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Currently, in developing countries, parasitic and bacterial diseases as amebiasis, giardiasis, trichonomiasis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, tuberculosis, and nocardiasis are a public health problem. The pharmacological treatment for these diseases is not completely effective and causes several side effects in patients. Therefore, the search for new compounds with biological activity is very important to develop new drugs safely and more efficiently. In this study, different organic extracts obtained from thirty-seven species of the Salvadoran flora were evaluated in several in vitro models to determine their potential activity against five protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania mexicana, and Trypanosoma cruzi) and three bacteria (Acinetobacter baumanni, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Nocardia brasiliensis). The results showed the activity of eight extracts with IC50values of less than 100 µg/mL against L. mexicanaand five extracts with MICs values less than <50 µg/mL against M. tuberculosis. Besides, seven plant species showed MICs ≤3.125 µg/mL against N. brasiliensis. Additionally, secondary metabolites (flavonoids and monoterpene oxygenate) previously reported as active were fingerprint by UPLC-MS to establish a potential correlation with the biological activity showed.
Actualmente, en los países en vías de desarrollo, enfermedades parasitarias y bacterianas como la amebiasis, giardiasis, trichonomiasis, leishmaniasis, tripanosomiasis, tuberculosis y nocardiasis son un problema de salud pública. El tratamiento farmacológico de estas enfermedades no es del todo eficaz y provoca varios efectos secundarios en los pacientes. Por lo tanto, la búsqueda de nuevos compuestos con actividad biológica es muy importante para desarrollar nuevos fármacos, seguros y eficaces. En este estudio se evaluaron diferentes extractos orgánicos obtenidos de treinta y siete especies de la flora salvadoreña en varios modelos in vitro para determinar su actividad potencial contra cinco parásitos (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania mexicana y Trypanosoma cruzi) y tres bacterias (Acinetobacter baumanni, Mycobacterium tuberculosis y Nocardia brasiliensis). Los resultados mostraron la actividad de ocho extractos con valores de CI50 menores a 100 µg/mL contra L. mexicana y cinco extractos con valores de CIMs <50 µg/mL contra M. tuberculosis. Además, siete especies de plantas presentaron CIM ≤3,125 µg/mL frente a N. brasilienses. Finalmente, los metabolitos secundarios (flavonoides y monoterpenos oxigenados) previamente reportados como activos fueron determinados por UPLC-MS para establecer una posible correlación con la actividad biológica mostrada.
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Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Flora , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais , Doenças Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico , El SalvadorRESUMO
Introducción: En 1860 Henry Van Carter introdujo la definición del micetoma y desde 1884 se reportan los primeros casos en África (Sudán, Senegal). Estas infecciones afectan la piel, el tejido celular subcutáneo y, en ocasiones, los músculos, los huesos, y pueden diseminarse por la cavidad torácica, la abdominal, y por otras regiones del cuerpo. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de micetoma por Nocardia asteroides con evolución desfavorable y tratamiento. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 47 años de edad que sufrió hace 18 años un trauma en la rodilla izquierda con herida avulsiva y evolución desfavorable por infección. Diez años después presentó en el mismo sitio múltiples lesiones fistulosas con drenaje activo, secreción serohemática escasa y no fétida. En varias ocasiones fue llevado al salón de operaciones para realizarle debridamientos quirúrgicos y toillete y recibió múltiples tratamientos antibióticos y antifúngicos. Se concluyó el caso como un micetoma y se aisló una Nocardia asteroides. El paciente estuvo en desacuerdo con la amputación de la extremidad como tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo. Llegó a nuestro centro en octubre del 2020 con mal estado general y extensión severa del proceso infeccioso en toda la extremidad. Se planificó una hemipelvectomía como tratamiento definitivo, pero desafortunadamente el paciente falleció antes, debido a complicaciones generales. Conclusiones: Ante la aparición del micetoma es importante definir el alcance de la infección para determinar el tipo de tratamiento a utilizar, ya que bien empleado y de forma oportuna, puede salvar la vida al paciente sin dejar graves secuelas(AU)
Introduction: In 1860, Henry Van Carter introduced the definition of mycetoma and since 1884 the first cases have been reported in Africa (Sudan, Senegal). These infections affect the skin, the subcutaneous cellular tissue and, sometimes, the muscles, the bones, and it can spread throughout the thoracic cavity, the abdominal cavity, and other regions of the body. Objective: To report a case of mycetoma due to nocardia asteroides with unfavorable evolution and treatment. Case report: We report the case of a 47-year-old male patient who suffered a left knee trauma 18 years ago with an avulsive wound and unfavorable evolution due to infection. Ten years later, he presented, in the same site, multiple fistulous lesions with active drainage, scant serohematic, non-fetid secretion. On several occasions he was taken to the operating room for surgical debridement