Work Intensification and Psychological Detachment: The Mediating Role of Job Resources in Health Service Workers.

Psychological detachment is the central experience of recovery from work-related stress that allows individuals to reduce burnout symptoms. The stressor-detachment model (SDM) contends that job resources moderate the relationship between job stressors and psychological detachment. We designed an instrument to measure job resources from a multidimensional perspective. A sample of n = 394 individuals from the health service industry participated in the study. Data indicate that job resources comprise a four-factor structure underlying a formative model. Consistent with the SDM, a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis suggests a moderating effect of job resources (e.g., control over working conditions, leaders' emotional support), between work intensification and psychological detachment. In addition; results indicate that workers who perceive high levels of support from their organization achieved higher levels of detachment compared with those who perceived low levels of support. Theoretical as well as practical implications for stress management practices, occupational health, and well-being are discussed.

Construção e evidências de validade do questionário de recursos e demandas laborais / Development and validity evidences of the job demands and resources questionnaire / Construcción y evidencias de validez del cuestionario de demandas y recursos laborales

Apesar do modelo de Recursos e Demandas de Trabalho (RDT) gerar inúmeras pesquisas teóricas relevantes, não existe instrumento proposto que mensure os diversos recursos e demandas hipotetizados. Baseando-se no modelo RDT, esse estudo tem como objetivo a construção e validação do Questionário de Recursos e Demandas de Trabalho (QRDT). Os itens foram criados apoiados em uma análise de literatura e passaram por diversas reformulações. A versão final do instrumento continha 44 itens. O QRDT foi respondido por 317 participantes entre 20 e 65 anos. No R, uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) com rotação oblimin foi conduzida, extraindo-se oito fatores. O coeficiente alfa dos fatores foi igual ou acima de 0,80, exceto para dois fatores. Não houve diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres. Sugere-se que mais estudos utilizando o QRDT sejam produzidos, colaborando para uma validade mais robusta e contribuindo para a qualidade de vida no trabalho.(AU)

Although the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model has generated many relevant theoretical studies, no instrument has been proposed to measures the various hypothesized demands and resources. Based on the JD-R model, this study aimed to construct and validate the Job Demands-Resources Questionnaire (JD-RQ). The items were developed based on a literature review and underwent several reformulations. The final version of the instrument contained 44 items. The JD-RQ was answered by 317 participants between 20 and 65 years of age. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with oblimin rotation was conducted, extracting 8 factors. The coefficient alpha values for the all the factors, except for 2, were .80 or above. There were no significant differences between men and women. It is suggested that more studies using the JD-RQ are carried out, collaborating for more robust validity and contributing to the quality of life at work.(AU)

A pesar de que el modelo de Demandas y Recursos Laborales (DRL) ha generado innumerables investigaciones teóricas relevantes, todavía no existe un instrumento propuesto que valore los diversos recursos y demandas sugeridas. Basándose en el modelo DRL, este estudio tuvo como objetivo la construcción y validación del Cuestionario de Demandas y Recursos Laborales (CDRL). Los ítems fueron creados respaldados en un análisis de literatura y pasaron por diversas reformulaciones. La versión final del instrumento contiene 44 ítems. El CDRL fue respondido por 317 participantes entre 20 y 65 años. Con R, fue realizado un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) con rotación oblicua, extrayendo 8 factores. El coeficiente alfa de los factores fue igual o superior a .80, excepto para dos factores. No hubo diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres. Se sugiere que sean realizados más estudios utilizando el CDRL, con el fin de obtener una validez más consistente, contribuyendo, de este modo, a la calidad de vida en el trabajo.(AU)

Desarrollo y validación de una escala para medir satisfacción con los recursos laborales / Development and validation of a measure of satisfaction with job resources

Resumen En los últimos 30 años la investigación empírica ha mostrado consistentemente la influencia positiva de los recursos laborales en el bienestar y desempeño de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, se ha señalado que estos resultados positivos se asocian más con la satisfacción percibida que con los recursos provistos por la organización. En esta línea y tomando como referencia el modelo HERO se diseñó un instrumento para medir la satisfacción con los recursos laborales. Los análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio utilizando muestras de 492 y 508 trabajadores, respectivamente, respaldaron las cuatro dimensiones teóricas propuestas: satisfacción con los recursos de tarea, satisfacción con los recursos de equipo, satisfacción con los recursos de líder y satisfacción con los recursos de la organización. Se obtuvieron índices satisfactorios de consistencia interna y de fiabilidad del constructo, y evidencias de validez test-criterio con medidas de engagement y burnout. Se discute el valor práctico del nuevo instrumento y algunas sugerencias tendientes a examinar en mayor profundidad sus propiedades psicométricas.

Abstract Over the past three decades research on job resources has consistently shown their influence on employees' well-being and performance. However, recent studies indicate that such outcomes are more strongly related to satisfaction with job resources than to perceived job resources. Accordingly, and based on HERO model, we developed a new measure to assess satisfaction with job resources. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic-results based on two independent samples consisting of 492 and 508 employees supported the four proposed dimensions: satisfaction with task resources, satisfaction with team resources, satisfaction with leader/supervisor resources, and satisfaction with organizational resources. Reliability analyses showed good internal consistency and construct reliability for the dimensions, and relations with burnout and work engagement scales supported for criterion validity. Practical implications of the new measure are discussed, and we also made some suggestions to examine the psychometric properties of the scale in a more substantial degree.

Psychological Flexibility as a Moderator of the Relationships between Job Demands and Resources and Occupational Well-being.

The aim of this study was to identify the relations of job demands (work overload) and job resources (social support and autonomy) with subjective job well-being (job satisfaction, positive affects, negative affects), as well as the moderating role of personal resources (psychological flexibility at work) in such relationships. The sample consisted of 4,867 Brazilian workers, of both sexes, with ages ranging from 18 to 67 years. Structural equation modelling showed that the work overload was negatively associated with job satisfaction (ß = -.06; p < .001) and positively with negative affects (ß = .24; p < .001); autonomy was positively associated with satisfaction (ß = .08; p < .001) and negative affects (ß = .08; p < .001); social support was positively associated with satisfaction (ß = .17; p < .001) and positive affects (ß = .20; p < .001), and negatively with negative affects (ß = -.21; p < .001); psychological flexibility moderated the relationships of overload with satisfaction (ß = .04; p < .05) and negative affects (ß = .08; p < .001); autonomy with positive affects (ß = -.06; p < .001) and social support with negative affects (ß = .08; p < .001). These results are discussed from perspective of a job demands-resources theory, especially with respect to the relevance of personal resources for the promotion of occupational well-being.