Construction of a Full-Process Nursing Service Platform for Day Surgery Patients Based on Kano Model.

This study was based on the Kano model and rely on the Internet hospital to build a day surgery patient full-process nursing service platform. Based on the Internet hospital's HIS system, nursing Yuanzhuo system, patient mobile terminal (WeChat) and other information systems. The platform was designed by following the WHO's conceptual framework for developing a scaling-up strategy. It was tested and refined by a pilot in a hospital in China. The full-process care platform for day surgery patients realizes information interconnection and interoperability of patient surgical consultation, surgical inquiries, and postoperative follow-up. It consists of a WeChat applet (client) and an online website (server). Pre-experiment results show that patients are more likely to recommend the hospital's day surgery to others. The mHealth-based perioperative full-process nursing service platform for day surgery patients can initially meet the health education needs, surgical consultation needs and follow-up needs of day surgery patients.

Demand analysis of health care services for community-dwelling breast cancer survivors based on the Kano model: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Providing satisfactory healthcare services for breast cancer survivors can effectively reduce their burden and the pressure on medical resources. The aim of this study was to explore health care service demands for community-dwelling breast cancer survivors using the Kano model. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2023 among breast cancer survivors discharged from a tertiary cancer hospital. Participants were asked to fill out a self-designed questionnaire involving the Kano model, which helped to categorize and prioritize the attributes of healthcare services. The questionnaire included 30 health care services. Additionally, their social demographic characteristics were collected during the survey. Results: A total of 296 valid questionnaires were collected, and demand attributes of the 30 health care services were evaluated. The findings revealed that one of 30 services was classified as "must-be attributes" (body image management), 13 as "one-dimensional attributes" (focused on medical security support, health management, and health counseling), 3 as "attractive attributes" (focused on communication needs and telehealth services), and 11 as "indifferent attributes" (mainly in the area of psycho-social services). Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors in the community have different levels of need for various health care services. It's crucial for healthcare providers to identify these needs and devise effective strategies to deliver the appropriate services. Services with must-be and one-dimensional attributes should be given priority, and efforts should be made to provide services with attractive attributes, hence improving the quality of life of breast cancer survivors.

Design of breastfeeding chairs for maternity rooms based on Kano-AHP-QFD: User requirement-driven design approach.

In maternity rooms, breastfeeding chairs are crucial pieces of equipment that greatly influence the breastfeeding experience. However, an abundance of data indicates that there are still issues with breastfeeding chairs, including inadequate support for breastfeeding, poor body type adaptability, and failure to adequately analyse the requirements of mothers and baby users. This study used an innovative research approach to breastfeeding chair design from the standpoint of user requirements to improve breastfeeding willingness and user experience. We propose a user requirement assessment design approach that integrates the Kano model, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and quality function development (QFD) based on the requirements of mother and baby groups. This approach was intended to build a user experience evaluation model for mother- and baby-friendly products. Following this approach to breastfeeding chair design, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) was used to assess the chair. Compared to the original breastfeeding chairs, the designs of breastfeeding chairs that met important requirements for mothers and infants, such as safety, hygiene, and breastfeeding support, resulted in an approximately 23 % increase in user satisfaction. This effectively improved the user experience of both mothers and infants. This approach is centred on the basic requirements of mothers and babies. It evaluates the essential requirements that impact the breastfeeding experiences of mothers and babies and provides multifaceted data regarding the attributes of the different requirements of mothers and babies. This results in theoretical research references for ensuing user-driven design products that cater to the requirements of mothers and their infants and play a pivotal role in formulating design guidelines for mother- and baby-friendly products.

An integrated design concept evaluation model based on interval valued picture fuzzy set and improved GRP method.

The objective of this research is to enhance the precision and efficiency of design concept assessments during the initial stages of new product creation. Design concept evaluation, which occurs at the end of the conceptual design phase, is a critical step in product development. The outcome of this evaluation significantly impacts the product's eventual success, as flawed design concepts are difficult to remedy in later stages. However, the evaluation of new product concepts is a procedure that encompasses elements of subjectivity and ambiguity. In order to deal with the problem, a novel decision-making method for choosing more logical new product concepts is introduced. Basically, the evaluation process is outlined in three main phases: the construction of evaluation index system for design concept alternatives, the calculation of weights for evaluation criteria and decision-makers, the selection of the best design concept alternatives. These stages are composed of a hybrid method based on kano model, multiplicative analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, the entropy of IVPFS and improved grey relational projection (GRP) under interval-valued picture fuzzy set (IVPFS). The novel approach integrates the strength of interval-valued picture fuzzy number in handling vagueness, the advantage of multiplicative AHP and the merit of improved GRP method in modelling multi-criteria decision-making. In final, the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through comparisons with other models. The potential applications of this study include but are not limited to product development, industrial design, and innovation management, providing decision-makers with a more accurate and comprehensive design concept evaluation tool.

