A prospective comparative study of efficacy and safety of 15% trichloroacetic acid peel, 35% glycolic acid peel and Q-switched Nd-YAG laser in patients of macular amyloidosis.

Background: The unappealing appearance of skin in macular amyloidosis (MA) interferes with the patient's quality of life, and treating the condition has been challenging. Aims and Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel, 35% glycolic acid (GA) peel, and Q-switched Nd-YAG Laser in MA. Materials and Methods: Open, prospective study was conducted over 2 years, where after fulfilling the criteria, randomization was done into three groups. Group A: 15% TCA peel; Group B: 35% GA peel; Group C: Q-switched Nd-YAG Laser. Procedures were repeated at monthly intervals for six sittings. On each visit, patients were scored on the following parameters: color score, visual analog score (VAS), physician global assessment (PGA) scale, subjective improvement, and adverse effects. Results: A total of 75 patients (25 patients in each group) completed the treatment. The mean age of study-population was 35.68 ± 9.8 years, with female to male ratio of 11.5:1. The mean change in color score (1.68) was more by Group A, followed by Group C (1.4), followed by Group B (1.16). Similar results were noted by subjective improvement, VAS, and PGA. Adverse events were more in Group A, followed by Group C, followed by Group B. No patient showed permanent adverse events. Conclusion: TCA-peel showed superior results over Nd-YAG laser and glycolic-acid peel. TCA-peel being cost-effective with excellent acceptability should be considered a treatment modality.

An energy efficiency assessment of Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in vitro.

To study the effect range of the Nd:YAG laser through various levels of cloudy medium for targets with varying grayscale values in vitro. The coated paper cards with grayscale values of 0, 50, 100, and 150 were used as the laser's targets, which were struck straightly with varying energies using three burst modes (single pulse, double pulse, and triple pulse). Six filters (transmittances of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90) were applied to simulate various levels of cloudy refractive medium. Image J software was used to measure the diameters and regions of the laser spots. The ranges of the Nd:YAG laser spots increased with energy in the same burst mode (P < 0.05). Under the same amount of energy, the ranges of the Nd:YAG laser spot increased with the grayscale value of the targets (P < 0.05). The greater the transmittance of the filters employed, the larger the range of the Nd: YAG laser spots produced. Assuming that the total pulse energy is identical, the effect ranges of multi-pulse burst modes were significantly larger than those of single-pulse burst mode (P < 0.05). The effect range of a Nd:YAG laser grows with increasing energy and the target's grayscale value. A cloudy refractive medium has a negative impact on the effect range of the Nd: YAG laser. The single pulse mode has the narrowest and safest efficiency range.

No side effects on rabbit retina or vitreous microenvironment by nd:YAG laser vitreolysis.

BACKGROUND: To explore the safety of Neodymium:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser vitreolysis based on the histological examination of the retina and the alteration of vitreous cytokines in the rabbits. METHODS: Nine male New Zealand rabbits underwent Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis of 10 mJ x 500 pulses in the left eyes, while the right eyes were used as controls. Intraocular pressure, color fundus photography, and ultrasound B scan were measured before, as well as 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis. Three rabbits were euthanized 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to look for pathological changes in the retina. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and some inflammatory cytokines, including interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interlenkin 6 (IL-6) in the vitreous humor. The ascorbic acid (AsA) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) in the vitreous humor were also measured. RESULTS: Following Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis, the levels of VEGF, IP-10, MCP-1, IL6, AsA, and TRAP in the vitreous humor did not change substantially (P > 0.05). There were no detectable pathological changes in the retinal tissues, and no apoptotic signal was found. CONCLUSIONS: Rabbits tolerate Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis without observable impact on retinal tissue or the microenvironment of the vitreous.

Canal disinfection using Nd: YAG Laser, synchronized microbubble-photodynamic activation, and carbon quantum dots on microhardness, smear layer removal, and extrusion bond strength of zirconia post to canal dentin. An invitro scanning electron microscopic analysis.

