Protein intake by master swimmers: Implications for practice in Sports Nutrition-A cross-sectional study.

Background: Proteins are essential for the maintenance, repair, and growth of muscle mass. This is particularly important for master athletes because aging has been associated with loss of muscle mass, function, and strength. Moreover, the timing of intake has been shown important for the best protein utilization. Aim: To analyze timing, quantity, and source of dietary protein in competitive master athletes according to current recommendations. Methods: Twenty-one male master swimmers (47.9 ± 10.0 years; 79.2 ± 6.5 kg; 179.1 ± 5.5 cm; 23.5 ± 4.9% body fat; 73.3 ± 4.2% lean mass) participated in this cross-sectional study. Protein intake was analyzed based on 7-day food records, regarding quantity, timing, and sources of intake. Protein intake was evaluated according to current international sports nutrition guidelines, including the International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand. Body fat (%) and lean mass (%) were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Participants' mean protein intakes were 1.9 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, 0.6 ± 0.2 g/kg/meal post-training, and 33.5 ± 23.9 g during the pre-sleep period. Daily intake was within the recommended values of 1.4 and 2.0 g/kg/day (p = 0.01 and 0.147, respectively). Mean pre-sleep intake was within the recommendation values of 30-40 g (p = 0.28 and 0.147, respectively). Most of the daily protein intake was consumed at lunch (66.7 ± 6.9 g) and dinner (48.0 ± 4.5 g). Regarding protein sources, intakes from animal, vegetal, and supplements were, respectively, 65.7%, 29.2%, and 5.1%. Conclusion: Master swimmers presented a total protein intake within the recommendations for a daily basis, but the majority of intake was at lunch and dinner. Protein intake could be better distributed throughout the day to optimize protein synthesis. Guidance on daily protein intake distribution should be reinforced in clinical practice.

Effects of the concentration of seeds, finite time-dependent supersaturations, and viscosity on the crystallization kinetics of monosodium urate monohydrate.

CONTEXT: Although the crystallization of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) has a crucial role in the occurrence of gout, which is an inflammatory arthritis disease, theoretical models have not been able to describe all features observed in its seeded growth kinetics. In contrast to previous modeling approaches, we show that our model can reproduce qualitative features typically observed in experiments. In particular, our results show that the higher the initial supersaturation and the lower the viscosity, the faster the crystallization kinetics, and they also indicate that there are distinct growth regimes for low and high concentrations of seeds. METHODS: In this work, we introduce an alternative approach based on a master equation that allows us to incorporate hypotheses for the seeded growth crystallization of MSUM in a more transparent way. Such an approach includes not only effects that are related to the finite time-dependent supersaturation and concentration of seeds, but it can also be used to determine how the viscosity of the solution can affect the crystallization kinetics of MSUM molecules.

Paisagem e sua relação com o lazer nos planos diretores de Campinas / Landscape and its relatioship with leisure in Campinas master plans

Este estudo analisa a operacionalização do conceito de paisagem nos Planos Diretores de Campinas de 2006 e 2016. Metodologicamente, foram analisadas as legislações em busca dos termos-chave "lazer" e "paisagem" e suas interações. Ainda que o Estatuto da Cidade (2001) vise ordenar as funções sociais da propriedade urbana, sua abordagem generalista carece de diretrizes específicas para os Planos Diretores, deixando lacunas na definição de aspectos como lazer e paisagem. Os Planos Diretores campineiros historicamente deram pouco espaço à tais temas; somente a partir de 2006 houve uma incorporação mais profunda desses aspectos, especialmente em 2018, onde o lazer passou a ser considerado como um direito social e a paisagem foi abordada de forma mais abrangente.

This study examines the operationalization of the landscape concept in the Master Plans of Campinas from 2006 to 2016. Methodologically, legislation was analyzed to identify key terms such as "recreation" and "landscape" and their interactions. Although the City Statute (2001) aims to organize the social functions of urban property, its generalist approach lacks specific guidelines for Master Plans, resulting in gaps in defining aspects like recreation and landscape. Historically, Campinas' Master Plans have given little attention to such topics; only from 2006 onward has there been a deeper incorporation, particularly in 2018, where recreation is recognized as a social right and landscape is addressed more comprehensively.