An assessment of the perceptual elements of urban streets based on the context of urban tourism - The case of Sheffield.

Background: After COVID-19, more and more travelers are more inclined to walk in cities, and the sensory elements of streets can have a significant impact on urban tourism. Local residents and travelers have different perceptions of the street and preferences for its use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyse the streets from the perspective of locals and travelers. Method: In this study, a questionnaire was designed to obtain local residents' and travelers' evaluations of the sensory elements of the street and a quadrant analysis of the street's sensory elements was carried out using the IPA-Kano model. Results: The results of the study show that travelers are particularly concerned about maps and signage guidance, while local residents are more concerned about the green environment of the surroundings and how well it is maintained. Conclusion: There is a difference in the indicators chosen by the two groups in the results of the comparison between locals and travelers, and this study is hoped to provide some data support for future urban managers and designers to learn from and refer to for street improvements and renewal.

Demand analysis of general practice patients for teaching clinic based on Kano model.

Background: General practice teaching clinics play a crucial role in the training of general practitioners, as they are more likely to enhance reception skills compared to traditional training methods. The quality of teaching clinics is largely determined by the level of patient acceptance. In recent years, the Kano model has become increasingly popular in the healthcare industry and has been used to enhance patient satisfaction. The objective of this study is to apply the Kano model to investigate the needs of patients in general practice teaching clinics and to rank the significance of each demand. This study will serve as a reference for enhancing the service quality of teaching clinics and advancing the field of general practice. Methods: A total of 101 patients of general practice at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University in Jiangsu province were selected using a random convenience sampling method to participate in a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was designed by members of our team and was based on the Kano model. The study defined the service demand, assessed the impact of both satisfaction and dissatisfaction and created a matrix bubble diagram. Results: The study findings revealed that out of the 14 items of the general practice teaching clinic service demands, 1 item was categorized as a must-be requirement, 4 items were categorized as one-dimensional requirements, 2 items were categorized as an attractive requirement, 2 items were categorized as an indifferent requirement, and 5 items were categorized as mixed attributes. The findings of the matrix analysis showed that 4 items were situated in the area of one-dimensional attributes quadrant, 3 items were situated in the area of attractive attributes quadrant, 5 items were situated in the area of indifferent attributes quadrant, and 2 items were situated in the area of must-be attributes quadrant. Conclusion: The patients of general practice have positive attitudes toward teaching clinics. The findings can offer valuable insights for enhancing the quality of service and patient experience in general practice teaching clinics as well as for advancing the field of general practice.

A framework for prioritizing urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) implementation tasks based on residents' ecological demands and government policies.

With rapid urbanization, balancing urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) construction and residents' ecological demands (RED) has become an imperative but challenging issue for sustainable development. This study develops an integrated framework to systematically prioritize UEI implementation based on localized RED and government policies. We incorporate the Kano model and quality function deployment (QFD) approach to quantify the complex associations between various resident needs and existing policies. Taking Chengdu City as a case study, resident surveys and policy reviews are conducted to construct the demand-policy linkage matrix and determine the importance of UEI tasks. Results reveal that, (1) flood control capacity is most prioritized by RED, followed by wetland area and less PM2.5, while cultural service demands rank lower; (2) Forest coverage, green space development, wetland construction and park construction emerge as priority UEI implementation tasks that can maximize fulfilling RED. This novel framework enables adaptive customization of UEI planning for different cities through configurable modeling. It provides a valuable decision support tool that enables optimizing or improving the prioritization of UEI implementation tasks based on residents' preferences. The research results have important reference value for the prioritization of UEI implementation tasks.