Evaluation of the impact of the latest root canal disinfectant, that is carbon quantum dots (CQDs), synchronized microbubble-photodynamic activation (SYMPA), and Nd: YAG laser along with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a final irrigant on the Marten hardness (MH), smear layer (SL) removal, and extrusion bond strength (EBS) of zirconia post to the canal dentin. Eighty intact single-rooted premolars were obtained and disinfected using 0.5% chloramine-T solution. Root canal preparation was performed using ProTaper files followed by obturation. The post space was prepared for prefabricated zirconia post and all the teeth were randomly divided into four groups based on the disinfection used (n = 20 each) Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA (Control), Group 2: Nd: YAG laser + 17% EDTA, Group 3: SYMPA + 17% EDTA, and Group 4: CQDs + 17% EDTA. MH, SL removal, and EBS of zirconia post-bonded to root dentin were performed using a microhardness tester, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and universal testing machine, respectively. Both intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc-Tukey test for significant difference (p < .05). Group 2 samples (Nd: YAG laser + 17% EDTA) (0.24 ± 0.06 GPa) exhibited highest values of MH. Samples in group 3 (SYMPA + 17% EDTA) treated teeth unveiled the lowest MH scores (0.13 ± 0.02 GPa). Moreover, the coronal third of Group 3 specimens (SYMPA and 17% EDTA) (1.54 ± 0.31) eliminated SL from the canal with the greatest efficacy as well as presented the highest EBS (10.13 ± 0.69 MPa). However, the apical third of Group 1 samples (5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA) (2.95 ± 0.33) exhibited the least efficient elimination of SL from the radicular dentin as well as the lowest bond strength (5.11 ± 0.19 MPa) of zirconia post to the dentin. The SYMPA technique with 17% EDTA proved highly effective in removing the SL from canal dentin and enhancing the EBS of zirconia posts. The least preferable method for SL removal and MH improvement was found to be 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. CQDs and Nd: YAG laser demonstrated satisfactory smear layer removal properties from the canal, along with achieving appropriate bond strength of zirconia posts. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Nd: YAG laser and 17% EDTA as canal disinfectant exhibited the highest values of MH. Specimens irrigated with SYMPA and 17% EDTA eliminated SL from the canal with the greatest efficacy. The coronal third of Group 3 (SYMPA + 17% EDTA) samples unveiled the highest zirconia post-bond integrity score to the canal dentin. Cohesive failure was a dominant failure type among different experimental groups.

1444-nm Nd:YAG for Laser-Assisted Lipolysis: A Minimally Invasive Technique for the Treatment of Pseudogynecomastia.

Background: The options for treating pseudogynecomastia are limited, and there is a growing demand for noninvasive breast fat reduction. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a laser-assisted lipolysis (LAL) device emitting 1444 nm for the treatment of pseudogynecomastia. Methods: A total of 9 male patients diagnosed with pseudogynecomastia underwent laser procedure with a Nd:YAG laser emitting at 1444 nm. The goal was to generate adequate heat propagation and thermal action in the dermis as homogeneous as possible to induce fat cell lipolysis. The results were clinically evaluated by comparing pictures at baseline and 4 months later. Results: An independent comparison of baseline and post-treatment pictures by a physician evaluator 4 months after treatment revealed significant improvement in all patients. Three subjects (33%) showed grade 4 improvement; 4 (44%) showed grade 3 improvement, and 2 (22%) showed grade 2 improvement. Breast sizes decreased in all patients 4 months after 1444-nm LAL. All patients experienced an incident-free postoperative period. Conclusions: The LAL procedure performed in this study using 1444-nm Nd:YAG laser appears to be a very effective/comfortable outpatient solution to the problem for patients. It has proven a safe procedure, and all subjects in the study experienced a significant clinical improvement regarding their pseudogynecomastia, with a decrease in breast volume and visible skin contraction.

Multiphotonic Ablation and Electro-Capacitive Effects Exhibited by Candida albicans Biofilms.