Identification of master regulator genes controlling pathogenic CD4+ T cell fate in inflammatory bowel disease through transcriptional network analysis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract associated with multiple pathogenic factors, including dysregulation of the immune response. Effector CD4+ T cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg) are central players in maintaining the balance between tolerance and inflammation. Interestingly, genetic modifications in these cells have been implicated in regulating the commitment of specific phenotypes and immune functions. However, the transcriptional program controlling the pathogenic behavior of T helper cells in IBD progression is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to find master transcription regulators controlling the pathogenic behavior of effector CD4+ T cells upon gut inflammation. To achieve this goal, we used an animal model of IBD induced by the transfer of naïve CD4+ T cells into recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag1) deficient mice, which are devoid of lymphocytes. As a control, a group of Rag1-/- mice received the transfer of the whole CD4+ T cells population, which includes both effector T cells and Treg. When gut inflammation progressed, we isolated CD4+ T cells from the colonic lamina propria and spleen tissue, and performed bulk RNA-seq. We identified differentially up- and down-regulated genes by comparing samples from both experimental groups. We found 532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the colon and 30 DEGs in the spleen, mostly related to Th1 response, leukocyte migration, and response to cytokines in lamina propria T-cells. We integrated these data into Gene Regulatory Networks to identify Master Regulators, identifying four up-regulated master gene regulators (Lef1, Dnmt1, Mybl2, and Jup) and only one down-regulated master regulator (Foxo3). The altered expression of master regulators observed in the transcriptomic analysis was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis and found an up-regulation of Lef1 and Mybl2, but without differences on Dnmt1, Jup, and Foxo3. These two master regulators have been involved in T cells function and cell cycle progression, respectively. We identified two master regulator genes associated with the pathogenic behavior of effector CD4+ T cells in an animal model of IBD. These findings provide two new potential molecular targets for treating IBD.

El programa de Ciencias Médicas Odontológicas y de la Salud del Posgrado General de la UNAM (2011 a 2023) / The Medical, Dental, and Health Sciences Program of the General Postgraduate Program at UNAM (2011 to 2023)

Resumen Después de varias décadas, el Programa de Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud sigue formando investigadores que integran las diversas instituciones en donde labora personal de salud. Es notable cómo algunos campos han crecido y cómo se ha incrementado la participación de las mujeres, tanto en maestría como en doctorado. Se presenta un panorama general de ingreso y graduación de acuerdo con los campos de conocimiento y por el sexo de las personas. Se hace un comentario sobre los cambios en las personas que dirigen instituciones que, en algunos casos, por más de 100 años eran dirigidas por personas del sexo masculino.

Abstract By reviewing the scientific literature specialized in sleep disorders (TS) carried out in Mexico, especially at the TS Clinic (Faculty of Medicine-UNAM) at the General Hospital of Mexico (CTS-HGM) from 1948 to 2020, it was possible to document the history of ST research in Mexico and the role played by the CTS-HGM. Sleep Medicine (MS) is one of the newest specialties in Mexico and case research in this field began around 1948, while formal research in 1974. The founding of CTS-HGM in 1997 led to significant development in TS research in Mexico. In addition, the CTS-HGM became a center of care for patients with these problems, as well as important research center since its publications cover all the diagnostic categories of the CITS.

Amostra Mestra do Sistema Integrado de Pesquisas Domiciliares Nacional: revisão e discussão das propostas de atualização / Master Sample of the National Integrated System for Household Surveys: review and discussion of update proposals / Muestra Maestra del Sistema Nacional Integrado de Encuestas de Hogares: revisión y discusión de las propuestas para su actualización

Resumo O uso de amostras mestras por institutos de pesquisa é largamente difundido internacionalmente. As amostras mestras permitem a otimização dos recursos envolvidos no planejamento e na execução das pesquisas, além de facilitar sua operacionalização. Além disso, seu uso também pode agregar qualidade às estimativas e às análises das informações. O Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) levou a cabo um projeto de reformulação de suas pesquisas domiciliares amostrais durante os anos 2000, em resposta a uma crescente demanda por informações socioeconômicas e demográficas de gestores, pesquisadores e usuários de dados em geral, e também como forma de driblar a limitação de recursos financeiros e humanos disponibilizados para a realização de pesquisas. Foi criado um novo sistema na década seguinte, cuja metodologia tem como pilar a utilização da amostra mestra, considerando aspectos de todas as pesquisas que integrariam o sistema. Este artigo tem por objetivo detalhar o que é uma amostra mestra e suas vantagens, apresentar brevemente o contexto brasileiro à época da implementação da amostra mestra e suas diferentes versões.

Abstract The use of Master Samples by statistics institutes is widely disseminated internationally. Master samples enable the optimization of the resources involved in research planning and execution, in addition to facilitating their operationalization. In addition, their use can also add quality to the estimation and analysis of information. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) carried out a project to reformulate its sample household surveys during the 2000s, in response to a growing demand for socioeconomic and demographic information from managers, researchers, and data users in general, and as a way to circumvent the limitation of financial and human resources available to conduct surveys. A new system was created in the following decade, whose methodology is based on the use of the Master Sample, which considered aspects of all surveys that would be part of the system. This article aims to detail what a master sample is and its advantages, briefly present the Brazilian context at the time of the implementation of the Master Sample, and present its different versions.