and toilette and he received multiple antibiotic and antifungal treatments. The case was concluded as a mycetoma. Nocardia asteroides was isolated. The patient disagreed with limb amputation as definitive surgical treatment. He came to our treatment center in October 2020 with poor general condition and severe extension of the infectious process throughout the limb. A hemipelvectomy was planned as definitive treatment, but unfortunately the patient deceased before due to general complications. Conclusions: Before the appearance of mycetoma, it is important to define the extent of the infection to determine the type of treatment to use, since it can save the patient's life if properly used and in a timely manner without leaving serious sequelae(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micetoma/complicações , Micetoma/etiologia , Nocardia asteroides , Desbridamento/métodos , Micetoma/terapiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Fundamento: el micetoma es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica y progresiva que compromete la piel, partes blandas y el hueso, es causada por bacterias y hongos. Por su clínica se manifiesta como nódulos que se agrupan y forman placas con trayectos fistulosos que drenan material purulento o sero-sanguinolento con gránulos característicos. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a los miembros inferiores. Objetivo: presentar el caso de un paciente con pie de Madura, tratado con amputación de Syme. Presentación del caso: paciente de 42 años de edad, del sexo masculino, raza negra, VIH positivo, con antecedentes de lesión crónica de la piel, partes blandas y huesos metatarsianos del pie izquierdo de más de ocho años de evolución. Se le realizaron estudios de laboratorio, radiológicos e histopatológico que condujeron al diagnóstico de micetoma por Madurella grisea. Debido a los malos resultados obtenidos con las cirugías óseas y antifúngicos utilizados se decidió realizar, como tratamiento definitivo, la amputación de Syme. Conclusiones: esta enfermedad es poco frecuente en nuestro medio, se encuentra distribuida en todo el mundo la misma debe considerarse dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de toda lesión supurativa, de evolución crónica en las extremidades inferiores. En el micetoma del pie los mejores resultados se obtienen con técnicas de amputación de la zona afectada como el proceder de Syme, el cual reduce al mínimo las secuelas anatómicas, funcionales y psicoemocionales del paciente.
ABSTRACT Background: mycetoma is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease affecting the skin, soft tissues and bones; it is caused by bacteria and fungi. Clinically it manifests itself as nodules that tend to coalesce and form plaques with fistulous paths, which drain purulent or serosanguineous material with characteristic grains. Lower limbs are most affected. Objetive: to show a patient with Madura foot, treated by Syme's amputation. Case report: a 42 years-old, black, male, HIV positive patient, with history of chronic lesions of the skin, soft tissues and metatarsals bones of the left foot, with more than eight years of evolution. Laboratory studies, radiological assessment and hysto-pathological examination were done and finally, mycetoma's diagnosis by Madurella grisea was confirmed. According to the poor results obtained with other bone surgery and antifungal treatments; Syme's amputation, as definitive management was performed. Conclusions: this disease though rare in our environment, has worldwide prevalence; it should be considered within the differential diagnosis when chronic suppurative lesions are present in the lower limbs. In Madura foot, the best results are obtained with the amputation technique of the affected zone, such as the Syme's procedure, which one minimizes the anatomical, functional and psycho-emotional sequel of the patient.
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Abstract Mycetoma is a chronic and slow-developing granulomatous disease characterized by the triad of large painless tumour-like subcutaneous swellings, the formation of sinuses, and discharge that usually contains grains. Phellinus spp. are saprophytic wood-decaying filamentous basidiomycetes. They are an under-recognised cause of invasive fungal infections and are rarely reported worldwide. We report a 59-year-old male patient with mycetoma caused by Phellinus spp. The diagnosis was confirmed with clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, soft tissue and bone biopsy culture, and polymerase chain reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of mycetoma due to Phellinus spp. without chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
Resumen El micetoma es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica y de lento desarrollo caracterizada por la tríada de grandes inflamaciones subcutáneas similares a tumores indoloras, la formación de los senos nasales y secreción que generalmente contiene granos. Phellinus spp. son basidiomicetos filamentosos saprofitos que descomponen la madera. Son un poco reconocido causa de infecciones fúngicas invasivas y rara vez se informan en todo el mundo. Presentamos un paciente masculino de 59 años con micetoma causado por Phellinus spp. El diagnostico se confirmó con examen clínico, estudio de resonancia magnética (RM), cultivo de biopsia de tejido blando y óseo y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. A lo mejor que sepamos, este es el primer caso reportado de micetoma debido a Phellinus spp. sin enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (EGC).
