Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Female Adolescents: The Relative Influence of Maternal Factors, Social Norms, and Perceptions of Risk and Availability.

Increasing understanding of the risk and protective factors for adolescent nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) could inform prevention efforts. Several correlates have been identified, including parental factors, perceptions about use and accessibility, social norms, and age. However, these constructs have rarely been simultaneously examined using paired data from parents and adolescents. We aimed to examine the relative influence of these correlates among dyads (N=349) of mothers and adolescent daughters. Using multiple logistic regression, daughters' past NMUPD and inclination for future NMUPD were regressed onto descriptive norms for friend use, perceived drug accessibility and risk of harm from use, daughter age, mothers' disapproval about use, mothers' past NMUPD and inclination for future NMUPD, and the mother-daughter relationship quality. Akaike weights and lasso regressions were also estimated to evaluate the relative importance of each correlate. Higher descriptive norms for friend use, older age, and mothers' inclination for NMUPD were risk factors for daughters' NMUPD, while a closer mother-daughter relationship and mothers' disapproving attitudes towards NMUPD were protective factors. The three analysis approaches were corroborative. Results suggest friend descriptive norms, mother-daughter relationship quality, and mothers' attitudes about NMUPD are important prevention targets.

Reflection of the mother-daughter relationship on the perception of birth: a qualitative study among pregnant women.

This research is conducted to examine the effect of pregnant women's relationships with their mothers on their perception of birth. This is a qualitative analytic study. This research is carried out with 19 pregnant women who received service from a state hospital in a southern province of Turkey between November-December 2020. Pregnant women between the ages of 18-35, at the 32nd gestational week and above, and who had an active relationship with their mother were included in the study. Data were collected by interview method using semi-structured questions. Descriptive analysis was performed for the analysis of the data. All transcripts were evaluated by two researchers and codes were created. The codes formed the subthemes in terms of similarities and differences, themes were created as a result of combining themes. The data obtained consists of three main themes: 1) Mother - daughter relationship, 2) Perception of birth, 3) Perception of maternal support at the moment of birth.

The mother-daughter Shared Agency in Weight Management Scale (SAWMS): development, validation, and implications for body dissatisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Much research suggests that mothers play an important role in shaping daughters' body image, yet less is known about how mother-daughter relationship dynamics in weight management affect daughters' body dissatisfaction. The current paper described the development and validation of the mother-daughter Shared Agency in Weight Management Scale (SAWMS) and examined its associations with daughter's body dissatisfaction. METHODS: In Study 1 (N = 676 college students), we explored the factor structure of the mother-daughter SAWMS and identified three processes (control, autonomy support, and collaboration) whereby mothers work with daughters in weight management. In Study 2 (N = 439 college students), we finalized the factor structure of the scale by conducting two CFAs and assessing the test-retest reliability of each subscale. In Study 3 (same sample as Study 2), we examined the psychometric properties of the subscales and their associations with daughters' body dissatisfaction. RESULTS: Combining results from EFA and IRT, we identified three mother-daughter dynamics in weight management-maternal control, maternal autonomy support, and maternal collaboration. However, based on various empirical results indicating poor psychometric properties of the maternal collaboration subscale, we removed it from the mother-daughter SAWMS and only evaluated the psychometric properties of the remaining two subscales (i.e., control and autonomy support). They explained a significant amount of variance in daughters' body dissatisfaction over and above the effect of maternal pressure to be thin. Maternal control was a significant and positive predictor of daughters' body dissatisfaction; maternal autonomy support was a significant and negative predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggested that maternal control in weight management was associated with daughters' increased body dissatisfaction, whereas maternal autonomy support in weight management was associated with daughters' lower body dissatisfaction. These specific ways in which mother work with daughters in weight management provide nuances in understanding young women's body dissatisfaction. Our SAWMS offers new ways to examine body image among young women through the mother-daughter relationship dynamics in weight management.

The current study described the procedure of developing a new measurement­the mother­daughter Shared Agency in Weight Management Scale (SAWMS). This scale aims to measure the different ways in which mothers work with their cisgender daughters in weight management. Based on self-reported survey data from cisgender female college students, we identified two ways whereby mothers work with their daughters in weight management­maternal control and maternal autonomy support. To better understand these mother­daughter dynamics, we also examined their relations with daughter's body dissatisfaction. We found that daughters whose mothers were more controlling when it comes to weight management reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction. On the other hand, daughters whose mothers were more autonomy-supportive in weight management reported lower levels of body dissatisfaction. Our results have important implications for understanding how mother­daughter relationship dynamics in weight management may contribute to the development of body image and perceptions among young women.