This work reports the modification in the homogeneity of ablation effects with the assistance of nonlinear optical phenomena exhibited by C. albicans ATCC 10231, forming a biofilm. Equivalent optical energies with different levels of intensity were irradiated in comparative samples, and significant changes were observed. Nanosecond pulses provided by an Nd:YAG laser system at a 532 nm wavelength in a single-beam experiment were employed to explore the photodamage and the nonlinear optical transmittance. A nonlinear optical absorption coefficient -2 × 10-6 cm/W was measured in the samples studied. It is reported that multiphotonic interactions can promote more symmetric optical damage derived by faster changes in the evolution of fractional photoenergy transference. The electrochemical response of the sample was studied to further investigate the electronic dynamics dependent on electrical frequency, and an electro-capacitive behavior in the sample was identified. Fractional differential calculations were proposed to describe the thermal transport induced by nanosecond pulses in the fungi media. These results highlight the nonlinear optical effects to be considered as a base for developing photothermally activated phototechnology and high-precision photodamage in biological systems.

Vitrectomy for a traumatic macular hole caused by cosmetic laser in a beauty salon: A case report.

Background: The Nd:YAG laser is widely used in various aspects of work and life. Currently, it has become a popular cosmetic technique in beauty salons. The laser can be dangerous when it flashes into people's eyes. Case presentation: A 34-year-old female sustained a 1064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser injury to her left eye. One month after the injury, she presented to our clinic with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/250 and a full-thickness macular hole on the optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patient received pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling and sterile air injection 3 months after the injury. OCT showed closure of the hole 9 days postoperatively. After a 3-month follow-up, her BCVA improved to 20/100. Conclusions: This case report comprehensively introduces the whole progression of a cosmetic laser-induced macular hole from formation to recovery. Due to the potential threats of the laser and its irreversible damage to the retina and choroid, sufficient education should be given before performing any laser devices, especially those without professional knowledge.

Pilot Study to Demonstrate Improvement in Skin Tone and Texture by Treatment with a 1064 nm Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser.

BACKGROUND: The 1064 nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser was developed to treat unwanted pigmentation in the skin such as lentigines caused by photoaging, and tattoos from dye/ink insertion. This laser has also been used for non-ablative epidermal rejuvenation (skin toning). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in skin tone, skin texture and overall improvement after a series of treatments with the QS Nd:YAG laser. METHODS: Participants received seven full-face treatments with M22 or Stellar M22, a 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser, at 2-week intervals. The investigators and participants evaluated the improvement in skin tone and texture at 1, 3 and 6 months after the last treatment. Patient satisfaction, patient discomfort, downtime and adverse events were recorded. Histological changes in the treated area were also evaluated. RESULTS: Thirteen women with a median age of 45 years (range, 34-61 years) were included in the study. The majority of the participants (53.9%) had skin type VI. One month after the last treatment session, 38% of participants reported good to very good improvement. This value increased to 100% participant improvement at both the 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. The reduction in melanin index and the histological analysis demonstrated that the laser procedure contributed to a reduction in epidermal melanin content. Treatments were not associated with high levels of pain or discomfort. The most common immediate post-treatment response was erythema and edema. Most participants were satisfied with the resulting treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: Skin treatment with the 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser module on the M22 and Stellar M22 devices, using a large spot size, low fluence, moderately high repetition rate, improves skin tone and texture in patients with skin types II-VI.

Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser kernel irradiation on maize (Zea mays L.): Insights into germination, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and morphological modifications.

Energy has always been the most concerned topic worldwide due to its large consumption. Among various types of energies, light has amazing characteristics and have interesting effects on living organisms. Interest is increasing in the use of laser kernel treatment as an environment friendly physical technique for better results in agronomic crops, but the work is still in progress. The present study was conducted with the aim to examine the application of range of Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) pulsed laser exposures (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 J/cm2) as pre-sowing kernel treatment on seedling survival rate, leaf photosynthetic activity in relation with photosynthetic pigments and visual morphological effects at seedling to maturity stage. Results showed that the low laser exposure (200, 400 and 600 J/cm2) improved the photosynthetic activity in parallel with improvement in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids as well as morphological traits. Kernel treatments with higher laser fluences (800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 J/cm2) showed irregular responses in studied attributes examined at the individual plant level. At 800 and 1000 J/cm2 improvements were found in some plants but at higher doses clear negative impacts were recorded on studied attributes. In conclusion, the lower doses of Nd:YAG pulsed laser fluences are found beneficial for induction of improvement in maize plants for better growth but higher doses were found toxic ones. In future further studies are needed to check the impacts of low laser doses on yield related attributes under field conditions and the high doses might also be used to create variants with beneficial characteristics if possible.

Effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation at different energy densities on dentin bond durability under simulated pulpal pressure.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the microstructures of dentin surfaces and the long-term bond strength of dentin under simulated pulpal pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under simulated pulp pressure, 30 freshly extracted caries-free third molars were cut into 2-mm-thick dentin samples and then divided into five groups: the control and laser groups (93.3 J/cm2; 124.4 J/cm2; 155.5 J/cm2; 186.6 J/cm2). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Vickers hardness were used to analyze the surface morphology, composition, and mechanical properties of the dentin before and after laser irradiation. Another 80 caries-free third molars were removed and treated as described above, and the resin was bonded to the dentin surface with Single Bond Universal (SBU) adhesive in self-etch mode to make stick specimens. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and interfacial silver nanoleakage tests before and after 10,000 times thermocycling were then performed to analyze the bonding properties and interfacial durability of each group. RESULTS: SEM observations revealed that the surfaces of all laser group specimens were rough with open dentin tubules. Laser irradiation altered the surface composition of dentin while removing some collagen fibers but did not affect its surface hardness or crystallographic characteristics. Furthermore, laser irradiation with an energy density of 124.4 J/cm2 significantly promoted the immediate and aging bond strengths and reduced nanoleakage compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Under simulated pulp pressure, Nd:YAG laser pretreatment altered the chemical composition of dentin and improved the immediate and long-term bond strength. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study investigated the optimal parameters for Nd:YAG laser pretreatment of dentin, which has potential as a clinical method to strengthen bonding.

Combined Effects of Glutaraldehyde-based Desensitizer and Nd: YAG Laser on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Nd:YAG laser, glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer (GD), or their combination on occluding dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty dentin samples were obtained from non-carious human third molars and randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): (1) Control group treated with 37% phosphoric acid, (2) GD group, (3) Nd:YAG laser group (1064 nm, 100 µs, 10 Hz, 300 µm fiber, 1 W power, 100 mJ energy, and 85 J/cm2 energy density), (4) GD followed by Nd:YAG laser group, and (5) Nd:YAG laser followed by GD group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to capture five images from each sample for analysis of dentinal tubules using Image J software. SEM/EDX elemental analysis was performed to determine the main mineral contents. Data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test for statistical comparisons. RESULTS: Laser and combination groups showed a significant decrease in dentinal tubule counts compared with the control and GD groups (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in open dentinal tubule counts between the control and GD groups, as well as between the laser and combination groups. However, significant differences were observed in the total area, average size of the tubules, and percentage area between the control group and the treatment groups (GD, laser, GD + laser, laser + GD). No significant difference was found in the Ca/P ratio between the tested groups. CONCLUSION: The use of Nd:YAG laser alone or in combination with GD was more effective in occluding dentinal tubules compared to GD alone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study has shown that Nd:YAG laser alone and in combination with GD has superior dentinal tubule occlusion in vitro. Its clinical use in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity may overcome the drawback of conventional treatment approaches for dentin hypersensitivity needing repeated applications to achieve continuous relief from pain since acidic diet and toothbrushing result in the continuing elimination of precipitates and surface coatings. How to cite this article: Alzarooni AH, El-Damanhoury HM, Aravind SS, et al. Combined Effects of Glutaraldehyde-based Desensitizer and Nd: YAG Laser on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):52-57.

