively), which is the main reason for vegetation improvement or degradation in the study area. The analysis of vegetation pattern change within an intensive time series in semi-arid regions can provide a reference and basis for studying the driving factors in regions with rapid changes in vegetation and hydrological conditions.

Heterogeneity of wetland landscapes and their relationships with anthropogenic disturbances and precipitation in a semiarid region of China.

Wetlands in semiarid regions have important ecological functions and provide services that are partly dependent on the landscape pattern and structure; therefore, it is important to assess the heterogeneity of wetland landscape conditions for wetland conservation and management. Widespread wetland degradation resulting from main factors in semiarid regions highlights the need for exploring the heterogeneity of wetland landscapes and their relationships with anthropogenic disturbances and precipitation. Wetlands in our study referred to natural wetlands, including marshes, rivers, and lakes. We used overall landscape metrics to assess wetland landscape conditions and used grid landscape metrics at a scale of 30 km using a moving window method to explore the heterogeneity of wetland landscapes during the period (1986-2019) for western Jilin Province. We performed Spearman correlation analyses of the landscape metrics with the Hemeroby index (HI) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). We suggested that wetland landscape composition metrics (e.g., NP and PD) and configuration metrics (e.g., ED and AI) had positive correlations with HI by 2019 (p < 0.01); in addition, wetland landscape composition metrics (e.g., NP and PD) and configuration metrics (e.g., ED) were negatively correlated with MAP during 1986-2019. In conclusion, wetland landscapes have become increasingly fragmented over the past few decades (1986-2019) in western Jilin Province and the reasons for this result mainly include the household contract responsibility system, along with rural productivity, severe overgrazing and reclamation, and climate change. Wetland landscape composition was positively correlated with human interference and negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation.

A systematic coupling analysis framework and multi-stage interaction mechanism between urban land use efficiency and ecological carrying capacity.

Since urban land use efficiency (ULUE) bridges urbanization and economic efficiency while ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is the basic natural endowments support, the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between ULUE and ECC represents a combination of resource-intensive and environment-friendly, which can serve as an effective tool to evaluate sustainable development. We first quantified ULUE and ECC by super-efficiency DEA, DPSIR framework, and entropy-TOPSIS from a coupling perspective, attempting to compensate for the lack of clarity regarding urban sustainability constraint factors in the holistic perspective. On this basis, we formulate an integrated coupling coordination analysis framework comprising temporal and spatial characteristics, disorder diagnosis and interaction mechanism to synthesize the current scattered research directions into a logically clear framework and serve as a guide for future research on coupling. Moreover, to extend the macroscopic mechanism to a microscopic level at a theoretical level and facilitate more effective and sustainable urban management practices, this paper highlights a detailed multi-stage coupling mechanism corresponding to different stages of urban development, deriving an urban sustainable development spiral upward model. The results indicated that the CCD between ULUE and ECC exhibits a significant clustering pattern accompanied by a spatial spillover effect, which was closely related to economic development level and natural resource endowment. Besides, the disorder factor in the eastern Jilin province was ULUE while the western was ECC. Furthermore, the ULUE will take precedence over ECC breaking the old balance, in which technological innovation is the internal driving factor. These findings also illustrate the analysis framework and coupling mechanism mentioned in this paper can act as a nexus between interdisciplinary perspectives to enhance our understanding of changing social-ecological systems, thus serving urban sustainable development.

Clinical Epidemiology of Sporotrichosis in Jilin Province, China (1990-2019): A Series of 4969 Cases.