The Influence of Mothers on the Development of Their Daughter's Eating Disorders: An Integrative Review

ABSTRACT Background: Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by changes in eating behavior, whose aetiology is multifactorial with an emphasis on family relations, especially in the mother-daughter relationship Objective: To analyse the national and international scientific literature about the influence of mothers on the development of their daughter's ED. Methods: Integrative review based on the search of publications from 2012 to 2019 through PubMed, LILACS and SciELO electronic databases. Results: It was found 181 articles, from which 26 were selected (21 in English, four in Portuguese and one in French) to comprise the research corpus. In addition, 155 were removed from the review due to the exclusion criteria, which included narrative review articles, theses, dissertations, monographs, editorial letters and responses to the editor. Discussion: The analyzed articles offer evidence that the type of influence exercised by the mother depends on her personality profile, the mother's eating behaviour and body attitudes, the bond between mother and daughter and the type of communication that is established between the dyad. Conclusion: Health promotion actions in the population are necessary to prevent ED. In addition, interventions for families, and especially for mothers, are recommended, in order to favour more effective therapeutic and prognostic results.

Characteristics of Mother-Daughter Relationships and Sexual Risk-Coping Consciousness among Japanese Female University Students.

For heterosexual Japanese women in their early 20s, it is important to maintain good sexual health, develop intimate relationships with a partner, and go through the process of having a family. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of mother-daughter relationships among Japanese female university students and their associations with students' sexual risk-coping consciousness. We conducted a cross-sectional study using anonymous self-administered questionnaires. Participants were 329 female university students in their junior and senior years. The mother-daughter relationships of the study respondents were divided into the following three clusters: controlled group, close group, and independent group. The close and independent groups often consulted their mothers about sexual matters and, also, tended to be highly capable of actively expressing their opinions and cooperating with their partner in a sexual setting. In contrast, the controlled group revealed a significantly lower percentages of consulting their mothers on sexual matters and scored lower sexual risk-coping consciousness subscale scores. The controlled group may suffer a negative impact of the relationship with their controlling mothers as they try to build a good, trusting relationship with others. The characteristics of mother-daughter relationships may be associated with daughters' sexual risk-coping consciousness.

Maternal experience raising girls with autism spectrum disorder: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: A growing line of research has sought to characterize the different presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among boys and girls. Much less is known about maternal experience and mother-child relationship in children with ASD based on child gender. The present qualitative study aimed to investigate the mother-daughter relationship from the perspective of mothers who are raising girls with ASD with normal intelligence and functional verbal communication. METHODS: Eleven in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers of girls with ASD, ages 10-19 years. Data were analysed in an interactive process commonly used in naturalistic inquiry. Results provide insight into the unique maternal experience of raising a daughter with ASD. RESULTS: Mothers reported a sense of exclusion from the neurotypical population and male-dominant ASD population and transformation in relationship. Themes identified were skepticism and delayed diagnosis, disbelief from others, lack of information about girls with ASD, higher social demands in adolescence, puberty challenges around hygiene, disappointment about physical appearance, vulnerability in relationships and worries about future functioning. The mother-daughter relationship started with an early expectation of a close and intimate relationship that then underwent a transformation, which challenged maternal competence, reshaped expectations and created a different bond between mother and daughter. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this qualitative study highlight the impact of gender on the maternal experience of raising a daughter with ASD and contribute to a better understanding of the needs of both mothers and daughters. These results can help providers support the mother-daughter dyad by recognizing gender-specific challenges.

Unreliable Bodies: A Follow-up Twenty Years Later by a Mother and Daughter about the Impact of Illness and Disability on their Lives.

We are a mother and daughter, both health care professionals, who offer a follow-up to an article we published twenty years ago about the impact of each other's ongoing, serious medical problems on our relationship. In this article, we contribute a long-term perspective on the differences between having an illness that is well or poorly understood by medical professionals and the lay community. We also discuss health in the context of identity formation and life stage, as during this interval the daughter left home, graduated college, married, and had two children. Also in this period, the mother survived a third breast cancer and other life-threatening illnesses. We discuss the impact of these experiences on each other and in other important relationships in our lives. Current discourses on daughters of breast cancer survivors do not fit our experience and we speculate about why our story differs. We find that although we continue to contend with serious medical issues that impact our own, each other's, and our families' lives, nonetheless, our lives are rich, rewarding, and "appropriate" for our life stage. That is the news.

