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1.
An. psicol ; 40(2): 227-235, May-Sep, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-232717

RESUMO

El objetivo fue examinar, desde una aproximación multi-informante, las medidas del Síndrome de Desconexión Cognitiva (SDC) de padres/madres e hijos/as y su relación con síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes. 279 niños/as (9-13 años), y sus padres/madres completaron las evaluaciones sobre SDC, la inatención del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y otras medidas internalizadas y externalizadas. Los ítems de las tres medidas de SDC convergieron razonablemente bien en el factor SDC. Se aportaron pruebas discriminantes de la validez de las relaciones entre las puntuaciones de las pruebas y las medidas de los tres constructos diferentes (SDC, soledad y preferencia por la soledad). La asociación más estrecha estuvo entre la evaluación parental de las medidas de SDC con ansiedad y depresión, y entre inatención con hiperactividad/impulsividad y trastorno negativista desafiante. Se observó capacidad predictiva de la medida de SDC sobre la soledad y preferencia por estar solo autoinformadas. Se encontró una posible asociación entre la medida del SDC evaluado por padres/madres y sexo y edad de los niños. En conclusión, los datos apoyan la inclusión de medidas autoinformadas en la evaluación del SDC. Las medidas del SDC en niños se vinculan con medidas internalizantes y, la inatención con las externalizantes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Saúde da Criança , Psicologia da Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Ansiedade , Depressão
2.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 77(5): 362-369, mayo 2024. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-JHG-67

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: La experiencia con el desfibrilador automático implantable subcutáneo (DAI-SC) en pacientes pediátricos aún es reducida. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la incidencia de complicaciones en pacientes pediátricos de nuestro centro en función del tipo de DAI y del tamaño del paciente.MétodosSe incluyó a pacientes menores de 18 años que recibieron un DAI-SC desde 2016 y pacientes contemporáneos (desde 2014) que recibieron un DAI transvenoso (DAI-TV). El evento principal fue el combinado de complicaciones y descargas inapropiadas.ResultadosSe implantó un DAI-SC a 26 pacientes (edad, 14 [intervalo, 5-17] años; índice de masa corporal [IMC], 20,2). De ellos, 23 (88%) fueron implantes intermusculares y el resto, en subserrato, 24 (92%) con 2 incisiones. Se programaron 2 zonas en todos los pacientes: condicional a 230 (220-230) lpm y de choque a 250 lpm. El grupo de DAI-TV incluyó a 19 pacientes (edad, 11 [5-16] años; IMC, 19,2; el 79% monocamerales). La supervivencia libre del evento principal a 5 años fue el 80% de los pacientes con DAI-SC y el 63% del grupo con DAI-TV (p=0,54); la de descargas inapropiadas fue similar (el 85 frente al 89%; p=0,86), mientras que la de complicaciones fue mayor en el grupo de DAI-SC (el 96 frente al 57%; cloglog p=0.016). En el grupo de DAI-SC no hubo fallo de la terapia ni mayores complicaciones con un IMC ≤ 20.ConclusionesCon las técnicas de implante y programación actuales, el DAI-SC es eficaz y seguro en pacientes pediátricos, con similares descargas inapropiadas y menos complicaciones a corto y medio plazo que el DAI-TV. (AU)


Introduction and objectives: There is limited evidence regarding the use of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (S-ICD) in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of complications in these patients at our center, according to the type of ICD and patient size.MethodsWe included all patients aged<18 years who received an S-ICD since 2016 at our center. As a control group, we also included contemporary patients (since 2014) who received a transvenous ICD (TV-ICD). The primary endpoint was a composite of complications and inappropriate shocks.ResultsA total of 26 patients received an S-ICD (median age, 14 [5-17] years; body mass index [BMI], 20.2 kg/m2). Implantation was intermuscular in 23 patients (88%) and subserratus in the remainder. Two incisions were used in 24 patients (92%). In all patients, 2 zones were programmed: a conditional zone set at 230 (220-230) bpm, and a shock zone set at 250 bpm. Nineteen patients received a TV-ICD (median age, 11 [range, 5-16] years; BMI, 19.2 kg/m2, 79% single-chamber). Survival free from the primary endpoint at 5 years was 80% in the S-ICD group and 63% in the TV-ICD group (P=.54). Survival free from inappropriate shocks was similar (85% vs 89%, P=.86), while survival free from complications was higher in the S-ICD group (96% vs 57%, cloglogP=.016). There were no therapy failures in the S-ICD group, and no increased complication rates were observed in patients with BMI ≤ 20 kg/m2.ConclusionsWith contemporary implantation techniques and programming, S-ICD is a safe and effective therapy in pediatric patients. The number of inappropriate shocks is similar to TV-ICD, with fewer short- and mid-term complications. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Desfibriladores Implantáveis/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Seguimentos , Incidência
3.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 42(5): 263-266, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38704193