Spiritual care needs and their attributes among Chinese inpatients with advanced breast cancer based on the Kano model: a descriptive cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Numerous previous research have established the need for spiritual care among patients with cancer globally. Nevertheless, there was limited research, primarily qualitative, on the spiritual care needs of Chinese inpatients with advanced breast cancer. Furthermore, the need for spiritual care was rarely explored using the Kano model. To better understand the spiritual care needs and attributes characteristics of inpatients with advanced breast cancer, this study examined the Kano model. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design study was conducted in the oncology departments of three tertiary grade-A hospitals in China from October 2022 to May 2023. To guarantee high-quality reporting of the study, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Checklist was used. Data on the demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale (NSTS), and the Kano model-based Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Attributes Scale (K-NSTAs) were collected through convenience sampling. The Kano model, descriptive statistics, two independent samples t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The overall score for spiritual care needs was 31.16 ± 7.85. The two dimensions with the highest average scores, "create a good atmosphere" (3.16 ± 0.95), and the lowest average scores, "help religious practice" (1.72 ± 0.73). The 12 items were distributed as follows: three attractive attributes were located in Reserving Area IV; five one-dimensional attributes were distributed as follows: three one-dimensional attributes were located in Predominance Area I, and two were found in Improving Area II; two must-be attributes were located in Improving Area II; and two indifference attributes were located in Secondary Improving Area III. CONCLUSION: The Chinese inpatients with advanced breast cancer had a middle level of spiritual care needs, which need to be further improved. Spiritual care needs attributes were defined, sorted, categorized, and optimized accurately and perfectly by the Kano model. And "create a good atmosphere" and "share self-perception" were primarily one-dimensional and must-be attributes. In contrast, the items in the dimensions of "share self-perception" and "help thinking" were principally attractive attributes. Nursing administrators are advised to optimize attractive attributes and transform indifference attributes by consolidating must-be and one-dimensional attributes, which will enable them to take targeted spiritual care measures based on each patient's characteristics and unique personality traits.

Investigation and Analysis of Health Education Needs of Patients Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Based on Kano Model / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the health education needs of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation and to provide a basis for the formulation of targeted health education programs.Methods A self-designed questionnaire on the health education needs of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing radiofrequency ablation was designed based on the Kano model.A total of 190 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent radiofrequency ablation in Grade 3A Hospital of Yunnan Province from February to July 2023 were investigated,and their health education needs were determined according to the Kano model.Results A total of 190 questionnaires were sent out,180 valid questionnaires were recovered,and the effective recovery rate was 94.74%.Among the 32 health education needs of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation,including 6 necessary needs,13 expected needs,11 charismatic needs,and 2 undifferentiated needs,no reverse demand was found.The importance-satisfaction matrix diagram shows that 12 items are located in the dominant area,11 items in the area to be improved,7 items in the maintenance area,and 2 items in the secondary improvement area.Conclusion The Kano model can analyze the health education needs of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in multiple dimensions,and provide a reference for doctors and nurses to further develop the content and form of patient-oriented health education.

Study on operating room service requirements of patients undergoing foraminal endoscopic surgery based on Kano model / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To conduct a qualitative analysis of the operating room service demands of patients undergoing foraminal endoscopic surgery based on the Kano model, and the influence of satisfaction on each demand was calculated to provide a basis for the development of targeted improvement strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study method was adopted to select 510 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with foraminal endoscopic surgery from January 2022 to June 2023 by convenient sampling method. Kano two-factor questionnaire was compiled from five dimensions of surgical environment needs, information and knowledge needs, surgical safety needs, surgical nursing quality needs, emotional support needs and psychological needs for investigation, and the attribute classification of needs was determined. The service demand importance-satisfaction matrix of patients undergoing foraminoscopic surgery was drawn.Results:Finally, 472 patients were enrolled. with 217 males and 255 females, aged (57.78 ± 12.61) years old. Among the 42 operating room service needs of patients undergoing foraminal endoscopic surgery, 12 were attractive attributes (28.57%), 7 were expected attributes (16.67%), 17 were necessary attributes (40.48%), and 6 were indifferent attributes (14.29%). The importance-satisfaction matrix shows that there were 2 improvement needs for the first best, 2 improvement needs for the middle best and 15 improvement needs for the second best.Conclusions:Kano model can clearly define the demand attributes of patients undergoing local anesthesia foraminal endoscopic surgery and the influence on their satisfaction, effectively guide the priority improvement sequence of demands, and facilitate managers to scientifically and accurately improve surgical patient satisfaction.

What landscape elements are needed for hospital healing spaces? Evidence from an empirical study of 10 compact hospitals.