The Experience of Mothers Exposed to the Abuse of Their Daughters by an Intimate Partner: "There Is No Definition for It".

This qualitative study illuminates the experience of mothers exposed to the intimate partner violence (IPV) of their daughters. In-depth interviews with 11 exposed mothers were conducted. The findings reveal four semi-chronological phases in the participants' experiences: pre-disclosure of the daughter's abuse, the first definitive encounter with the daughter's abuse, living with continued exposure to the daughter's IPV, and the aftermath of the daughter's IPV. A recurrent theme in the mothers' experiences was their dual positioning as a forgotten victim of IPV and as a caregiver of their daughter shaped by prevalent motherhood ideologies. Possible implications for intervention are discussed.

In it together: Mother talk of weight concerns moderates negative outcomes of encouragement to lose weight on daughter body dissatisfaction and disordered eating.

Mothers' influence on their daughters is important for understanding girls' disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. Direct maternal encouragement of daughters to lose weight is linked to daughters' development of bulimic symptoms, and additional findings indicate that daughters whose mothers merely talk about dieting and body dissatisfaction are more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder. The current study extends such research by examining the interactive contributions of maternal encouragement to lose weight and maternal dieting discussions to the prediction of early adolescent daughters' body dissatisfaction and disordered eating over the middle school period. Participants were 89 adolescent girls who were in the 6th grade at Time 1. Regression analyses were conducted to examine interactive effects of mother encouragement to diet and talk of weight concerns on daughter body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and dieting behavior. Results suggest an interactive effect in which mothers' dieting talk may act as a buffer against the negative effects of direct encouragement to lose weight.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Maternal and Peer Influences on Sexual Intention among Urban African American and Hispanic Females.

Peer and family influences are interconnected in complex ways. These influences shape adolescent decision-making regarding engagement in sexual behaviors. Evidence indicates the more proximal (and direct) a process is to an individual, the more likely it is to affect his/her development and behavior. Therefore, family factors (e.g., parenting practices) and peer influence (e.g., peer norms) tend to be more strongly associated with adolescent behavior than distal factors (e.g., media or the economy). Guided by an ecological framework, this study explored how maternal influence variables interact with perceptions of peer influence to affect daughters' intentions to have sex. A nonprobability sample of 176 mother-daughter dyads was recruited in clinics and service organizations in the northeastern United States. Results from path analysis revealed that maternal influence variables had a significant indirect relationship with daughters' intentions to have sex through daughters' perceptions of peer influence. Maternal processes can act as protective factors for adolescent girls who perceive their peers are engaged in sexual behaviors. Therefore, risk reduction interventions with adolescents should include opportunities for parents to learn about sex-related issues and develop skills that will allow them to buffer negative peer influence.

Oedipus in Brooklyn: reading Freud on women, watching Lena Dunham's girls.

Through an examination of Freud's Lecture 33, "Femininity" (1933), and "Mourning and Melancholia" (1917), the author proposes a reading of Freud's description of the girl becoming a woman. Female development is retold as a melancholic narrative-one in which the girl's entrance into the positive Oedipus is founded on unconscious grievance and unmourned loss of the early relationship with her mother. Castration and penis envy are reconceived as melancholic markers-the manifest content of the subjectivity of refusal, loss, and imagined repair of the early maternal relationship. Lena Dunham's HBO television series Girls is analyzed as an illustration of these theoretical understandings.

Triste falo: uma imagem da relação mãe-filha / The melancholic phallus: a figure of the mother-daughter relationship

Segundo Freud, a relação mãe-filha é caracterizada por um eterno conflito de ambivalência. A inveja do pênis, nessa relação, desempenha um papel central, e a busca fálica é o refúgio secreto da relação com a mãe. Entretanto, no cerne da lógica fálica existe a angústia de perda do amor do objeto, que é revivida com a emergência da sexualidade genital adulta. O autor estuda os aspectos melancólicos, que são tanto defletidos quanto perpetuados, por esta configuração psíquica, em prol da fidelidade ao objeto materno.(AU)

According to Freud, the mother-daughter relationship is marked by a never-ending conflict of ambivalence. "Penis envy" plays a central role in this relationship and the phallic claim can be seen as its secret refuge. However, at the very core of the phallic logic, there is the anxiety of loss of the object's love, which is revived with the emergence of adult genital sexuality. The author studies the melancholic aspects which are both deflected and perpetuated by this psychic configuration, in order to remain faithful to the maternal object.(AU)