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Basidiomycota , Phellinus , Micetoma , Brasil , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , MicosesRESUMO
Introducción: Las aspergilosis comprenden un amplio y heterogéneo grupo de enfermedades oportunistas causadas por hongos del género Aspergillus, considerados como una causa inusual de infección. Es la causa más frecuente de muerte por neumonía infecciosa e infección diseminada o respiratoria oportunista, en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas de un caso inusual de aspergilosis pulmonar. Caso clínico: Paciente de 56 años de edad con antecedentes personales de hepatopatía alcohólica, ingresado por episodios de expectoración con sangre y tos seca. Se realizaron estudios de laboratorio, imagenológicos y anatomopatológicos que condujeron al diagnóstico de micetoma por Aspergillus fumigatus, lo cual posibilitó indicar el tratamiento adecuado y realizar el seguimiento clínico. Conclusiones: La infección por Aspergillus fumigatus debe ser considerada por el médico de cabecera, debido a que su reporte constituye una herramienta para que pueda establecer una terapéutica temprana y adecuada, dada sus implicaciones pronósticas, su morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes inmunodeprimidos(AU)
Introduction: Aspergillosis comprises a wide and heterogeneous group of opportunistic diseases caused by fungi of the Aspergillus genus, considered as an unusual cause of infection. It is the most frequent cause of death from infectious pneumonia and disseminated or opportunistic respiratory infection in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: Describe the clinical characteristics of an unusual case of pulmonary aspergillosis. Case report: 56-year-old patient with a personal history of alcoholic liver disease, admitted due to episodes of expectoration with blood and dry cough. Laboratory, imaging, and pathological studies were conducted that led to the diagnosis of mytoma by Aspergillus fumigatus, which made it possible to indicate the appropriate treatment and perform clinical follow-up. Conclusions: Aspergillus fumigatus infection should be considered by the attending physician, because his report constitutes a tool for him to establish an early and adequate therapy, given its prognostic implications and for its morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia , Aspergillus , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Aspergilose Pulmonar/complicações , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas , MicetomaRESUMO
Introducción: Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas son producidas casi universalmente por Candida o Aspergillus, pero se identifican otros hongos que requieren abordajes individualizados, principalmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. El micetoma es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica, generalmente limitada a la piel y al tejido subcutáneo; sin embargo, existen localizaciones como la torácica y abdominal, consideradas de mal pronóstico, debido a una diseminación visceral. Objetivo: Mostrar otra alternativa de diseminación visceral de un micetoma, en un paciente que fue sometido a un trasplante renal. Caso clínico: Paciente que se sometió a un trasplante de riñón de un donante de cadáver. Se le diagnosticó micetoma por Candida albicans en el brazo derecho y daño pulmonary. Tuvo buena respuesta al tratamiento. Comentarios: Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas son cada vez más frecuentes en la práctica clínica, especialmente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. En la actualidad, hay nuevos medicamentos disponibles que son útiles para el tratamiento de estos pacientes, pero el pronóstico continúa siendo desalentador en muchos casos. Estas entidades tienen la capacidad de afectar a diferentes órganos, lo cual condiciona un compromiso grave para el paciente(AU)
Introduction: Invasive fungal infections are almost universally produced by Candida or Aspergillus, but other fungi are identified that require individualized approaches, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease, usually limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue; however, there are localizations such as the thoracic and abdominal, considered of poor prognosis due to a visceral dissemination. Objective: To show another alternative of visceral dissemination of a mycetoma in a patient who underwent a kidney transplant. Clinical case: We report the case of a female patient who underwent a kidney transplant from a cadaveric donor. She had a diagnosis of Candida albicans mycetoma in the right arm and lung damage. She had a good response to treatment. Comments: Invasive fungal infections are becoming more frequent in clinical practice, especially affecting immunosuppressed patients. At present, new drugs are available that are useful in the treatment of these patients, but the prognosis continues to be discouraging in many cases. These infections have the capacity to affect different organs, which determines a serious problem for the patient(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Candida albicans , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções Fúngicas InvasivasRESUMO
Resumen Se presenta un caso clínico de un actinomicetoma plantar en un paciente sin factores de riesgo, cuyo diagnóstico fue realizado mediante una biopsia de tejido plantar por sospecha de una neoplasia. Dado que el paciente no respondió satisfactoriamente a la terapia de primera línea, debió completar 24 semanas de tratamiento con doxiciclina, a lo cual evolucionó favorablemente. Finalmente, se desarrolla una breve discusión sobre los micetomas plantares.