Resumen El uso de muestras maestras por parte de los institutos de investigación está muy extendido a escala internacional. Las muestras maestras permiten optimizar los recursos dedicados a la planificación y realización de encuestas, además de facilitar su explotación. Su uso también puede añadir calidad a las estimaciones y análisis de la información. El Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE) llevó a cabo un proyecto de reformulación de sus encuestas por muestreo de hogares durante la década de 2000, en respuesta a una creciente demanda de informaciones socioeconómicas y demográficas por parte de gestores, investigadores y usuarios de datos en general, y como forma de sortear los limitados recursos financieros y humanos disponibles para la realización de encuestas. En la década siguiente se creó un nuevo sistema cuya metodología se basa en la utilización de una muestra maestra, que tiene en cuenta aspectos de todas las encuestas que formarían parte del sistema. Este artículo tiene como objetivo detallar lo que es una muestra maestra y sus ventajas, presentar brevemente el contexto brasileño en el momento en que se implementó la muestra maestra y sus diferentes versiones.

Insulina tópica en el tratamiento del defecto epitelial persistente posúlcera corneal grave / Topical insulin for treating persistent post-severe corneal ulcer epithelial defect

El tratamiento del defecto epitelial refractario es un reto y está sujeto al desarrollo de estudios preclínicos y clínicos con el objetivo de obtener tratamientos eficaces, entre los que emerge la insulina tópica. El objetivo del presente artículo fue describir la respuesta cicatrizal del epitelio corneal bajo tratamiento con colirio de insulina. Se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de defecto epitelial persistente posúlcera corneal. Se indicó insulina tópica una gota cada 6 horas, con evolución hacia la epitelización corneal total a los 10 días de iniciado el tratamiento. Se sugiere el mecanismo por el cual la insulina promueve la cicatrización corneal al lograr la restauración de los nervios corneales y favorecer la migración de células epiteliales. En ambos casos el colirio de insulina logró la promover la cicatrización epitelial total de la córnea por lo que se es útil en el tratamiento de defecto epitelial persistente(AU)

The treatment of refractory epithelial defect is a challenge and depends upon the development of preclinical or clinical studies aimed at obtaining effective treatments, among which topical insulin emerges. The objective of this article was to describe the healing response of the corneal epithelium under treatment with insulin eye drops. The cases are presented of two patients with a diagnosis of persistent post-corneal ulcer epithelial defect. Topical insulin was prescribed at one drop every six hours, with evolution towards total corneal epithelialization ten days after the treatment started. The mechanism is suggested by which insulin promotes corneal healing, thus restoring corneal nerves and favoring epithelial cell migration. In both cases, the insulin eye drops were able to promote total epithelial healing of the cornea, making it useful in the treatment of persistent epithelial defect(AU)

Desfazer o Mestre, ou Reinventar a Ordem: Apontamentos para uma Psicanálise Política / Undoing the Master, or Reinventing Order: Notes for a Political Psychoanalysis / Deshacer el Amo, o Reinventar el Orden: Apuntes para un Psicoanálisis Político

Este texto trabalha as instâncias da verdade e da história, nas suas relações com a ficção. As condições singulares de cada uma dessas três instâncias encontram pontos de convergência em um campo mais pragmático quando pensadas as suas incidências no plano de imanência do Mestre, personagem conceitual que em algumas formulações lacanianas é representado pelo termo S1 - em uma tentativa de aludir à função do significante que ocupa a posição de primeiro em relação a uma cadeia de significantes que o sucede. Por um método investigativo bibliográfico, fazemos permanecer a questão: podemos oferecer aportes e vias epistêmicas alternativos para uma prática conceitual e clínica psicanalítica que suponha este Mestre, S1, enquanto produção em um só-depois? Faz-se uma segunda interpelação: quais são as potencialidades de uma retomada do corpo conceitual psicanalítico desde a conexão com estudos sobre gênero, colonialidade e relações raciais - y como tal conexão pode oferecer desvios felizes a este campo de pensamento?

This text intertwines the instances of truth, history and fiction. The unique conditions of each of these three instances converge in a more pragmatic field when considering their impact on the plane of immanence of the Master, a conceptual character that in some Lacanian formulations is represented by the term S1 - in an attempt to allude to the function of a precedent signifier related to a chain of signifiers that follows it. Through a bibliographical investigative method, we sustain the question: can we conceive alternative epistemologies for the conceptual and clinical practice of a psychoanalysis that assumes this Master, S1, as a production in an après-coup? Inherently, a second question arises: what are the potentialities of reclaiming a conceptual psychoanalytical corpus from the connection with studies on gender, coloniality and racial relations - and how this operation can offer optimal deviations to the field of psychoanalytic thought?

