Objective sleep and cardiometabolic biomarkers: results from the community of mine study.

Study Objectives: Examining multiple dimensions of sleep health may better capture associations between sleep and health risks, including cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Hispanics have elevated risk for inadequate sleep and CMD biomarkers. Few studies have explored whether associations between sleep and CMD differ by Hispanic ethnicity. Methods: Leveraging data from the Community of Mine (CoM) study, a cross-sectional investigation of 602 ethnically diverse participants, we derived accelerometer-measured sleep duration and efficiency, and self-reported sleep quality. Accelerometer-measured sleep exposures were analyzed both as continuous and categorical variables. Multivariate and quantile regression models were used to assess associations between sleep and CMD biomarkers (insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol), controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking status, and body mass index. We examined the potential effect modification of Hispanic ethnicity. Results: We observed mixed results based on CMD biomarkers and sleep exposure. Increased sleep duration was significantly related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adjusted models (estimate = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11). Poor sleep efficiency was associated with greater insulin resistance in the adjusted quantile (estimate = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.36) model at the 90th percentile. Self-reported sleep quality was not associated with CMD outcomes. There was no evidence of effect modification by Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions: In this cohort, sleep health measures were found to have mixed and at times opposing effects on CMD outcomes. These effects did not demonstrate an interaction with Hispanic ethnicity.

Unequal outcomes: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and wellbeing among Hispanic/Latinos with varying degrees of 'Belonging'.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought disparities in mental and physical health faced by ethnic minorities to the forefront. In the U.S., Hispanic/Latino communities are plagued by elevated rates of psychiatric conditions and trauma. Exacerbating this burden, common discourse often implicates Hispanic/Latino ethnicity as a causal factor, despite clear evidence of systemic causes, including lack of access to resources, and discrimination. AIMS: To parse apart Hispanic/Latino ethnicity from determinants of wellbeing (such as trauma, financial status, and loneliness), we examined mental and physical health during COVID-19 via an online, anonymous survey available in both English and Spanish. METHODS: We examined wellbeing across three participant groups, including two groups of Hispanic/Latino adults with varying degrees of 'belonging' to the dominant culture in their country of residence: Hispanic/Latino individuals living in Spanish-speaking and/or Central or Latin American countries (Group 1), Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the U.S. (Group 2), and non-Hispanic/Latino individuals living in the U.S. (Group 3). RESULTS: Results demonstrated there were significant differences between groups in specific aspects of wellbeing. Most importantly, results showed Hispanic/Latino ethnicity does not significantly predict psychosocial wellbeing or psychosis risk, and identified several predictors of these outcomes, including U.S. residence, trauma, loneliness, and age. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that Hispanic/Latino ethnicity itself is not a causal factor of poor psychosocial wellbeing or elevated psychosis risk and instead identify several social and systemic causal factors commonly faced by Hispanic/Latino Americans. We suggest that language reporting on minority mental health acknowledge systemic factors as contributing to poor outcome rather than referring to ethnicity as if it were a causal factor.

Increasing Representation of Epidemiologists From Around the World in the Society for Epidemiologic Research: The Case of Mexico.

Mexico has a population of 129 million and is considered one of the most unequal countries in the world, suffering from widespread health disparities. There is a pressing need to strengthen epidemiologic capacity in Mexico, to help solve the complex health problems the country faces and to reduce health inequities. However, the representation of Mexican epidemiologists in the largest epidemiologic society in North America is low, despite the short distance to the United States. In this commentary, we discuss the barriers to higher representation of Mexican epidemiologists within the Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER), including language barriers, costs, and regional necessities. We also discuss opportunities to expand Mexican SER representation and collaboration. Overall, we hope that this is a call towards expanding SER global participation and starting a conversation on a common agenda for epidemiologic research.

Understanding the relationship between Food Insecurity, Excess Body Weight, and Mental Health among Latinos in California. 2014 / Entendiendo la relación entre la Inseguridad Alimentaria, Exceso de Peso y Salud Mental en la Población Latina en California. 2014

Abstract: Objectives: 1)To determine the association between food insecurity and excess body weight among Latinos in California, and whether it differs by gender. 2) To examine the role of psychological distress as a mediator in this relationship. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in adults participating in the California Health Interview Survey in 2014, who self-reported as Latinos (n=3779). Using logistic regression, we examined the associations of interest while controlling for key covariates. Results: Food insecurity was positive and significantly associated with excess body weight in Latino women, but not men. Psychological distress was positively associated with food insecurity, but not with excess body weight. Conclusions: Psychological distress did not appear to be a mediator in the food insecurity-body weight association in this sample. More studies are needed to fully understand the relationships among mental health, obesity and food insecurity.