A case of plantar actinomycetoma without risk factors is presented, which was diagnosed by hystopatological analysis of a foot biopsy because of the suspicion of neoplasia. Since the patient did not fully respond to the first-line therapy antibiotics, a 24-weeks doxycycline regime was started, achieving a satisfactory response. Finally, a brief discussion on plantar mycetomas is presented.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Pé/diagnóstico , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Pé/microbiologia , Doenças do Pé/patologia , Micetoma/microbiologia , Micetoma/patologiaRESUMO
Micetoma é uma infecção que acomete o tecido subcutâneo após a inoculação de microrganismos na pele em locais de pequenos traumas. Caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de tumoração, associada à formação de fistulas e à drenagem de grãos. Trata-se de um grupo de infecções subcutâneas de difícil tratamento com epidemiologia bem definida, acometendo preferencialmente trabalhadores rurais do gênero masculino. Os agentes causadores podem ser fungos ou bactérias. Este artigo propõe-se à revisão dos dados recentes da epidemiologia e tratamento dessas infecções.
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Terapêutica , Actinomicose , Diagnóstico , Micetoma , FístulaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fungal rhinosinusitis has become an increasingly recognized disease, being Aspergillus species responsible for most of the cases. Its diagnosis is quite difficult because of the non-specific symptoms and low sensitivity of the current diagnostic methods. AIMS: An Aspergillus-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using biopsy specimens taken from the maxillary sinuses was performed in order to assess its usefulness. Conventional diagnostic methods (histology and culture) were also carried out. METHODS: A case-control study was performed in the Institute of Stomatology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, between 2011 and 2014. The case group consisted of 21 patients with suspected rhinosinusal mycetoma while the control group included 46 patients with no suspicion of fungal rhinosinusitis. The two-step PCR assay amplified an Aspergillus specific portion of the 18S rRNA gene. Interval estimation of sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated to assess the diagnostic test performance. The agreement between the PCR and the other tests was evaluated using the Kappa coefficient (k). RESULTS: Ninety percent of the samples obtained from patients diagnosed with mycetoma yielded positive PCR results. The PCR showed almost perfect concordance with histology (k=0.88). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV estimates were 90%; 95% CI: (55.5-99.7%), 98.3%; 95% CI: (90.9-100%), 90%; 95% CI: (55.5-99.7%) and 98.3%; 95% CI: (90.9-100%), respectively. One clinical sample showed growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and positive PCR despite the negative histological examination. CONCLUSIONS: Nested PCR assay is a promising diagnostic tool to evaluate the presence of Aspergillus in the tissue of maxillary sinus from patients with suspicion of sinus aspergillosis.
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Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , Seio Maxilar/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sinusite/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen: El actinomicetoma, infección crónica, granulomatosa y progresiva de la piel y tejido celular subcutáneo que afecta más las extremidades inferiores y en especial los pies, se caracteriza por la tríada de trayectos fistulosos, aumento de volumen y granos. La afección en el tórax en México ocupa el segundo lugar en cuanto a frecuencia. Sin embargo, el daño pulmonar es muy raro, afecta menos de 1% de los casos, éste puede ocurrir por continuidad al afectar el tronco, lo que causa tratamientos antimicrobianos prolongados con falta de apego a los mismos, así como aumento de la mortalidad. El objetivo de este artículo es comunicar un caso clínico de actinomicetoma pulmonar, así como la respuesta al tratamiento prescrito a este paciente con base en carbapenémicos, aminoglucósidos y trimetoprim con sulfametoxazol.
Abstract: Actinomycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous and progressive infection of the skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue that affects the lower limbs and especially the feet, characterized by triad of localized swelling, draining sinuses and grains. The chest condition in Mexico ranks second in frequency. Nevertheless, pulmonary affectation is very rare with less than 1%, this can occur by continuity affecting the trunk leading to prolonged antimicrobial therapy and lack of attachment to it, as well as increased mortality. The aim of this paper is to report a case of pulmonary actinomycetoma as well as response to treatment with carbapenems, aminoglycoside and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole.