Introduction: This study was aimed to examine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of sporotrichosis in China and specifically Jilin Province, which is one of the areas with the highest incidence worldwide, and to provide data support for the global prevalence of sporotrichosis. Methods: A total of 4969 cases of sporotrichosis diagnosed at the Second Hospital of Jilin University from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2019 were collected. Results: In Jilin Province, the male-to-female ratio was 1:2, the average age at onset was 48 ± 1 years, and the average disease duration was 4.8 ± 2.7 months. The most susceptible individuals were farmers. Cases occurred more commonly in the winter and spring (71.5%) than in the summer and autumn (28.5%). The fixed type infection was more prevalent. Among the cases, 64.8% showed typical mycological changes, and 77.6% showed atypical pathological changes. Regarding the epidemiological characteristics of sporotrichosis in China, 6565 cases were retrieved from the literature from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Among them, the most affected area was Jilin Province, followed by Heilongjiang Province, and Liaoning Province. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.46. The fixed type infection was the most common. A total of 241 strains were identified by molecular biotechnology; among these, 217 were identified as Sporothrix globosa and 24 were identified as S. schenckii sensu stricto. Discussion: The results add clarity to the clinical epidemiology of sporotrichosis in China and specifically Jilin Province. We believe these data will help improve the epidemiology knowledge of sporotrichosis worldwide.

Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Jilin agricultural production zone from a low carbon perspective.

Agricultural eco-efficiency is a meaningful index that assesses agricultural sustainable development. Based on the super SBM-DEA approach incorporating agricultural carbon emissions and panel data regression, this study evaluates agricultural eco-efficiency and investigates the influencing factors in the agricultural production zone of Jilin Province. The empirical results show the following. (1) During the observation period, the average agricultural eco-efficiency exhibits a flat "M-shaped" fluctuating trend, a trend of fluctuant growth with phase characteristics, and the agricultural eco-efficiency of each county still has much room for improvement. (2) Significant spatial differences exist in agricultural eco-efficiency across counties. All of the studied counties, except for Nong'an, Huadian, Lishu, Yitong, Gongzhuling, and Qianguo, need to change their input and output structure to optimize agricultural eco-efficiency. (3) The panel data regression estimation results indicate that the agricultural technology extension level, multiple-crop index, agricultural economic development level, agricultural technology extension level, and urbanization level have close correlations with agricultural eco-efficiency. (4) The research findings have important implications for policy makers formulating agricultural environmental policies in accordance with the local conditions of various counties.

Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Cold Dishes and Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens in Jilin Province.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the microbial contamination status of cold dishes consumed by residents of Jilin Province and investigated to determine the incidence of four pathogenic bacteria in cold dishes. A total of 300 samples of cold dishes, including meat, vegetable, and mixed products, were collected from three purchasing places: supermarkets, farmers' markets, and mobile vendors. Viable bacteria were isolated using conventional culture methods. After separation, a quick and easy PCR was used to detect Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. The results showed that the total number of microbial colonies in the vegetable samples exceeded the standard rate of 8% and the total number of microbial colonies in the meat and mixed samples did not exceed the standard. The total microbial colony count exceeded the standard in all three procurement sites, with the highest exceedance of 7.4% in the mobile vendor sites. The detection rates of enterotoxigenic E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella, among the four pathogenic bacteria detected in all samples, were 4.3, 3.3, 3.0, and 1.0%, respectively. This study can be used to qualitatively assess the microbiological quality associated with cold dishes. It provides data to support the detection of possible food safety problems.

Study on Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Agricultural Carbon Emissions: A Case in Jilin Province, China, 1998-2018.

Reducing agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) is a key point to achieve green and sustainable development in agriculture. Based on the ACE statistics of Jilin Province in China from 1998 to 2018, this article considers the sources of ACE in depth, and fourteen different carbon sources are selected to calculate ACE. Besides, the paper explores the variation characteristics of ACE in Jilin Province, their structure, and the relationship between the intensity and density of the dynamic changes in ACE in the province in terms of time. Finally, this paper uses the Kaya identity and logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) to analyze the influential factors in ACE. The results show the following: (1) During 1998-2018, the amount of ACE in Jilin Province increased, with an average annual growth rate of 1.13%. However, the chain growth rate has been negative in recent years, which reflects that carbon emission reduction has been achieved to a certain extent. (2) The characteristics of ACE in Jilin Province during the years is that of the low-intensity, high density category. Furthermore, agricultural resource input is the main source of the planting industry's carbon emissions. From the perspective of animal husbandry, the proportion of CH4 decreased, while the proportion of N2O is relatively stable. (3) Based on the LMDI decomposition model, production efficiency, industrial structure, and labor are the three main factors that reduce ACE in Jilin Province. The economic level is the main factor of ACE, and it will be the most important factor leading to an increase in ACE in the short term. On the basis of comprehensive analysis, this article puts forward reasonable suggestions in terms of policy improvement, production mode and industrial structure adjustment, technological innovation, and talent introduction.