Resumen: Objetivos: 1) Determinar la asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y el exceso de peso corporal entre los latinos en California, así como, si esta relación difiere según el género. 2) Examinar el papel del malestar psicológico como mediador en esta relación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis transversal con las personas adultas que se autodefinieron como latinos en la Encuesta de salud de California en el 2014 (n = 3779). Usando la regresión logística, se examinaron las asociaciones de interés mientras se controlaron las covariables clave. Resultados: La inseguridad alimentaria se asoció positiva y significativamente con el exceso de peso corporal en las mujeres latinas, pero no así en los hombres latinos. El malestar psicológico se asoció positivamente con la inseguridad alimentaria, pero no con el exceso de peso corporal. Conclusiones: El distrés psicológico no parece ser un mediador en la asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y el exceso de peso en esta muestra. Se necesitan más estudios para comprender completamente la relación entre la salud mental, el exceso de peso y la inseguridad alimentaria.

Efficacy, safety, tolerability and population pharmacokinetics of tedizolid, a novel antibiotic, in Latino patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections

Abstract Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections are caused mainly by Gram-positive bacteria which are often treated with intravenous vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid, with potential step down to oral linezolid for outpatients. Tedizolid phosphate 200 mg once daily treatment for six days demonstrated non-inferior efficacy, with a favourable safety profile, compared with linezolid 600 mg twice daily treatment for 10 days in the Phase 3 ESTABLISH-1 and -2 trials. The objective of the current post-hoc analysis of the integrated dataset of ESTABLISH-1 and -2 was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tedizolid (N = 182) vs linezolid (N = 171) in patients of Latino origin enrolled into these trials. The baseline demographic characteristics of Latino patients were similar between the two treatment groups. Tedizolid demonstrated comparable efficacy to linezolid at 48–72 h in the intent-to-treat population (tedizolid: 80.2% vs linezolid: 81.9%). Sustained clinical success rates were comparable between tedizolid- and linezolid-treated Latino patients at end-of-therapy (tedizolid: 86.8% vs linezolid: 88.9%). Tedizolid phosphate treatment was well tolerated by Latino patients in the safety population with lower abnormal platelet counts at end-of-therapy (tedizolid: 3.4% vs linezolid: 11.3%, p = 0.0120) and lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (tedizolid: 16.5% vs linezolid: 23.5%). Population pharmacokinetic analysis suggested that estimated tedizolid exposure measures in Latino patients vs non-Latino patients were similar. These findings demonstrate that tedizolid phosphate 200 mg, once daily treatment for six days was efficacious and well tolerated by patients of Latino origin, without warranting dose adjustment.

Efficacy, safety, tolerability and population pharmacokinetics of tedizolid, a novel antibiotic, in Latino patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.

Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections are caused mainly by Gram-positive bacteria which are often treated with intravenous vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid, with potential step down to oral linezolid for outpatients. Tedizolid phosphate 200mg once daily treatment for six days demonstrated non-inferior efficacy, with a favourable safety profile, compared with linezolid 600mg twice daily treatment for 10 days in the Phase 3 ESTABLISH-1 and -2 trials. The objective of the current post-hoc analysis of the integrated dataset of ESTABLISH-1 and -2 was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tedizolid (N=182) vs linezolid (N=171) in patients of Latino origin enrolled into these trials. The baseline demographic characteristics of Latino patients were similar between the two treatment groups. Tedizolid demonstrated comparable efficacy to linezolid at 48-72h in the intent-to-treat population (tedizolid: 80.2% vs linezolid: 81.9%). Sustained clinical success rates were comparable between tedizolid- and linezolid-treated Latino patients at end-of-therapy (tedizolid: 86.8% vs linezolid: 88.9%). Tedizolid phosphate treatment was well tolerated by Latino patients in the safety population with lower abnormal platelet counts at end-of-therapy (tedizolid: 3.4% vs linezolid: 11.3%, p=0.0120) and lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (tedizolid: 16.5% vs linezolid: 23.5%). Population pharmacokinetic analysis suggested that estimated tedizolid exposure measures in Latino patients vs non-Latino patients were similar. These findings demonstrate that tedizolid phosphate 200mg, once daily treatment for six days was efficacious and well tolerated by patients of Latino origin, without warranting dose adjustment.