Comparative Treatment of Mucocutaneous Lesions in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients With Dual Sequential Pulsed Dye Laser and Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Versus Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Laser Alone: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study With Quality-of-Life Evaluation / Tratamiento comparativo de lesiones mucocutáneas en pacientes con telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria con láser dual secuencial de colorante pulsado y neodimio: itrio-aluminio-granate versus neodimio: itrio-aluminio-granate solo: un estudio controlado aleatorizado doble ciego con evaluación de la calidad de vida

Background: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by the presence of telangiectases and larger arteriovenous malformations in different organs. Mucocutaneous telangiectases can bleed and become an aesthetic concern, impairing quality of life (QoL). However, the best treatment approach has not been defined yet. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual wavelength sequential 595/1064nm laser (DWSL) compared to 1064nm laser (Nd:YAG) alone. Secondarily, to evaluate QoL impairment in HHT patients, and its improvement with laser therapy. Methods A comparative randomized split-body double-blinded prospective study (DWSL vs Nd:YAG). Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were recorded. The severity and degree of improvement were evaluated by three blinded examiners who scored pre-treatment and post-treatment pictures on a 5-point scale. Patients fulfilled Skindex-29 and FACE-Q® tests and assessed procedure-associated pain and patient satisfaction. Results: 111 treatment areas (55 treated with DWSL and 56 with Nd:YAG) from 26 patients were analyzed. The median number of laser sessions was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 2–4; mean 2.90 vs 2.88, respectively). The median improvement score, irrespective of location, was significantly higher for Nd:YAG compared to DWSL: 3 (IQR 2–3; mean 2.61) vs 2 (IQR 2–3; mean 2.32), p=0.031. Both FACE-Q index and Skindex-29 test results improved significantly (p<0.001), and 92.4% patients reported a high degree of satisfaction (≥8). No severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions DWSL and Nd:YAG laser are convenient, safe and effective treatment options for mucocutaneous telangiectases in HHT patients. However, Nd:YAG delivered better results with better tolerability. QoL was significantly improved by both treatments. (AU)

Antecedentes: La telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (THH) se caracteriza por la presencia de telangiectasias y malformaciones arteriovenosas de mayor tamaño en diferentes órganos. Las telangiectasias a nivel mucocutáneo pueden sangrar y convertirse en un problema estético, afectando la calidad de vida (CdV). Sin embargo, aún no se ha definido su mejor enfoque terapéutico. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del láser dual secuencial de longitud de onda de 595/1064nm (DWSL) en comparación con el láser de 1064nm (Nd:YAG) solo. Por otro lado, evaluar el deterioro de la calidad de vida en los pacientes con THH y su mejora tras la terapia con láser. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, doble ciego, aleatorizado, comparativo, de cuerpo dividido (DWSL vs. Nd:YAG). Se registraron las características demográficas, clínicas y del tratamiento. La gravedad y el grado de mejora fueron evaluados por tres examinadores ciegos que calificaron las imágenes previas al tratamiento y posteriores al tratamiento en una escala de 5 puntos. Los pacientes cumplimentaron las pruebas Skindex-29 y FACE-Q® y se evaluó el dolor asociado al procedimiento y la satisfacción del paciente. Resultados: Se analizaron 111 áreas de tratamiento (55 tratadas con DWSL y 56 con Nd:YAG) de 26 pacientes. La mediana del número de sesiones de láser fue de 2 (rango intercuartílico [RIC] 2-4; media 2,90 vs. 2,88, respectivamente). La mediana de la puntuación de mejora, independientemente de la ubicación, fue significativamente mayor para Nd:YAG en comparación con DWSL: 3 (IQR 2-3; media 2,61) frente a 2 (IQR 2-3; media 2,32), p=0,031. Tanto el índice FACE-Q como los resultados de la prueba Skindex-29 mejoraron significativamente (p<0,001), y el 92,4% de los pacientes informaron un alto grado de satisfacción (≥8). No se informaron eventos adversos graves... (AU)

[Artículo traducido] Tratamiento comparativo de lesiones mucocutáneas en pacientes con telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria con láser dual secuencial de colorante pulsado y neodimio: itrio-aluminio-granate versus neodimio: itrio-aluminio-granate solo: un estudio controlado aleatorizado doble ciego con evaluación de la calidad de vida / Comparative Treatment of Mucocutaneous Lesions in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients With Dual Sequential Pulsed Dye Laser and Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Versus Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet Laser Alone: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study With Quality-of-Life Evaluation