Este texto trabaja las relaciones entre las instancias de la verdad, de la historia y sus relaciones con la ficción. Las condiciones sigulares de cada una de estas tres instancias encuentran puntos de convergencia en un campo más pragmático al considerar su incidencia en el plano de inmanencia del Amo, carácter conceptual que en algunas formulaciones lacanianas se representa con el término S1 - en un intento de aludir a la función del significante que ocupa la posición de primero en relación a una cadena de significantes siguientes. A través de un método investigativo bibliográfico, hacemos con que permanezca la cuestión: ¿podemos ofrecer epistemologías alternativas para la práctica conceptual y clínica de un psicoanálisis que asuma este Amo, S1, como producción en un après-coup? Paralelamente, surge una segunda interpelación: ¿cuáles son las potencialidades de una recuperación del cuerpo conceptual psicoanalítico a partir de la conexión con los estudios sobre género, colonialidad y relaciones raciales - y cómo esta conección puede ofrecer desviaciones positivas al campo del pensamiento psicoanalítico?

Evaluación del impacto del programa de maestría Medios Diagnósticos en la universidad médica matancera / Impact Assessment of the Program of the Master's Degree in Diagnostic Means from the Matanzas Medical University

Introducción: El posgrado en salud, en especial el desarrollo de los programas de maestrías, constituye fuente de investigación para la evaluación del impacto, por la importancia que reviste para la calidad académica y la mejora continua de los programas de formación. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que produce a nivel individual, institucional y social-comunitario el programa de la maestría Medios Diagnósticos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Métodos: Se realizó un proyecto de evaluación de impacto, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo, durante el período comprendido entre 2019 y 2022, con la aplicación de un procedimiento seleccionado que permitió demostrar la calidad del programa de la maestría objeto de estudio. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos para determinar la calidad del programa de formación y sus transformaciones. Resultados: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría permitió conocer elementos esenciales para el desarrollo del programa en la institución y los rasgos que caracterizan los procedimientos existentes para dicho fin; asimismo, se obtuvo información relevante sobre la influencia del programa y las transformaciones obtenidas a nivel personal, institucional y social-comunitario. Conclusiones: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría objeto de estudio, con la aplicación del procedimiento seleccionado, constituyó una vía pertinente para medir los resultados del programa y su influencia en el desarrollo personal, institucional y en lo social-comunitario, lo que permitió la retroalimentación para la mejora continua del programa de formación(AU)

Introduction: Health postgraduate studies, especially the development of master's degree programs, are sources of research for assessing impact, due to their importance for academic quality and the continuous improvement of training programs. Objective: To assess the impact at the individual, institutional and social-community level produced by the program of the master's degree in Diagnostic Means from the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Methods: An analytical, longitudinal and prospective project for assessing impact was carried out during the period from 2019 to 2022, with the application of a selected procedure that allowed demonstrating the quality of the master's degree program under study. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were applied to determine the quality of the training program and its transformations. Results: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree program made it possible to know essential elements for the development of the program at the institution and the features that characterize the existing procedures for that purpose; likewise, relevant information was obtained on the influence of the program and the transformations obtained at the personal, institutional and social-community levels. Conclusions: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree under study, with the application of the selected procedure, was a pertinent way to measure the outcomes of the program and its influence on personal, institutional and social-community development, which allowed feedback for the continuous improvement of the training program(AU)

Influence of Apical Patency on the Adaptation of the Master Filling Cone: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Assessment.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate if the apical patency can influence the adaptation of the master cone of gutta-percha, quantifying the volume of voids and areas at the last 2 mm of the working length (WL). Materials and Methods: Sixty distobuccal canals of extracted upper molars were divided into 3 groups (n=20) based on the patency length (A: passed 1 mm beyond the apical foramen (AF), B: at the AF and C: 1 mm short of the AF) with the Easy ProDesign Logic 25/0.01 file. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n=10) based on the WL established to prepare the root canal (1: 1 mm short of the AF or 2: at the AF) with the Easy ProDesign Logic 25/0.05 file. After the scan, void volumes were calculated from the last 2 mm of the WL and void areas at 0 mm, 1 mm and 2 mm of the last of WL, as well as the relation between the tip and taper of the master cone with the amount of void volume and areas. To investigate statistically significant differences, we used the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. Results: There were more voids in volume when patency was achieved 1 mm beyond the AF and the root canal preparation was conducted at 1mm short of the AF (A1 group). Furthermore, the same group showed more voids areas, mainly on the last millimeter of WL. Conclusion: Achieving apical patency at 1 mm beyond the AF followed by instrumentation 1 mm short of the AF created more voids between the master gutta-percha cone and the root canal wall, especially on the last millimeter of WL.