Comparison of the Photosynthetic Capacity of Phragmites australis in Five Habitats in Saline‒Alkaline Wetlands.

Water shortages have an important impact on the photosynthetic capacity of Phragmites australis. However, this impact has not been adequately studied from the perspective of photosynthesis. An in-depth study of the photosynthetic process can help in better understanding the impact of water shortages on the photosynthetic capacity of P. australis, especially on the microscale. The aim of this study is to explore the photosynthetic adaptation strategies to environmental changes in saline‒alkaline wetlands. The light response curves and CO2 response curves of P. australis in five habitats (hygrophilous, xerophytic, psammophytic, abandoned farmland, paddy field drainage) in saline‒alkaline wetlands were measured at different stages of their life history, and we used a nonrectangular hyperbolic model to fit the data. It was concluded that P. australis utilized coping strategies that differed between the growing and breeding seasons. P. australis in abandoned farmland during the growing season had the highest apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and photosynthetic utilization efficiency for weak light because of the dark environment. The dark respiration rate of P. australis in the drainage area of paddy fields was the lowest, and it had the highest values for photorespiration rate, maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax), photosynthetic capacity (Pa), biomass, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), and maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax). The light insensitivity of P. australis increased with the transition from growing to breeding season, and the dark respiration rate also showed a downward trend. Moreover, Vcmax and Jmax would decline when Pmax and Pa showed a declining trend, and vice versa. In other words, Vcmax and Jmax could explain changes in the photosynthetic capacity to some extent. These findings contribute to providing insights that Vcmax and Jmax can directly reflect the variation in photosynthetic capacity of P. australis under water shortages in saline‒alkaline wetlands and in other parts of world where there are problems with similarly harmful environmental conditions.

Risk Factors for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Industrial Regions of China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) seriously affects the patient's quality of life and prognosis. This multicenter cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of stable COPD and risk factors for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) in patients in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Methods: The study included 400 outpatients admitted to four secondary hospitals and four tertiary hospitals in Jilin Province from March 2018 to March 2019. Data on the general condition of stable COPD patients, patient self-management, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores, number of acute exacerbations in the past 12 months, and medications received during the study period were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data were obtained from 306 patients, and drug prescription data were obtained from 329 patients. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that CAT scores were positively correlated with the number of acute exacerbations. Age, education level, smoking history, disease duration, number of comorbidities, and the presence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) were associated with AECOPD. Moreover, the level of education, disease duration, and the presence of IHD were independent risk factors for AECOPD. Poor compliance due to the lack of understanding of the disease and the high cost of treatment is a risk factor for AECOPD. In addition, increased air pollution in industrial cities and vitamin D deficiency are closely related to AECOPD. Conclusion: Low education level, long disease duration, and the presence of IHD may promote the exacerbation and poor control of COPD in patients in Jilin Province.

Four new species of Torrenticola (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from Northeastern China.

Four new species of Torrenticola i.e. Torrenticola triextensio sp. nov., T. songhuaensis sp. nov., T. changbaiensis sp. nov., T. acrisarostrum sp. nov. are described from Jilin Province, P. R. China, bringing the total number of Chinese Torrenticola species to 36. This is the second report of water mites from Northeastern China in the last two decades.

Comprehensive assessment of heavy metals pollution of farmland soil and crops in Jilin Province.