Triste falo: uma imagem da relação mãe-filha / The melancholic phallus: a figure of the mother-daughter relationship

Segundo Freud, a relação mãe-filha é caracterizada por um eterno conflito de ambivalência. A inveja do pênis, nessa relação, desempenha um papel central, e a busca fálica é o refúgio secreto da relação com a mãe. Entretanto, no cerne da lógica fálica existe a angústia de perda do amor do objeto, que é revivida com a emergência da sexualidade genital adulta. O autor estuda os aspectos melancólicos, que são tanto defletidos quanto perpetuados, por esta configuração psíquica, em prol da fidelidade ao objeto materno.

According to Freud, the mother-daughter relationship is marked by a never-ending conflict of ambivalence. "Penis envy" plays a central role in this relationship and the phallic claim can be seen as its secret refuge. However, at the very core of the phallic logic, there is the anxiety of loss of the object's love, which is revived with the emergence of adult genital sexuality. The author studies the melancholic aspects which are both deflected and perpetuated by this psychic configuration, in order to remain faithful to the maternal object.

The mother-daughter relationship in eating disorders: the psychotherapy group of mothers / Relação mãe-filha nos transtornos alimentares: o grupo psicoterapêutico de mães / Relation mère-fille et troubles alimentaires: le groupe psychothérapeutique de mères / La relación madre-hija en los trastornos alimentarios: el grupo psicoterapéutico de madres / Mutter-tochter beziehung im zusammenhang mit essstörungen: die psychotherapeutische gruppe von mütter

Psychotherapeutic interventions that bring about differentiation, separation, individuation and autonomy in the mother-daughter relationship are recommended as treatment for eating disorders. With this goal in mind, a psychotherapy group for mothers was organized in an outpatient program for adolescents with eating disorders at a public institution, as one of the psychotherapeutic approaches in the multidisciplinary treatment of adolescent patients. Evidence suggests that this approach can be relevant and effective in the treatment of eating disorders.

Intervenções psicoterapêuticas que promovam a diferenciação, a separação, a individuação e a autonomia na relação mãe-filha são preconizadas e enfatizadas no tratamento dos transtornos alimentares. Com esse objetivo foi instituído o Grupo Psicoterapêutico de Mães no programa de transtornos alimentares de uma instituição pública , como uma das abordagens psicoterapêuticas no tratamento multidisciplinar dos pacientes adolescentes e que vem se mostrando uma intervenção pertinente e eficiente no tratamento desses transtornos.

Les interventions psychothérapeutiques qui favorisent la différenciation, la séparation, l'individuation et l'autonomie dans la relation mère-fille sont recommandées et mises en relief dans le traitement des troubles de l'alimentation. C'est avec ce but que le Groupe Psychothérapeutique de Mères a été inclus dans le programme des troubles de l'alimentation d'une institution publique comme une des approches psychothérapeutiques d'un traitement pluridisciplinaire de patients adolescents. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il s'agit d'une intervention pertinente et efficace pour le traitement des troubles alimentaires.

Las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas que promueven la diferenciación, la separación, la individuación y la autonomía en la relación madre-hija, son recomendadas y enfatizadas en el tratamiento de los trastornos alimentarios. Con este objetivo el Grupo Psicoterapéutico de Madres, se ha establecido en el programa de trastornos alimentarios de adolescentes de una institución pública, como uno de los enfoques psicoterapéuticos en el tratamiento multidisciplinario de los pacientes adolescentes. Las evidencias sugieren que es una intervención relevante y eficaz para ser utilizada en el tratamiento de trastornos de la alimentación.

In der Behandlung von Essstörungen werden psychotherapeutische Interventionen, die die Absonderung, Trennung, Individualisierung und Autonomie in der Mutter-Tochter Beziehung fördern, empfohlen und hervorgehoben. Die Grupo Psicoterapêutico de Mães (Psychotherapeutische Gruppe von Mütter) wurde mit diesem Ziel im Programm für Essstörungen einer öffentlichen Einrichtung gebildet. Sie stellt eine der psychotherapeutischen Ansätze in der multidisziplinären Behandlung von Teenager-Patienten dar und erweist sich als eine angemessene und erfolgreiche Intervention in der Behandlung dieser Störungen.