Transcriptional Signatures and Network-Based Approaches Identified Master Regulators Transcription Factors Involved in Experimental Periodontitis Pathogenesis.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the progressive and irreversible destruction of the periodontium. Its aetiopathogenesis lies in the constant challenge of the dysbiotic biofilm, which triggers a deregulated immune response responsible for the disease phenotype. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying periodontitis have been extensively studied, the regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional level remain unclear. To generate transcriptomic data, we performed RNA shotgun sequencing of the oral mucosa of periodontitis-affected mice. Since genes are not expressed in isolation during pathological processes, we disclose here the complete repertoire of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and co-expressed modules to build Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) and identify the Master Transcriptional Regulators of periodontitis. The transcriptional changes revealed 366 protein-coding genes and 42 non-coding genes differentially expressed and enriched in the immune response. Furthermore, we found 13 co-expression modules with different representation degrees and gene expression levels. Our GRN comprises genes from 12 gene clusters, 166 nodes, of which 33 encode Transcription Factors, and 201 connections. Finally, using these strategies, 26 master regulators of periodontitis were identified. In conclusion, combining the transcriptomic analyses with the regulatory network construction represents a powerful and efficient strategy for identifying potential periodontitis-therapeutic targets.

Impacto de la maestría en la formación investigativa de sus egresados a través de sus publicaciones / The Master's Degree in Research Training's Impact on its Graduates, Analyzed through their Publications

Introducción: La Maestría en Investigación en Aterosclerosis constituye una propuesta académica para elevar la calidad de la formación en salud sobre la base de métodos de investigación y aterosclerosis. Evaluar el impacto de su formación científica, evidenciará la relación causa-efecto entre la acción de superación y el comportamiento en el desempeño. Existen criterios de medida que sirven para hacerlo. Este trabajo empleó la publicación de artículos científicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la maestría mediante el efecto producido sobre el desempeño investigativo de los graduados, a través de sus publicaciones en revistas científicas. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se buscaron publicaciones de alumnos de tres ediciones en Google Académico. El criterio de desempeño investigativo evaluado fue el de artículos publicados. Se midieron las publicaciones de artículos científicos en cuanto a cantidad, calidad y extensión, en dos etapas; se compararon para medir impacto. Resultados: Se incrementaron significativamente los artículos originales y las revisiones bibliográficas en la segunda etapa. Se identificaron graduados más productivos, más citados, líderes; se publicó más en revistas grupo I. Las palabras clave estaban relacionadas con la aterosclerosis; se hallaron diferentes tipos de colaboración. Conclusiones: El incremento de publicaciones, especialmente artículos científicos con mayor liderazgo y colaboración en los últimos años, de citas y predominio en bases de datos internacionales, fueron muestra de productividad, visibilidad e impacto de la actividad científica(AU)

Introduction: The master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research is an academic proposal to raise the quality of health training based on research methods and atherosclerosis. To assess the impact of scientific training will show the cause-effect relationship between improvement action and performance behavior. There are measurement criteria that serve to this purpose. This work used the publication of scientific articles. Objective: To assess the impact of the master's degree through the effect produced on the research performance of graduates, through their publications in scientific journals. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective bibliometric study was carried out, searching, in Google Scholar, for publications by students from three editions. The assessed research performance criterion was the number of published articles. Publications of scientific articles were measured in terms of quantity, quality and length, in two stages; they were compared to measure impact. Results: Original articles and bibliographic reviews increased significantly in the second stage. More productive and more cited leading graduates were identified; more articles were published in group I journals. The keywords were related to atherosclerosis; different types of collaboration were found. Conclusions: The increase in publications, especially scientific articles with higher leadership and collaboration in recent years, as well as in citations and the predominance of representativeness in international databases, evidenced productivity, visibility and impact of the scientific activity(AU)

Conocimientos básicos para la preparación y uso de fórmulas magistrales en oftalmología / Basic Knowledge for the Preparation and Use of Masterful Formulas in Ophthalmology

Los colirios fortificados o reforzados son fórmulas magistrales que reciben ese nombre por la vigorización que se les realiza a los colirios industriales con principios activos de antibióticos, antivirales, citostáticos y antimicóticos, en dependencia de los requerimientos individuales de los pacientes. Por tanto, la utilización de la formulación magistral es, por su capacidad y flexibilidad, un potencial para concebir nuevas pautas terapéuticas y posibilitar la creación de nuevas formulaciones o bien la actualización de antiguas fórmulas con principios activos más modernos, con el fin de lograr una alternativa a los colirios industriales de manera potente, eficaz y segura. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los fundamentos teóricos, las tendencias nacionales e internacionales de la preparación y el uso oftalmológico de los colirios fortificados. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental actualizada, se utilizaron fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias y experiencias nacionales. La utilización de los colirios fortificados es cada día más frecuente en la especialidad de oftalmología, lo que obliga al farmacéutico hospitalario y al oftalmólogo a estar actualizado en temas como elaboración segura, composición, indicación y uso correctos(AU)