As a major agricultural province in China, it is necessary to study the content of heavy metals in farmland soil and crop in Jilin Province and to evaluate the risks to ecology and human health. This study presented the work completed on 79 soil samples, 10 rice samples, 66 maize samples and 15 soybean samples collected from Jilin Province farmland and evaluated six heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) concentrations. The results showed that the concentrations of the six heavy metals in farmland soil and crop samples from Jilin Province basically met the soil standards and food health standards of China. The agricultural soil pollution spatial distribution was the most serious in the south of Jilin Province and the lightest in the west. The non-carcinogenic risks faced by children eating crops were higher than those of adults, but the carcinogenic risks were lower than those of adults. Both of the two health risks to adults and children from eating crops were very limited. The results would help determine the heavy metals pollution in farmland soil in Jilin Province efficiently and accurately and helped decision makers to achieve a balance between production and environmental regulation.

Two new species of the genus Tetracanthella (Collembola; Isotomidae) from China.

Two new species, T. dorsoduplex sp. nov. (Zhejiang province) and T. wui sp. nov. (Jilin Province) are described. The former species belongs to 'sylvatica' group and differs from all species of the genus by presence of only one pair of macrochaetae on Th. II-Abd. II and specific position of lateral s-chaetae on Abd. IV. The latter species belongs to 'stebaevae' group and differs from closely related species by chaetotaxy of dens (1/5) and abundant axial chaetotaxy of abdominal tergites.

[Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of county-scale environmental pollution in Jilin Province, Northeast China]. / å‰æž—çœåŽ¿åŸŸçŽ¯å¢ƒæ±¡æŸ“çš„æ—¶ç©ºæ¼”å˜ç‰¹å¾ä¸Žå½±å“å› ç´ .

Based on pollutant emissions and social-economic data during 2011 and 2015, we selec-ted the total emission index of four pollutants, including the industrial source, agricultural source, and urban living source. The comprehensive index of environmental pollution and sub-source pollution index were built to reflect the pollution of Jilin Province at county scale. Furthermore, the Moran's I, spatial-temporal transition analysis, and standard deviation ellipse analysis were used to quantitatively examine the spatial-temporal evolutionary characteristics of environmental pollution in Jilin Province. A spatial econometric model was built to analyze the influencing factors of environmental pollution. The results showed that environmental pollution in Jilin Province presented spatial agglomeration characteristics, which was mainly concentrating in central areas such as Changchun and Jilin cities. There were obvious regional differences in the spatial distribution of environmental pollution from different sources. There were spatial correlation of the total environmental pollution and agricultural source pollution separately at county scale in Jilin Province. The correlation structure stability of the spatial distribution of environmental pollution was high, which had path locking characteristic. The spatial distribution of environmental pollution showed a northwest-southeast distribution pattern and a spread from the center to the surroundings. The barycenter of environmental pollution moved in the area between 43.65-43.66° N and 125.83-125.84° E. The level of regional economic development, urbanization level and agricultural production were main driving factors for county-scale environmental pollution and industrial source pollution. The adjustment and optimization of industrial structure had improved the overall environmental pollution and industrial source pollution situation. Overuse of chemical fertilizers significantly increased agricultural source pollution. The level of economic development and urbanization were the main drivers of urban living source pollution. The overall environmental pollution and agricultural source pollution had spatial diffusion effects, and their pollution status was closely related to the overall environmental pollution and agricultural source pollution status in adjacent areas, respectively.

A Method for Improving Controlling Factors Based on Information Fusion for Debris Flow Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study in Jilin Province, China.

Debris flow is one of the most frequently occurring geological disasters in Jilin province, China, and such disasters often result in the loss of human life and property. The objective of this study is to propose and verify an information fusion (IF) method in order to improve the factors controlling debris flow as well as the accuracy of the debris flow susceptibility map. Nine layers of factors controlling debris flow (i.e., topography, elevation, annual precipitation, distance to water system, slope angle, slope aspect, population density, lithology and vegetation coverage) were taken as the predictors. The controlling factors were improved by using the IF method. Based on the original controlling factors and the improved controlling factors, debris flow susceptibility maps were developed while using the statistical index (SI) model, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, the random forest (RF) model, and their four integrated models. The results were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the spatial consistency of the debris flow susceptibility maps was analyzed while using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The results show that the IF method that was used to improve the controlling factors can effectively enhance the performance of the debris flow susceptibility maps, with the IF-SI-RF model exhibiting the best performance in terms of debris flow susceptibility mapping.