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O pseudomicetoma dermatofítico (PMD) é uma profunda infecção dérmica, causada por fungos, sendo o Microsporum canis o agente etiológico mais frequentemente envolvido. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de pseudomicetoma em um gato persa e alertar os médicos veterinários para incluir a doença como diagnóstico diferencial em dermatopatias em gatos, principalmente os da raça persa. Um felino macho, da raça Persa, de três anos, veio para atendimento apresentando 22 nódulos subcutâneos, distribuídos em todo corpo, com diâmetros que variavam de 2 a 8 centímetros, inclusive dentro do pavilhão auricular direito. Realizou-se raspado cutâneo e citologia aspirativa por agulha fina, obtendo resultados pouco conclusivos. Após a realização de exérese cirúrgica de grande parte dos nódulos e encaminhamento para exame histopatológico, obteve-se o diagnóstico de PMD. Após tratamento com itraconazol 10mg/kg SID por 5 meses houve completa remissão do quadro. A excisão cirúrgica foi essencial para a resolução do quadro, que juntamente com o itraconazol sistêmico tornou o tratamento efetivo para o PMD.(AU)
Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma (DPM) is a deep skin infection. Microsporum canis is the etiologic agent most frequently involved in DPM. The purpose of this study is to report a case of DPM in a Persian cat and suggest the veterinarians to include the disease as a differential diagnosis in skin diseases in Persian cats. A male Persian cat, 3 years old, came to be attended at the Veterinary Hospital. The patient was presenting 22 subcutaneous nodules measuring 2-8 cm in diameter, in different parts of the body, including inside the right ear. Skin scraping and fine needle aspiration cytology were performed, yielding inconclusive results. After performing the surgical removal of most of the nodules and a skin biopsy, the diagnosis of DPM was obtained. The cat had a complete remission of the disease after the treatment with itraconazole 10mg/kg SID for 5 months. It is important to emphasize that, as a therapeutic point of view, surgical excision is considered essential, but not enough to establish a permanent cure. Since there can be recurrence, the systemic use of itraconazole is indicated to efficiently cure animals presenting DPM.(AU)
El pseudomicetoma dermatofitos (PMD) es una infección profunda de la piel causada por hongos, siendo el Microsporum canis el agente etiológico implicado con mayor frecuencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso de pseudomicetoma en un gato persa y alertar los médicos veterinarios para incluir la enfermedad como un diagnóstico diferencial de enfermedades de la piel en gatos, especialmente la raza persa. Un gato macho, de la raza persa, de tres años, llegó a la asistencia presentando 22 nódulos subcutáneos, distribuidos por todo el cuerpo, con diámetros que variaban de 2 a 8 cm, inclusive dentro de la oreja derecha. Se afeitó la piel y con citología por aspiración, con aguja fina, se obtuvo resultados poco conclusivos. Después de realizar la extirpación quirúrgica de la mayor parte de los nódulos y enrutamiento para el examen histopatológico, se ha obtenido el diagnóstico de PMD. Tras el tratamiento con itraconazol l0mg/kg SID, por cinco meses, hubo remisión completa. La escisión quirúrgica fue esencial para la resolución del cuadro, que junto con itraconazol sistémico se convirtió en un tratamiento eficaz para el PMD.(AU)
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Animais , Micetoma/microbiologia , Tinha/microbiologia , Gatos/microbiologia , MicrosporumRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combination therapy would improve therapeutic outcome in eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis. METHODS: Survival, colony-forming units (CFU), melanisation and histopathology in M. mycetomatis-infected Galleria mellonella larvae treated with amphotericin B, itraconazole, terbinafine or combinations thereof were determined. RESULTS: Compared to larvae treated with 5% glucose, enhanced survival was obtained when M. mycetomatis-infected larvae were treated with amphotericin B, but not when they were treated with itraconazole or terbinafine. Combination therapy did not increase survival compared to 5% glucose-treated larvae, itraconazole-treated larvae or terbinafine-treated larvae. Compared to amphotericin B monotreatment, a significant decrease in survival was noted when this therapy was combined with either itraconazole or terbinafine. CFU, melanisation and histopathology did not differ between monotherapy, combination therapy or 5% glucose-treated larvae. CONCLUSIONS: Combining different classes of antifungal agents did not enhance the survival of M. mycetomatis-infected G. mellonella larvae. Instead of improving the therapeutic outcome, combining either itraconazole or terbinafine with amphotericin B resulted in significantly lower survival rates of infected larvae than amphotericin B monotherapy. This experimental study does not provide support for the use of combined amphotericin B and itraconazole, combined itraconazole and terbinafine or combined terbinafine and amphotericin B and should be confirmed in other animal models.