Antecedentes: La telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (THH) se caracteriza por la presencia de telangiectasias y malformaciones arteriovenosas de mayor tamaño en diferentes órganos. Las telangiectasias a nivel mucocutáneo pueden sangrar y convertirse en un problema estético, afectando la calidad de vida (CdV). Sin embargo, aún no se ha definido su mejor enfoque terapéutico. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del láser dual secuencial de longitud de onda de 595/1064nm (DWSL) en comparación con el láser de 1064nm (Nd:YAG) solo. Por otro lado, evaluar el deterioro de la calidad de vida en los pacientes con THH y su mejora tras la terapia con láser. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, doble ciego, aleatorizado, comparativo, de cuerpo dividido (DWSL vs. Nd:YAG). Se registraron las características demográficas, clínicas y del tratamiento. La gravedad y el grado de mejora fueron evaluados por tres examinadores ciegos que calificaron las imágenes previas al tratamiento y posteriores al tratamiento en una escala de 5 puntos. Los pacientes cumplimentaron las pruebas Skindex-29 y FACE-Q® y se evaluó el dolor asociado al procedimiento y la satisfacción del paciente. Resultados: Se analizaron 111 áreas de tratamiento (55 tratadas con DWSL y 56 con Nd:YAG) de 26 pacientes. La mediana del número de sesiones de láser fue de 2 (rango intercuartílico [RIC] 2-4; media 2,90 vs. 2,88, respectivamente). La mediana de la puntuación de mejora, independientemente de la ubicación, fue significativamente mayor para Nd:YAG en comparación con DWSL: 3 (IQR 2-3; media 2,61) frente a 2 (IQR 2-3; media 2,32), p=0,031. Tanto el índice FACE-Q como los resultados de la prueba Skindex-29 mejoraron significativamente (p<0,001), y el 92,4% de los pacientes informaron un alto grado de satisfacción (≥8). No se informaron eventos adversos graves... (AU)

Background: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by the presence of telangiectases and larger arteriovenous malformations in different organs. Mucocutaneous telangiectases can bleed and become an aesthetic concern, impairing quality of life (QoL). However, the best treatment approach has not been defined yet. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual wavelength sequential 595/1064nm laser (DWSL) compared to 1064nm laser (Nd:YAG) alone. Secondarily, to evaluate QoL impairment in HHT patients, and its improvement with laser therapy. Methods: A comparative randomized split-body double-blinded prospective study (DWSL vs Nd:YAG). Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were recorded. The severity and degree of improvement were evaluated by three blinded examiners who scored pre-treatment and post-treatment pictures on a 5-point scale. Patients fulfilled Skindex-29 and FACE-Q® tests and assessed procedure-associated pain and patient satisfaction. Results: 111 treatment areas (55 treated with DWSL and 56 with Nd:YAG) from 26 patients were analyzed. The median number of laser sessions was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 2–4; mean 2.90 vs 2.88, respectively). The median improvement score, irrespective of location, was significantly higher for Nd:YAG compared to DWSL: 3 (IQR 2–3; mean 2.61) vs 2 (IQR 2–3; mean 2.32), p=0.031. Both FACE-Q index and Skindex-29 test results improved significantly (p<0.001), and 92.4% patients reported a high degree of satisfaction (≥8). No severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions: DWSL and Nd:YAG laser are convenient, safe and effective treatment options for mucocutaneous telangiectases in HHT patients. However, Nd:YAG delivered better results with better tolerability. QoL was significantly improved by both treatments. (AU)