Background: Modern medical research shows that a rationally planned landscape environment helps patients recover. With the growing number of hospital patients and the tightening of per capita medical landscape land, the use of limited landscape resources to serve patients has become challenging. Methods: This study focused on the landscape environment of 10 hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. Based on the KANO theoretical model, a survey questionnaire was designed and administered to 410 participants. The data were analyzed based on demand attributes, importance, sensitivity, and group differences. Results: The maintenance requirements were the most important item in the sensitivity ranking. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the users need a safe, quiet, and private environment, owing to their higher requirements, including visual healing, rehabilitation activities, shading and heat preservation, and medical escort. Moreover, adolescents and older adult patients have common and contradictory environmental needs. For example, the landscape environment should provide both an active space and a quiet rehabilitation environment. Conclusion: This study evaluates how landscape resources can be better utilized from the perspective of the user and expands the theory of healing landscapes, which has practical implications for hospital renovation and landscape environment strategies.

Application of Kano model for optimizing the training system among nursing internship students: a mixed-method Egyptian study.

BACKGROUND: Clinical experience is an important component of nursing education because it translates students' knowledge into practice, which serves as the cornerstone of nursing practice in health care delivery. PURPOSE: The study aims to explore the quality attributes required for optimizing the training system of nursing internship students using Kano model. METHODS: A concurrent exploratory sequential triangulation design was used for mixed-methods research. A total of 295 nursing internship students (Target Population) were recruited (whole-population sampling) from the study settings in Egypt. Of them, 280 (97.2%) agreed to participate in the study and completed the interview and the self-administered questionnaire. Data collection was done over 6 months from February to August, 2022. Inferential statistics and thematic data analysis were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: Findings revealed that there were 35 fundamental attributes required for high-quality nursing students' internship training. Kano model was used to categorize and prioritize the 35 quality attributes. Kano analysis revealed that 22 attributes were categorized as "attractive" and 11 attributes were as categorized as "must be" and two were indifferent attributes. CONCLUSION: Incorporating the voice of nurse interns during their training is the key to providing efficient and high-quality internship training experience. It could give realistic impressions about the drawbacks of training and proposed solutions. IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY: Nurse managers and educators in clinical settings and educational institutions should put much emphasis on the training attributes and pillars to ensure that nursing internship students are mastering the skills of competent alumni. Provision of conducive training environment that fulfill the basic needs of internship students to maintain passion for learning as well as commitment of internship students to nursing profession will improve the satisfaction level and quality of education, training, and practice. Also, incorporating internship students support system with motivation strategies are helpful tools to maintain exemplary performance of internship students during the training period.

Research on innovative design of community mutual aid elderly care service platform based on Kano model.

The mutual aid elderly care model is important to solve the world population's current aging problem. However, although mutual aid elderly care has been developing in China for more than 20 years, there is still a lack of a systematic way to participate in mutual aid elderly care services, which has led to a slow development of mutual aid elderly care. Therefore, in order to promote the development of mutual aid elderly care and the transition of social elderly care towards sustainability, this study analyzes the actual elderly care service needs and proposes new design strategies for mutual aid elderly care service platforms. In this study, first, the actual elderly care needs were obtained through interview methods and offline questionnaire surveys. The results showed that the elderly have a high demand for health, daily life, entertainment, and spiritual needs, which can be used to establish a comprehensive Kano model. Based on the priority of the needs hierarchy, mutual aid elderly care resources can be allocated rationally. For example, when applying the research results to the design of mutual aid elderly care service platforms, the "Must-be quality" is first satisfied, followed by the "One-dimensional quality" and the "Attractive quality" according to the actual situation. Furthermore, the mutual aid elderly care service platform is divided into a basic version and a professional version to promote the actual needs of different groups of elderly people. In conclusion, the study aims to promote the development of mutual aid elderly care and the transition of social elderly care towards sustainability. The research value of this study lies in its potential to alleviate the slow development of the current mutual aid elderly care model in China and provide a reference for solving the problem of global aging population.

The satisfaction of the undergraduate nursing classroom teaching quality based on the Kano model in China.

Objectives: To investigate the satisfaction of the undergraduate nursing classroom teaching quality based on the Kano model and provide a reference for improving the overall quality of educational services. Methods: A total of 621 sophomores and juniors of nursing at Hubei University of Medicine were selected to conduct questionnaires based on the Kano model using convenient sampling. Results: The 16 items are all a one-dimensional factor. The satisfaction and importance are 0.77 to 0.86 and -0.58 to -0.80, respectively. In the quadrant analysis chart, there are four items in the dominant area, three items for improvement, three in the observation area, and six in the retention area. Conclusion: Analyzing the satisfaction of nursing undergraduates' classroom teaching quality can help us effectively understand the intrinsic needs of students and improve the overall quality of nursing undergraduates' curriculum teaching services.