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cases of acute mastoiditis, characteristics, management and complications in children attended in the emergency department. METHODS: Retrospective study of acute mastoiditis in a Spanish tertiary hospital over a 6-year period (2018-2023). RESULTS: One hundred two episodes of acute mastoiditis were analyzed (54% males, median age 1.8 years). Microorganisms were isolated in one third of cases, mainly Streptococcus pyogenes (64% of ear secretion cultures). Complications occurred in 27.5%, primarily subperiosteal abscess. A younger age, absence of vaccination schedule, previous history of otitis, cochlear implant carriers or white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications. Complicated cases had longer hospitalizations. Treatment included antibiotics, corticosteroids, and surgery in 50% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows an increase of acute mastoiditis during 2023, with a relevant role of S. pyogenes. A younger age, absence of vaccination, personal history of otitis or cochlear implant, blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels were not associated with complications.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Mastoidite , Humanos , Mastoidite/epidemiologia , Mastoidite/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Espanha/epidemiologia , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Doença Aguda , Criança , Adolescente
4.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 100(4): 241-250, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38604935

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren. METHOD: Validation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into 2 groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance across the sexes. RESULTS: The results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising 6 factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most of the EAT-21 factors. We found measurement invariance across the sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The abbreviated EAT-21 scale exhibited modest and promising psychometric properties, making it a suitable instrument for assessing DEABs in both sexes in educational settings.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Psicometria , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espanha , Criança , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Comportamento Alimentar
5.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 100(4): 241-250, abril 2024. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232094

RESUMO

Introducción: Las Actitudes y los Comportamientos Alimentarios Desordenados (DEAB, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden afectar tanto a la salud mental como física en los niños/as. Su detección temprana es crucial para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar las posibilidades de recuperación. El Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para evaluar las DEAB debido a su costo/efectividad.ObjetivoEvaluar las propiedades psicométricas del EAT-26, analizando la estructura factorial, la consistencia interna, la validez convergente e invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos en escolares españoles.MétodoEstudio instrumental con una muestra de 718 escolares. La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en 2 grupos, cada uno con 359 participantes, realizando un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). Posteriormente, se estimó la consistencia interna con el alfa ordinal, la validez convergente con el cuestionario SCOFF y la invarianza de medida entre ambos sexos.ResultadosLos hallazgos del AFE y AFC respaldaron una estructura multidimensional del EAT, compuesta por 6 factores y 21 ítems. Estos factores subyacen en un modelo de segundo orden de las DEAB. La consistencia interna fue suficiente para la mayoría de los factores. Se mostró una validez convergente moderada con el cuestionario SCOFF para la mayoría de los factores. Se alcanzó una invarianza estricta entre ambos sexos. (AU)


Introduction: Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours (DEABs) can impact both the mental and physical health of children. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is a widely used, cost-effective tool for assessing DEABs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 by analysing its factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in Spanish schoolchildren.MethodValidation study in a sample of 718 schoolchildren. The sample was randomly divided into two groups, each with 359 participants, and we carried out an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument. Subsequently, for the total sample, we assessed the internal consistency by means of the ordinal alpha, the convergent validity with the SCOFF questionnaire and the measurement invariance between the sexes.ResultsThe results of the EFA and CFA supported a multidimensional structure of the EAT comprising six factors and 21 items. These factors underlie a second-order model of DEABs. The internal consistency was adequate for most factors. The SCOFF questionnaire showed a moderate convergent validity for most factors. We found strict invariance across the sexes. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Instituições Acadêmicas , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Sexo
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 41(2): 338-345, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-232649