The Efficacy of Different Laser Applications on Dentin Sealing in Preventing Discoloration Induced by Mineral Trioxide Aggregate.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the pre-application of a dentin-bonding agent and the application of different lasers on the prevention of tooth discoloration caused by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in the presence of blood. Sixty extracted human anterior teeth were selected, with root lengths standardized to 10 mm and root canals shaped using Gates-Glidden drills #3 to #5. The samples were divided into six groups (n = 10): Group 1 with no surface treatment and Groups 2 to 6 with Optibond universal adhesive and Neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), Erbium yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG), Erbium-chromium-yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er:Cr:YSGG), and diode laser applications, respectively. Root canals were filled with fresh human blood, and ProRoot MTA and a collagen barrier were then placed. Color changes were measured with a spectrophotometer at 0, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days post MTA placement. Color differences (∆E) were analyzed using a two-factor mixed-design ANOVA with the Sidak method (p = 0.05). All treatment groups exhibited discoloration above the acceptability threshold. Although all treatment approaches exhibited less color change compared to the control group (p < 0.05), there was no significant difference among them in terms of preventing color change (p > 0.05). It was determined that none of the methods could guarantee 100% prevention of discoloration caused by MTA-blood contact.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and Kimura disease: A case report and literature review.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a benign vascular proliferative condition, typically presenting as subcutaneous nodules in the head and neck region of middle-aged women. Kimura disease (KD) is a benign condition that presents with subcutaneous nodules in a similar distribution with lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia, typically in Asian adult males. These diseases are often discussed together, including whether they exist on a spectrum or if they represent separate disease entities. Both are very rare in the pediatric population; in this report we highlight the case of a 10-year-old Caucasian male presenting with ALHE and KD.

Awake endoscopic laser surgery for early glottic carcinoma.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the oncologic efficacy of awake endoscopic laryngeal surgery in the treatment of T1-T2 glottic carcinoma. This is a retrospective study. Seventy-one patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1a- 26, T1b- 18, T2- 27) who underwent awake flexible endoscopic laryngeal surgery under local anesthesia and mild intravenous sedation were included in the study. In 64 cases (90.1%) only endoscopic tumor ablation by Nd:YAG laser (in 32.4% of cases being preceded by diathermy snare excision) was performed, and in 7 T2 cases postoperative radiotherapy was also offered. There were no complications during or after the endoscopic surgery. Ultimate control of disease, including salvage treatment, was obtained in 67 patients (94.4%). Cure without recurrence was achieved in 60 cases (84.5%). Local control without salvage radiotherapy or/and open surgery was achieved in 64 (90.1%) patients. Larynx preservation was obtained in 66 (93.0%) cases. At 5 years from the beginning of endoscopic treatment, 74.6% of the patients were alive and free of disease. The best results were obtained in the T1a group of treated patients, all the patients being free of disease with the preserved larynx. Awake endoscopic laryngeal surgery is a safe and oncologically efficient method of treatment of early glottic carcinoma that can be considered as an alternative to the traditional approach, primarily, for patients with risks/contraindications for radiotherapy, general anesthesia, and transoral microsurgery, and also for the patients who prefer to avoid general anesthesia with its related risks and would rather choose office-based laryngeal surgery.

Concurrent Occurrence of Trichilemmal Cyst and Nevus of Ota: Case Series.

Nevus of Ota or congenital oculodermal melanosis (ODM) is characterized by brown or blue/gray asymptomatic brown or blue/gray flat lesions of the skin, mucosae, episcleral/sclera, and uvea, which are located near the trigeminal nerve's ophthalmic and mandibular branches. The main ophthalmic complications are glaucoma and predisposition to uveal melanoma. "trichilemmal cyst" is also known as "wen" "pilar cyst" or " isthmus catagen cyst". It occurs in the scalp and mimics sebaceous cysts clinically. The swelling appears smooth in outline and is filled with cytokeratin. An unusual case of a 32-year-old male with both trichilemmal cyst and nevus of Ota, a 27-year-old female, and a 47-year-old male with nevus of Ota is discussed here.

In vitro studies the influence of Nd: YAG laser on dental enamels.