Fortified or reinforced eye drops are masterful formulas that receive such name due to the industrial eye drops' invigoration with antibiotic, antiviral, cytostatic and antifungal active ingredients, depending on the patients' individual requirements. Therefore, the use of a masterful formulation is, due to its capacity and flexibility, a potential for conceiving new therapeutic guidelines and also for making possible the creation of new formulations or the updating of old formulations with more modern active ingredients, in order to achieve an alternative to industrial eye drops in a potent, effective and safe way. The objective of this work is to describe the theoretical foundations, the national and international trends in the preparation of fortified eye drops, as well as their ophthalmologic use. An updated bibliographic and documentary review was carried out, using primary, secondary and tertiary sources, together with national experiences. The use of fortified eye drops is becoming increasingly frequent in the ophthalmology specialty, which obliges the hospital pharmacist or the ophthalmologist to be updated on issues such as safe preparation, composition, prescription and correct use(AU)

Ancilla-Assisted Generation of Photons from Vacuum via Time-Modulation of Extracavity Qubit.

We propose a scheme for the generation of photons from a vacuum via time-modulation of a quantum system indirectly coupled to the cavity field through some ancilla quantum subsystem. We consider the simplest case when the modulation is applied to an artificial two-level atom (we call 't-qubit', that can be located even outside the cavity), while the ancilla is a stationary qubit coupled via the dipole interaction both to the cavity and t-qubit. We find that tripartite entangled states with a small number of photons can be generated from the system ground state under resonant modulations, even when the t-qubit is far detuned from both the ancilla and the cavity, provided its bare and modulation frequencies are properly adjusted. We attest our approximate analytic results by numeric simulations and show that photon generation from vacuum persists in the presence of common dissipation mechanisms.

Diseño curricular del programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada

Introducción: el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba realiza numerosos esfuerzos por garantizar la informatización de sus procesos, donde la superación profesional representa un eslabón fundamental. La Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública implementa la Maestría en Informática en Salud, dirigida a los profesionales del sector que participan en el proceso de informatización. Sin embargo, el programa actual no se enfoca hacia el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas de los especialistas informáticos. Objetivo: diseñar el programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada, enfocado al desarrollo de habilidades técnicas de los especialistas informáticos, que desde su puesto de trabajo contribuyen a la informatización de la salud pública cubana. Materiales y métodos: la investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, con alcance descriptivo, de tipo retrospectivo y diseño no experimental, de corte longitudinal. Se realizó un análisis documental, donde se identificaron las bases teóricas y los programas académicos existentes, que fundamentan el diseño curricular presentado. Resultados: se diseñó la propuesta de programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada, con una estructura de 78 créditos. Cuenta con tres bloques de cursos básicos y especializados en temas de salud e informática. Es coordinado por la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas en colaboración con la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Conclusiones: el programa implementado es pertinente y contribuye al desarrollo de habilidades técnicas en los especialistas informáticos, que participan en el proceso de informatización de la salud pública cubana, muestra de ello lo constituyen las estadísticas de la primera edición en curso de la maestría.

Introduction: The Cuban Ministry of Public Health makes numerous efforts to guarantee the computerization of its processes, where professional improvement represents a fundamental link. The National School of Public Health implements the Master´s Degree in Health Informatics aimed at managers of the sector who participate in the computerization process. However, the current program does not focus on developing the technical skills of computer specialists. Objective: To design the academic program of the Master´s Degree in Applied Medical Informatics, focused on the development of technical skills of computer specialists who, from their work position, contribute to the computerization of the Cuban public health. Material and methods: The research has a qualitative approach and a descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental, longitudinal design. A documentary analysis was carried out, where the theoretical bases and existing academic programs were identified, which underpin the presented curriculum design. Results: The proposed academic program for the Master´s Degree in Applied Medical Informatics was designed, with a structure of 78 credits. It has three blocks of basic and specialized courses in health and computer science topics. It is coordinated by the University of Informatics Sciences in collaboration with the National School of Public Health. Conclusions: The implemented program is relevant and contributes to the development of technical skills in computer specialists who participate in the process of computerization of Cuban public health, which is evidenced by the statistics of the first ongoing edition of the master´s program.

Satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la maestría "Investigación en aterosclerosis" / Employers' Satisfaction with the Performance of Graduates from a Master's Program about Research in Atherosclerosis

Introducción: Los estudios de empleadores cobran cada vez mayor importancia en el ámbito de la educación superior, a partir de la necesidad institucional de evaluar la pertinencia de sus programas e identificar expectativas de crecimiento, al permitir conocer la existencia de vinculación institucional y desarrollo de sus egresados. Objetivo: Describir la satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la décima edición de la maestría investigación en aterosclerosis. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron los empleadores de los egresados de la última edición terminada. Se les aplicó una encuesta de forma autoadministrada para explorar la satisfacción con el desempeño de los egresados de la maestría. Resultados: El total de los empleadores manifestaron que la maestría respondía a las necesidades asistenciales, docentes e investigativas del centro en el que laboraba el máster; que este aplicaba creativa y críticamente en su práctica diaria los conocimientos adquiridos en el programa de maestría; y que era capaz de diseñar y dirigir proyectos de investigación. El 94,1 por ciento respondió que, después de graduado de la maestría, el máster tenía la capacidad de diseñar y organizar cursos de superación para solucionar problemas de la institución. El 76,5 por ciento contestó que cumplía las expectativas y el 52,9 por ciento que se sentía satisfecho con el desempeño de los egresados. Conclusiones: Los empleadores manifestaron que los egresados satisfacían el perfil declarado en la maestría. Los egresados cumplieron con las expectativas de sus empleadores y los empleadores se encontraron satisfechos con el desempeño de los egresados(AU)

Introduction: Employer surveys are becoming increasingly important in the field of higher education, from the institutional need to evaluate the relevance of their programs and identify growth expectations, by allowing to know the existence of institutional linkage and the development of its graduates. Objective: To describe the satisfaction of employers with the performance of graduates from the tenth edition of a master's program about research in atherosclerosis. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The employers of the graduates from the last completed edition were selected. A self-administered survey was conducted on them to explore satisfaction with the performance of the graduates from the master's program. Results: The whole number of employers stated that the master's degree responded to the care, teaching and research needs of the center where the master's degree holder worked; that he/she applied the knowledge acquired in the master's program creatively and critically in his/her daily practice; and hat he/she was capable of designing and directing research projects. 94.1 percent responded that, after graduating from the master's program, the master's degree holder had the capacity to design and organize professional improvement courses to solve the institutional problems. 76.5 percent answered that the master's degree met the expectations, while 52.9 percent responded that they were satisfied with the performance of the graduates. Conclusions: Employers stated that the graduates met the profile stated in the master's program. The graduates met the expectations of their employers, who were satisfied with the performance of the graduates(AU)

Satisfacción con los cursos a distancia de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19 / Satisfaction with the Distance Courses of a master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research during COVID-19

Introducción: La satisfacción de los estudiantes con respecto a la educación que reciben es un elemento clave en la valoración de la calidad de la educación. La enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 representó una emergencia sanitaria que generó preocupación a nivel mundial por su impacto en la salud, la economía y la educación. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con los cursos a distancia del primer ciclo de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se utilizó una encuesta, que estuvo disponible, al finalizar cada curso, en el Aula Virtual de Salud. Los datos de la encuesta se obtuvieron del AVS, se introdujeron en una base de datos en Excel, y se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0 para Windows. Resultados: Para todos los cursos los horarios que predominaron fueron en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana y durante la jornada laboral, en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana. Como vías de conexión más utilizadas estuvieron Infomed y los datos móviles. El curso mejor orientado resultó La aterosclerosis, un problema epidemiológico. La evaluación de los aspectos relacionados con el profesor, los contenidos, el material bibliográfico, la comunicación y el aseguramiento tecnológico fue satisfactoria. La computadora y el celular representaron los dispositivos tecnológicos más empleados. Las respuestas en relación con la satisfacción con los cursos se encontraron entre satisfecho y muy satisfecho. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los aspectos evaluados recibieron calificaciones satisfactorias. Como aspecto positivo se destaca el empleo del aula virtual; como negativos, la dificultad con los dispositivos tecnológicos y la conectividad; y como interesantes, la adquisición y el perfeccionamiento de habilidades con los cursos a distancia y mejorar la calidad de la conectividad(AU)

Introduction: Student satisfaction with the education that they receive is a key element for education quality assessment. The disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus represented a health emergency that generated worldwide concern due to its impact on health, economy and education. Objective: To assess student satisfaction with the distance courses of the first cycle of a master's degree in atherosclerosis research during COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. A survey was used, available in the virtual health classroom at the end of each course. The survey's data were obtained from the virtual health classroom, entered into an Excel database, and processed with the statistical package SPSS (version 20.0) for Windows. Results: For all the courses, the predominant schedules were during out-of-work hours and on weekends and during the working day, during out-of-work hours and on weekends. The most frequently used means of connection were Infomed and mobile data. The best oriented course was Atherosclerosis, an epidemiological problem. The assessment of aspects related to the professor, the contents, the bibliographic material, communication and technological assurance were satisfactory. The computer and the cell phone were the most frequently used technological devices. The responses regarding satisfaction with the courses ranged between satisfied and very satisfied. Conclusions: Most of the assessed aspects received satisfactory ratings. As a positive aspect, the use of the virtual classroom stands out; as a negative one, the difficulty with technological devices and connectivity; and as interesting ones, the acquisition and improvement of skills with distance courses, as well as improving the quality of connectivity(AU)