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Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Madurella , Mariposas/microbiologia , Micetoma/tratamento farmacológico , Naftalenos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quimioterapia Combinada , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/microbiologia , Mariposas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , TerbinafinaRESUMO
Introdução: As micoses subcutâneas provocadas por fungos demáceos (MSCFD)são classificadas conforme sua apresentação no tecido: cromoblastomicose com presença de corpúsculos fumagoides, feoifomicose com hifas septadas demáceas e eumicetoma com grãos compostos por hifas septadas demáceas. Diversos tratamentos são propostos, entre eles a exérese cirúrgica. O tratamento cirúrgico é mais indicado nos casos em que há infecção localizada e passível de exérese, com bons resultados terapêuticos e baixa taxa de recidiva. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de um serviço dermatológico no tratamento cirúrgico dos casos de MSCFD, discutindo as abordagens cirúrgicas e seus resultados. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com análise descritiva dos casos atendidos no período de abril de 2014 a dezembro de 2016 em clínica dermatológica da cidade de São Paulo. Foram incluídos todos os casos com diagnóstico de MSCFD que foram submetidos à terapêutica cirúrgica com exérese total da lesão. Resultados: Foram totalizados sete casos: dois de eumicetoma, um de cromoblastomicose e quatro de feoifomicose. De todos os casos apenas um não foi abordado em regime de centro cirúrgico ambulatorial. Todos evoluíram sem sequelas e sem recidivas no seguimento clínico. Conclusões: A remoção da lesão cutânea é um boa opção terapêutica nos casos de MSCFD em que o procedimento cirúrgico for viável.
Introduction: Subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi are classified according to their characteristics in the tissue: chromoblastomycosis (with the presence of fumagoid corpuscles), phaeohyphomycosis (with dematiaceous septate hyphae) and eumicetoma (with grains composed of septate hyphae). Several treatments are proposed, among them, surgical excision. Surgical treatment is more indicated in cases where there is localized infection and where excision is possible, yielding good therapeutic outcomes and low recurrence rates. Objective: To describe the experience of a dermatological service in the surgical treatment of subcutaneous mycosis cases caused by dematiaceous fungi, discussing the surgical approach and its results. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with the descriptive analysis of cases treated from April 2014 to December 2016, at a dermatological clinic in the Brazilian Southeast city of São Paulo. All cases diagnosed with subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi were included and surgically treated with total exeresis of the lesion. Results: A total of 7 cases were analyzed 2 eumicetomas, 1 chromoblastomycosis and 4 phaeohyphomycoses. Only one on the cases was not treated at an ambulatory surgical center. All cases progressed without sequelae or recurrences during the clinical follow-up. Conclusions: When surgical treatment is possible, the exeresis of the lesion is a good therapeutic option in cases of subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi.
RESUMO
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El micetoma es una infección causada por hongos y actinomicetos aeróbicos. Es un padecimiento frecuente en México, con mayor afectación en hombres que en mujeres (3:1). Se caracteriza por aumento de volumen, deformidad del sistio de lesión y formación de fístulas. OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso de actinomicetoma durante el embarazo y analizar el protocolo de tratamiento. CASO CLINICO: Paciente de 29 años de edad, en su cuarto embarazo, con 29 semanas de gestación. El padecimiento se inició 13 años atrás, con dermatosis localizada en la extremidad inferior izquierda, constituida por un nódulo indoloro, que permaneció sin cambios hasta el inicio de la gestación actual, cuando le aparecieron múltiples lesiones nodulares y fístulas. En el examen directo de la secreción se observaron granos y en el cultivo se identificó Nocardia brasiliensis. Después del embarazo a término y con recién nacido sano, si indicó lactancia durante 4 meses y se interrumpió para prescribir bromocriptina. La dermatosis se extendió al doble, sin afectación ósea; se indicó tratamiento con sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima y dapsona. El tiempo total de tratamiento fue de 15 meses y seguimiento sin medicación durante un año. Se obtuvo curación clínica y microbiológica. CONCLUSIONES: El micetoma en mujeres embarazadas es excepcional. La mayor parte de los portocolos de tratamiento deben contraindicarse durante el embarazo. Cuando el micetoma se localiza en una zona que no afecta otros órganos ni se extiende, se sugiere continuar el embarazo y la lactancia sin prescripción de medicamentos pero iniciarla posterior al nacimiento.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Mycetoma is an infection caused by fungi and aerobic actinomycetes. It is a frequent condition in Mexico; it presents less in women than men (1:3). It is characterized by increased volume deformity of the region and sinuses. OBJECTIVE: We present a case of actinomycetoma in a pregnant patient and to analyze the behavior in its therapeutic management CLINICAL CASE: We present female, 29 years old, attending her fourth pregnancy at 29 weeks of gestation. It began 13 years ago with a localized dermatosis of the lower left limb, constituted by a painless nodule, remained unchanged until the beginning of the current gestation, developed multiple nodules and sinuses. A direct examination of the secretion was performed, observing grains, Nocardia brasiliensis was identified. After product birth, lactation was allowed for 4 months and discontinued with bromocriptine. The dermatosis extended to double without bone affection, treatment with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim + dapsone was given. Total time was 15 months and follow-up without medication for one year. Clinical and microbiological cure was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The development of mycetoma in pregnant women is rare, it is important to know the etiology, in eumycetoma all the antimycotics are teratogenic and in actinomycetoma most antibiotics cannot be used in pregnancy with some exceptions. If mycetoma is located in an area that does not compromise other organs or does not spread it is best to leave the course of pregnancy and lactation and then start treatment.