Sobre geração, cuidado e amor: uma compreensão de "Sonata de Outono" / About generation, care and love: an understanding of "Autumn Sonata"

O presente trabalho pretende uma leitura do filme de Ingmar Bergman 'Sonata de Outono' (1978), com foco na relação mãe-filha, tendo em vista que esta relação possui uma marca diferenciada: está referida a questão da origem. Através de uma compreensão da relação das personagens apresentadas no filme, deparamo-nos com considerações acerca da geração, do cuidado e do amor, temas concebidos como possibilidades de ser do homem. (AU)

The present study aims the comprehension of Ingmar Bergman's film "Autumn Sonata" (1978), focusing on a distinguished aspect of the mother-daughter relationship, the origin. Through an understanding of the bounds of the characters featured in the film, we are faced with considerations about generation, care and love; the themes are conceived as man's possibilities of being. (AU)

O fantasma da repetição e a relação mãe / filha / The phantom of repetition and mother/ daughter relationship

Este estudo de caso foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a interferência de padrões e crenças familiares no processo de diferenciação de jovens mulheres por meio de estudo de casos. Foram selecionadas sete jovens atendidas no Centro de Orientação da Família (COF), residentes em Salvador, e que apresentavam dificuldades emocionais associadas à vida familiar. Entrevistas semi estruturadas com as participantes, acopladas a relatórios de atendimentos, forneceram a base empírica do estudo. O conjunto das informações coletadas foi analisado agrupando os conteúdos por temas. O tema destacado, medo de repetir a história de vida materna, foi desdobrado em: ausência da figura paterna; falta de credibilidade quanto à figura masculina; dificuldades associadas à sexualidade e conflitos com a mãe. As jovens investiam sua energia preferencialmente no estudo e objetivo profissional, sentindo-se responsáveis por colaborar economicamente na manutenção do grupo familiar e assumindo papéis que caberiam a seus pais. A sobrecarga e dificuldade para lidar com tais situações repercutiam nas jovens, com incidência de sintomas psicossomáticos, sinalizando a dramaticidade dos conflitos vivenciados. Conclui-se que a possibilidade de emancipação aberta às novas gerações em uma sociedade urbana e individualista entrava em conflito, nos casos estudados, com o ideário ainda tradicional, onde padrões e crenças apontam para a lógica da reciprocidade e solidariedade dos laços de parentesco.(AU)

The current investigation, conducted through case studies, aimed to verify the interference of family standards and beliefs in the process of differentiation of young women. The group was composed of seven young women, all of them attending the COF Center of Orientation to the Family - and residing in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, who showed emotional problems associated with family life. Semi-structured interviews with the participants, together with the participants' attendance reports, provided the empirical basis for the study. The analysis of the collected material was made by grouping the contents into subject themes. The theme that stood out fear of repeating their mothers' life history - unfolded into: absence of paternal figure; lack of credibility concerning the male figure; sexuality problems and conflicts with the mother. These youths' struggles focused preferably on study and professional targets; the young women felt responsible for sharing family expenses, and often took roles belonging to their parents. Overloaded by these situations and feeling incapable of dealing with them, these youths were seriously hit by the incidence of psychosomatic symptoms that exposed the dramatic conflicts they were living with. Hence, it is concluded that the liberalization possibility open to new generations within an urban and individualistic society conflicts, in these cases, with the still traditional ideals where the standards and beliefs point towards a logic of reciprocity and solidarity of kinship ties.(AU)

The Relationship Among Mother-Daughter Relationship, Husband-Wife Relationship and Prenatal Attachment according to Pregnant Women's Internal Working Model / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among mother-daughter relationship, husband-wife relationship, and prenatal attachment according to pregnant women's internal working model. METHOD: A convenience sample of 68 pregnant women was recruited from two OBGYN hospitals in M city. Data collection was conducted through the use of an Adult Attachment Interview and questionnaires. This study used a descriptive correlational design and the period of investigation was from July 3-20, 2002. 41 of the 68 women were in a secure pregnant women's internal working model and 27 of the 68 in insecure ones. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: Mean score of the prenatal attachment of the secure pregnant women and mean score of the mother-daughter relationship of the secure pregnant women was significantly higher than that of insecure ones. 3) Prenatal attachment was negatively and significantly related to mother-daughter attachment and husband-wife attachment in the secure pregnant women's internal working model. However it was not significantly relationship in insecure pregnant women's internal working model. CONCLUSION: It is found in this study that there is an intergenerational attachment relationship during pregnancy. Further findings support the development of creative strategies to enhance positive attachment relationships for pregnant women. It is recommended to develop nursing education of attachment for the insecure pregnant women's internal working model.