A vocação colonial do território amazônico: o plano diretor de desenvolvimento urbano de Barcarena / The colonial vocation of the amazon territory: Barcarena's urban development master plan / La vocación colonial del territorio amazónico: el plan maestro urbano de Barcarena

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise decolonial de dois planos territoriais pensados, respectivamente, à Amazônia e o território de Barcarena. Tem como objetivo geral analisar a vocação colonial do território de Barcarena estabelecida no plano diretor municipal. Trata-se de relatório de pesquisa com enfoque na discussão sobre a colonialidade do poder e o processo de formação social da Amazônia brasileira, a partir de documentos internacionais e municipais, especificamente a Agenda de Projetos Prioritários de Integração do Conselho Sul-Americanos de Infraestrutura e Planejamento (2012-2022) e o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano de Barcarena (2016-2026). Os resultados denunciam a presença da colonialidade do poder nos instrumentos oficiais de planejamento territorial global e local que determinam a vocação local do território de Barcarena no processo de controle dos territórios da Amazônia.(AU)

This work presents a decolonial analysis of two territorial plans designed, respectively, for the Amazon and the territory of Barcarena. Its general objective is to analyze the colonial vocation of the territory of Barcarena established in the municipal master plan. It is a research report focusing on the discussion of the coloniality of power and the process of social formation in the Brazilian Amazon, based on international and municipal documents, specifically the Agenda of Priority Integration Projects of the South American Council for Infrastructure and Planning (2012-2022) and the Master Plan for Urban Development of Barcarena (2016-2026). The results denounce the presence of the coloniality of power in the official instruments of global and local territorial planning that determine the local vocation of the territory of Barcarena in the process of controlling the territories of the Amazon.(AU)

Este trabajo presenta un análisis decolonial de dos planes territoriales diseñados, respectivamente, para la Amazonía y el territorio de Barcarena. Su objetivo general es analizar la vocación colonial del territorio de Barcarena establecida en el plan director municipal. Se trata de un informe de investigación centrado en la discusión sobre la colonialidad del poder y el proceso de formación social en la Amazonía brasileña, a partir de documentos internacionales y municipales, específicamente la Agenda de Proyectos Prioritarios de Integración del Consejo Suramericano de Infraestructura y Planificación (2012). -2022) y el Plan Director de Desarrollo Urbano de Barcarena (2016-2026). Los resultados denuncian la presencia de la colonialidad del poder en los instrumentos oficiales de planificación territorial global y local que determinan la vocación local del territorio Barcarena en el proceso de control de los territorios amazónicos.(AU)

Master-Slave Outer Synchronization in Different Inner-Outer Coupling Network Topologies.

In this work, the problem of master-slave outer synchronization in different inner-outer network topologies is presented. Specifically, the studied inner-outer network topologies are coupled in master-slave configuration, where some particular scenarios concerning inner-outer topologies are addressed in order to disclose a suitable coupling strength to achieve outer synchronization. The novel MACM chaotic system is used as a node in the coupled networks, which presents robustness in its bifurcation parameters. Extensive numerical simulations are presented where the stability of the inner-outer network topologies is analyzed through a master stability function approach.

Intensity of Depression Symptoms Is Negatively Associated with Catalase Activity in Master Athletes.

BACKGROUND: This study examined associations between scores of depression (DEPs), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity (CAT) in master athletes and untrained controls. METHODS: Participants were master sprinters (MS, n = 24; 50.31 ± 6.34 year), endurance runners (ER, n = 11; 51.35 ± 9.12 year), untrained middle-aged (CO, n = 13; 47.21 ± 8.61 year), and young untrained (YU, n = 15; 23.70 ± 4.02 year). CAT, SOD, and TBARS were measured in plasma using commercial kits. DEPs were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. An ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's, and Spearman's correlations were applied, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The CATs of MS and YU [760.4 U·µL 1 ± 170.1 U·µL 1 and 729.9 U·µL 1 ± 186.9 U·µL 1] were higher than CO and ER. The SOD levels in the YU and ER [84.20 U·mL-1 ± 8.52 U·mL-1 and 78.24 U·mL-1 ± 6.59 U·mL-1 (p < 0.0001)] were higher than CO and MS. The TBARS in CO [11.97 nmol·L-1 ± 2.35 nmol·L-1 (p < 0.0001)] was higher than in YU, MS and ER. MS had lower DEPs compared to the YU [3.60 ± 3.66 vs. 12.27 ± 9.27 (p = 0.0002)]. A negative correlation was found between CAT and DEPs for master athletes [r = -0.3921 (p = 0.0240)] and a weak correlation [r = -0.3694 (p = 0.0344)] was found between DEPs and the CAT/TBARS ratio. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the training model of master sprinters may be an effective strategy for increasing CAT and reducing DEPs.