RESUMO
Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 44 años de edad, piel mestiza, procedente de zona urbana, con antecedentes personales de hepatopatía alcohólica, quien fue ingresada en el Servicio de Neumología del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, luego de ser remitida de su área de salud por manifestar episodios de expectoración con sangre y tos seca. Se realizaron estudios de laboratorio, cultivo de esputos, rayos X de tórax, tomografía axial computarizada de pulmón y biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina, que condujeron al diagnóstico de micetoma por Aspergillus fumigatus, lo cual posibilitó indicar el tratamiento adecuado y realizar el seguimiento clínico de la afectada(AU)
The case report of a 44 years mixed race patient from an urban area is described, with a personal history of alcoholic liver disease who was admitted in the Pneumology Service of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, after being referred from her health area due to expectoration episodes with blood and dry cough. Laboratory studies, sputum culture, thorax X rays, lung computerized axial tomography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy were carried out that lead to the mycetoma diagnosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus, which facilitated to indicate the appropriate treatment and to carry out the clinical follow up of the affected patient(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Aspergilose Pulmonar , Micetoma , Atenção Secundária à SaúdeRESUMO
Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 44 años de edad, piel mestiza, procedente de zona urbana, con antecedentes personales de hepatopatía alcohólica, quien fue ingresada en el Servicio de Neumología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, luego de ser remitida de su área de salud por manifestar episodios de expectoración con sangre y tos seca. Se realizaron estudios de laboratorio, cultivo de esputos, rayos X de tórax, tomografía axial computarizada de pulmón y biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina, que condujeron al diagnóstico de micetoma por Aspergillus fumigatus, lo cual posibilitó indicar el tratamiento adecuado y realizar el seguimiento clínico de la afectada.
The case report of a 44 years mixed race patient from an urban area is described, with a personal history of alcoholic liver disease who was admitted in the Pneumology Service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, after being referred from her health area due to expectoration episodes with blood and dry cough. Laboratory studies, sputum culture, thorax X rays, lung computerized axial tomography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy were carried out that lead to the mycetoma diagnosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus, which facilitated to indicate the appropriate treatment and to carry out the clinical follow up of the affected patient.
Assuntos
Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergilose Pulmonar , Micetoma , Mulheres , PneumologiaRESUMO
Sinus mycetoma is a dense accumulation of hyphae that form a rounded mass within the mucosal confines of a paranasal sinus. The aim of this study was to present a case series of three patients with maxillary sinus mycetoma and to describe their radiographic presentations. Three cases are presented. The first two, a 44-year-old woman and an 88 year-old man, both diabetics, were referred to maxillofacial treatment by other specialties. They both had a bad odor of unknown origin on the facial level and their respective computerized tomographies revealed a unilateral opacification of the maxillary sinus with a region of greater radio-opacity. The third case is a 31-year-old woman with a history of a severe facial trauma who had undergone surgery and for whom orthognathic surgery had been planned to correct side effects. In addition to the orthognathic surgery, the removal of the lesion that appeared opacified in the pre-surgery scan was planned. She showed opacification of the maxillary sinus and during the intraoperative stage, tissue of a whitish-gray appearance was detected on the maxillary sinus. The lesion was completely removed and the result of the histopathological study was sinus mycetoma. The patients evolved favorably and the symptomatology disappeared completely. The growing occurrence of mycetoma and the lack of information on it make publicizing this pathology fundamental so it can be considered as a differential imaging, clinical, and pathological diagnosis and in that way receive adequate and opportune treatment.