The present work aimed at assessing chemical, topographical, and morphological changes induced by Nd : YAG laser treatment of dental enamels by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifteen human enamel specimens were obtained, three of samples were kept untreated as a control while the others twelve samples were equally divided into four groups where each group have a three samples according to treating approach as: G1:(untreated);G2: (treated with Nd:YAG laser, 100 mJ/pulse,10 Hz/1064nm); G3(treated with Nd:YAG laser, 500 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz/1064nm); G4(treated with Nd:YAG laser 1000 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz/1064nm), and finally G5(treated with Nd:YAG laser, 1000 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz/532nm) respectively. Beside many craters and cracks, the AFM results showed fractures with depths of 19.23 nm, 174.7 nm, 216.9 nm, 207.4 nm and 156.5 nm and width of 559.2 nm, 833.4 nm, 1115 nm, 695.0 nm, and 5142 nm for all Groups respectively. The highest surface roughness was found in G5 with 111.4 nm while the lowest surface roughness was found in G1 to be 14.3 nm. The inside surface of the fissures was also rough. The SEM micrographs revealed modifications to the morphology. EDS was used to measure the phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) percentages presented in crater areas and their surroundings, Ca, P, O, and C levels were observed to vary significantly at the crater and its rim, a lower percentage of C wt% were realized corresponding to laser treatment of 1000 mJ/Pulse laser energy. However, it was not feasible to recognize a specific chemical arrangement in the craters. It is also concluded that the higher depth and particular edge of ablated part when teeth were irradiated by laser with 1000 mJ/10Hz/1064nm.

Photodynamic Therapy With Resveratrol and an Nd:YAG Laser for Enterococcus faecalis Elimination.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Enterococcus faecalis is the leading cause of endodontic treatment failures. Despite various conventional disinfection approaches, microorganisms often persist in root canals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an adjunct antimicrobial strategy employing a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) and light source. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of PDT using an Nd:YAG laser and resveratrol (RSV) with or without pigment, and confirmed that RSV is nontoxic as a PS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed laser irradiation at a 3W output power, using RSV and red pigment as the PS, on an E. faecalis bacterial solution. Subsequently, colony-forming units were quantified. The impact of RSV on osteoblasts was measured using an MTT assay. RESULTS: E. faecalis counts declined after laser irradiation. The combined application of laser irradiation with RSV, red pigment, or both showed a reduction compared to no irradiation and control groups without RSV and red pigment. The 50% cytotoxic concentration against osteoblast cells from mice incubated with RSV for 48 h was 162 µM. The value with RSV and laser was 201 µM and that with RSV and red pigment was 199 µM. The value with RSV, laser and red pigment was 357 µM. CONCLUSION: The combination of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and RSV as the PS with pigment was efficacious for E. faecalis elimination without inducing any toxic effects on osteoblasts. This combination holds potential as a root canal irrigation strategy.

Retrospective clinical evaluation of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser safety and efficacy in tattoo removal: A new perspective on the Kirby-Desai scale.

BACKGROUND: With nearly 50% of the population in the United States, Italy, and Sweden tattooed with at least one tattoo, the demand for its removal has risen by 32% since 2011. Traditional removal methods, such as Q-switched (QS) laser-based tattoo removal, can be lengthy, requiring up to 20 sessions. AIM: This study presents a retrospective clinical evaluation of seven short-pulsed QS, dual-wavelength Nd:YAG laser, as an efficient alternative, that can potentially reduce the number of sessions needed as calculated by a founded scale. METHODS: The QS modality delivers high-intensity pulses in four wavelengths, ideal for removing multicolored tattoos, of which two were used. We studied 11 patients who underwent 3-8 treatments (average 5.09) every 2-3 months. Each tattoo was assessed using the Kirby-Desai scale, considering the following factors: location, Fitzpatrick skin type, ink amount, layering, scarring, tissue changes, and tattoo color. Follow-ups were conducted after 6 months and at 4-5 years following last session. RESULTS: The long-term follow-up presented a significantly higher tattoo removal efficiency than the short-term follow-up (p < 0.001), indicating a sustained process of ink breakdown and elimination. Notably, the actual number of treatments were significantly lower than that predicted by the Kirby-Desai scale (average 5.09 vs. 9.9, p < 0.001). No severe adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the QS Nd:YAG laser offers a safe and effective alternative for tattoo removal, requiring fewer treatments than initially expected.