Improving the elicitation of critical customer requirements through an understanding of their sensitivity.

Customer requirements (CRs) are the essential driven forces of product development. Constrained by the rigid budget and time allocated to product development, much attentions and resources should be paid on critical customer requirements (CCRs). Product design occurs with an increasingly frenetic pace of change in today's competitive market, and the changes of external environment will lead to the changes of CRs. Thus, involving the sensitivity of CRs toward influence factors to identify CCRs is of great significance to grasp the directions of product evolution and enhance market competitiveness. To fill this gap, this study proposes a CCRs identification method integrated Kano model and structural equation model (SEM). First, the Kano model is adopted to determine the category of each CR. Second, based on CRs' categorization, an SEM model is established to measure the sensitivity of CRs toward the turbulence of influence factors. Then the importance of each CR is calculated, and by integrating the sensitivity and importance, a four-quadrant diagram is constructed to identify the CCRs. Finally, the identification of CCRs for smartphone is implemented as an example to demonstrate the feasibility and additional value of the proposed method.

Synthesis of strategies in post-COVID-19 public sector supply chains under an intuitionistic fuzzy environment.

Entities in public sector supply chains (SCs) often operate independently despite having interdependent objectives. Such a fragmented operational design poses several problems magnified by the presence of necessary public health measures fueled by COVID-19. This work contributes to the domain literature by introducing an overarching framework for synthesizing strategies in public sector SCs. The underlying component is the translation of information from the upstream to the downstream entities of the SCs, which is carried out by a Kano-enhanced quality function deployment. The proposed framework introduces intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) decision maps with the aid of the full consistency method to incorporate inherent interrelationships among strategies in the translation agenda. Under an IF environment that better captures judgment uncertainties, an actual case study of a multi-level public sector SC motivated by a government-funded project under the COVID-19 pandemic is demonstrated in this work. Findings of the case suggest that the government prioritizes meeting all project objectives. This requirement is reflected in the downstream SC. The project planning entity focuses on creating an overarching plan of operations, material request entity on complying with government procurement protocols, and maintaining public health and safety in operations for the procurement entity. Results show the effective synthesis of strategies across the SC, ensuring SC integration and collaboration. The case study demonstrates that maintaining public health and safety is a significant component of post-COVID-19 public sector SCs. Several practical insights on the synthesis of public sector SC strategies are also provided in this work.

Spiritual care needs among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe chronic heart failure: An observational study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the spiritual care needs and their attributes among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe chronic heart failure (CHF) based on the Kano model, in order to provide a reference for improving the quality and satisfaction of spiritual care. METHODS: An observational design was implemented, and the STROBE Checklist was used to ensure quality reporting of the study. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, and the Kano model-based Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Attributes Scale were used. A convenience sample of 451 patients were selected from 2 hospitals. Descriptive statistics, and Kano model were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The total score of spiritual care needs was 29.95 ± 7.51. Among the 12 items, 3 items were attractive attributes, all of which were located in Reserving Zone IV; 5 items were one-dimensional attributes, of which 3 were located in Predominance Zone I and 2 were located in Improving Zone II; 2 items were must-be attributes, all of which were located in Improving Zone II; and 2 items were indifference attributes, all of which were located in Secondary Improving Zone III. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The spiritual care needs among Chinese elders hospitalized for severe CHF were moderate. The must-be and one-dimensional attributes mainly focus on "creating a good atmosphere" and "sharing self-perception" dimensions, while attractive attributes mainly focus on "sharing self-perception" and "helping thinking" dimensions. It is suggested that hospital authority should develop and innovate attractive attributes on the basis of maintaining and perfecting must-be and one-dimensional attributes, and objectively analyze and optimize indifference attributes.

Practice of value chain management for pre-hospitalized patient communication in a maternal and child health hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

Optimizing pre-hospitalized services is a powerful measure for hospitals to improve patient experience. In June 2022, a certain maternal and child health hospital had carried out a value chain management for pre-hospitalized patient communication based on patient needs. The Kano model and value chain theory were used to analyze the patient demand attributes, clarify the value-added activities of pre-hospitalized patient communication value chain, and implement value-added activities, including carrying out the GLTC doctor-patient communication model, optimizing the information management system of the admission preparation center, establishing a hospital preparation group management platform, and introducing the " Zhejiang Nursing" platform, to achieve the added value of key value chains in patient communication, improve the quality of pre-hospitalized services, and improve patient experience. After one year of practice, the pre-hospitalized patient management indexes, including the unregistration rate after issuing the hospitalization certificate, the cancellation rate after registration, and the average length of stay had decreased from 9%, 3%, and 4.65 days before practice (June 2021 to May 2022) to 6%, 1%, and 4.13 days after practice (June 2022 to May 2023), respectively. As well as the timely completion rate of pre-hospital inspection and the average satisfaction rate of pre-hospitalized patients had increased from 93% and 94% to 98% and 97%, respectively. The practice had achieved good application effects, so as to provide references for improving the level of pre-hospitalized services and improving the patient experiences in medical institutions in our country.