El micetoma sinusal es una patología de origen fúngico, que afecta a pacientes inmunocomprometidos, capaz de desorientar en su diagnóstico por su clínica y expresión imagenológica particular. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar una serie de tres casos con micetoma en el seno maxilar y describir su presentación imagenológica. Se presentan tres casos. Los dos primeros, una mujer de 44 años y un hombre de 88 años, ambos diabéticos y derivados a atención maxilofacial por otras especialidades. Coincidía un mal olor expelido de origen desconocido a nivel facial y en sus respectivas tomografías computarizadas se observó velamiento unilateral del seno maxilar con una zona de mayor hiperdensidad. El tercer caso corresponde a una mujer de 31 años con antecedente de trauma facial severo operado, a la cual se le planificó cirugía ortognática para corregir secuelas. En conjunto con la cirugía ortognática, se planificó la biopsia excisional de una lesión hiperdensa que se presentó en el escáner pre-quirúrgico; en el intraoperatorio se pesquisó tejido de aspecto blanquecino grisáceo en el seno maxilar. A todos los pacientes se les realizó la exéresis total de la lesión y el estudio histopatológico dio como resultado micetoma sinusal. Los pacientes evolucionaron favorablemente, desapareciendo por completo la sintomatología. La creciente incidencia del micetoma y el desconocimiento sobre el mismo hacen que sea fundamental la difusión de esta patología para ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial clínico y patológico, y realizar así un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Micetoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Micoses/patologia , Micoses/diagnóstico por imagem , Seios Paranasais/patologia , Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Sinusite/patologia , Sinusite/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The fungus ball is the most frequent type of fungal rhino-sinusitis. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical and surgical features of our patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 35 patients with fungus ball treated in our centre between 2006 and 2014. RESULTS: Mean age was 55 years old. 49% were men and 51% women. 75% involved the maxillary sinus, whereas 25% involved the sphenoid. 69% of our patients showed microcalcifications in the CT study. All the patients were surgically treated, with no cases of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical manifestations of fungus ball are non-specific, therefore endoscopy and image study are mandatory. The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological study of the lesion. Endoscopic sinus surgery is the treatment of choice, with opening of the diseased sinus and complete removal of the fungus ball. The frequency of complications is very low. No oral or topical antimycotic treatments are necessary.
Assuntos
Sinusite Maxilar/epidemiologia , Micoses/epidemiologia , Sinusite Esfenoidal/epidemiologia , Adulto , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Endoscopia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Sinusite Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Sinusite Maxilar/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micoses/diagnóstico por imagem , Micoses/cirurgia , Sinusite Esfenoidal/diagnóstico por imagem , Sinusite Esfenoidal/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
En el Hospital provincial Antonio Agosthino Neto de la ciudad de NDalatando, Kwanza Norte, Republica de Angola, se recibe una paciente femenina de la raza negra de 20 años de edad, con antecedentes de trabajar en el campo, laborando habitualmente descalza. Desde hace dos años, después de haberse hecho una herida con una espina de acacia, presentaba lesiones en la región del tarso y metatarso del pie derecho. Las lesiones nodulares que abarcaban la planta y dorso del pie presentaban color rojo amarillento y supuraban constantemente, con aumento de partes blandas. Se le indicaron análisis complementarios y estudios imagenológicos. Después de obtener los resultados micológicos, bacteriológicos e imagenológicos y debido a las lesiones óseas y en partes blandas que presentaba la paciente, se decide la amputación quirúrgica del pie (AU)
A 20-year-old black, female patient came to Antonio Agosthino Neto Provincial Hospital of the city of NDalatando, Kwanza Norte, Republic of Angola. She had a social history of farm working, usually barefoot. Since two years before she had been having lesions in the tarsal and metatarsal region of the right foot, after having cut it with an acacia thorn. The nodular lesions, covering the sole and back of the foot, had a yellowish red color and were suppurating constantly, with a swelling of the soft tissue. Investigations were ordered, including radiological studies. After having gathered the mycological, bacteriological and radiological results and due to the bone and soft tissue lesions, surgical amputation of the foot was decided (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Micetoma/cirurgia , Micetoma , Micetoma/terapiaRESUMO
We report a case of eumycetoma by Madurella mycetomatis on the buttocks and thighs in an adult immunocompetent patient, diagnosed after 30 years of clinical development. He was treated over four years with fluconazol and itraconazol associated with five times surgical excisions of subcutaneous nodules. At the eighth year of follow-up, one nodule recurred on the right infragluteal region, which was excised surgically and has remained asymptomatic ever since.
Relatamos o caso de um paciente adulto, imunocompetente, com eumicetoma por Madurella mycetomatis, localizado nos glúteos e coxas, diagnosticado após 30 anos de evolução clínica. Tratado no decorrer de quatro anos com fluconazol e itraconazol, associado a cinco tempos cirúrgicos de exérese dos nódulos subcutâneos. No oitavo ano de follow-up ocorreu recidiva de apenas um nódulo na região infraglútea, o qual foi excisado cirurgicamente, mantendo-se assintomático desde então.