Research on the demand and influencing factors of home care social support services for the elderly with dementia in cities / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the demand and influencing factors of home care social support services for the elderly with dementia in urban areas, and provide a decision-making basis for improving home care social support services for the elderly with dementia.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From March 2021 to March 2022, 386 family caregivers of elderly people with dementia were randomly selected from tertiary hospitals in four central urban areas of Wuhan by stratified sampling method. A questionnaire was used to investigate the current situation and attributes of the demand for home care social support services for the elderly with dementia in urban areas. The importance of the demand for home care social support services for the elderly with dementia in urban areas was calculated by the Better-Worse coefficient method and sensitivity formula method. The optimal scale regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors and influencing forces of independent variables on service demand.Results:The score of social support service demand for home care was (88.6 ± 29.71) points. The Better coefficient of demand for all social support services was greater than the absolute value of the Worse coefficient. One requirement (pressure ulcer prevention and treatment guidance) was a one-dimensional attribute, and the remaining 29 items were charm attributes. The top 6 items in importance ranking were 2 items of informational support (pressure ulcer prevention and treatment guidance; telephone counselling guidance for family caregivers), 1 items of instrumental support (financial assistance for family caregivers) and 3 items of social companionship support(cultural recreation/physical activity activities, door-to-door accompaniment, accompany the elderly to social activities). Optimal scale regression model test: all four models of social support service demand were statistically significant ( F values were 2.75-4.23, all P <0.01). The gender, education level, number of children of the elderly with dementia, age,education level, self rated physical condition of family caregivers, the average monthly income of families, and the relationship between family caregivers and the elderly with dementia were the influencing factors of self-esteem support (all P<0.05). The educational level, marital status, type of dementia of the elderly with dementia, educational level, self rated physical condition of family caregivers, the average monthly income of the family, and the relationship between family caregivers and the elderly with dementia were the influencing factors of informational support (all P <0.05). The educational level and type of dementia of the elderly with dementia, the educational level, self rated physical condition of family caregivers, and the average monthly income of families were the influencing factors of social companionship support (all P <0.05). The type of dementia of the elderly with dementia, the self rated physical condition of family caregivers, the average monthly income of families, and the relationship between family caregivers and elderly relatives were the influencing factors of instrumental support (all P <0.05). Five times for caregiver human resources, 3 times for family economic resources and 3 times for the elderly with dementia, and 1 time for relatives resource factors were the top 3 times of independent variable influence force entered the ranking. Conclusions:The demand for social support services for home care of the elderly with dementia is low, with the characteristics of expectant tendency and centralized demand. The provision of home-based care social support services should give priority to meeting the needs of "pressure ulcer prevention and treatment guidance", and provide financial assistance, counseling and guidance, social companionship and other services as much as possible. Caregiver human resources are the key factors affecting home care social support services, family economic resources and the elderly with dementia are important factors, it is recommended to fully tap the potential of relatives resources and community resources.

Survey on use demands of wise classroom for medical students based on learning experience / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The objectives of the paper is to more accurate understand the use demands of wise classrooms for medical students, and provide scientific basis for wise classroom managers when formulating wise classroom environment optimization strategies. In the paper, the questionnaire survey method was used to investigate 23 indicators in 4 dimensions of hardware facilities, information technology, teaching methods and medical wise classroom features. And the data of 1 074 questionnaires were analyzed using KANO model analysis technology and satisfaction importance quadrant chart. Among the 23 demand indicators, there are 6 required attributes, 7 expected attributes, 9 charm attributes and 1 non-differential attribute. According to the theoretical importance ranking of the KANO model, wise classroom managers should first improve the quality of indicators related to necessary attributes, give priority to the quality of indicators related to expected attributes, and finally meet the requirements of indicators related to charm attributes. Relevant policies and construction suggestions for smart classrooms are put forward from the three levels of school top-level design, teachers and managers in the paper.