RESUMO

Introduction: risk factors associated with obesity such as poor dietary quality, low physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and poor sleep duration (SD) were affected during confinement resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Objective: the aim of our study was to evaluate the association between PA, ST and SD with the consumption of non-recommended food groups (N-RFG) in children during the COVID-19 pandemic, using data from ENSARS-CoV-2 Girls and Boys. Methods: data were gathered through a self-administered electronic survey carried out in four regions of Mexico during September and October 2020. Dietary patterns were established using k-means cluster analysis. Linear regression models were used to study the effect of food consumption patterns and PA on hours of ST per week. Results: in all, 2,405 children aged 2 to 11 were studied. Three food group consumption patterns were identified. Group 1 or “high consumption of added sugars group” and Group 2 or “high consumption of N-RFG group” children reported more hours of ST than those in Group 3 or “low consumption of N-RFG group” (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Group 2 reported more hours per week of ST but also more days of PA vs Group 3. Conclusion: confronted by the pandemic, it is essential to redouble efforts to reverse the harmful effects of lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic to improve the health of Mexican children in the years to come.(AU)


Introducción: los factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad, como la pobre calidad de la dieta, la baja actividad física (AF), el tiempo frente a pantallas (TP) y la corta duración del sueño (DS), se vieron afectados durante el confinamiento resultado de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre AF, TP y DS y el consumo de grupos de alimentos no recomendados (GANR) en niños durante la pandemia por COVID-19, utilizando datos de la ENSARS-CoV-2 Niñas y Niños.Métodos: la información fue recolectada por medio de una encuesta electrónica autoadministrada durante septiembre y octubre de 2020 en las 4 regiones de México. Para establecer patrones de consumo de alimentos se utilizó un análisis de conglomerados por el método de las medias k. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal para estudiar los efectos de los patrones de consumo de alimentos sobre AF y TP. Resultados: la muestra fue de 2,405 niños de 2 a 11 años de edad. Se identifi caron 3 grupos de patrones de consumo de alimentos. El grupo 1 o de “alto consumo de azúcares añadidos” y el grupo 2 o de “alto consumo de GANR” reportaron un mayor número de horas a la semana frente a una pantalla en comparación con el grupo 3 o de “bajo consumo de GANR” (p < 0,001 y p < 0,001, respectivamente). El grupo 2 reportó menos horas a la semana de TP pero también más días de AF con respecto al grupo 3.Conclusión: se ha vuelto esencial duplicar los esfuerzos para revertir los efectos nocivos en los estilos de vida que se establecieron durante la pandemia para mejorar la salud de los niños mexicanos en los años subsecuentes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , /psicologia , Estilo de Vida , Tempo de Tela , Exercício Físico , Dieta Saudável , /epidemiologia , Saúde da Criança , Inquéritos e Questionários , México
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 41(2): 415-425, Mar-Abr. 2024. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232658

RESUMO

Introducción: existe una disminución de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) y un aumento de la prevalencia del exceso de peso entre la población infantil y juvenil española. Objetivos: el objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el grado de adherencia a la DM y el estado nutricional de la población escolar de Mataró (España) a fin de obtener información útil para el diseño y aplicación de futuras intervenciones. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal en una muestra de 1177 escolares de entre 6 y 18 años. Se utilizó el índice KIDMED para evaluar la adherencia a la DM y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) para valorar el estado nutricional. Se incluyeron preguntas relacionadas con la percepción de los estudiantes del acceso a alimentos no saludables, la disponibilidad de dinero y el interés de los padres en recibir educación sobre alimentación. Resultados: el porcentaje de niños y adolescentes con óptima adherencia a la DM no alcanza el 50 %, siendo los jóvenes de secundaria quienes presentan un porcentaje menor (30 %). En relación con el estado nutricional de la muestra, más del 70 % presentaron un estado nutricional normal según el IMC, y un 20,7 % de los alumnos de primaria y un 13,8 % de los de secundaria se clasificaron con exceso de peso. Conclusiones: los datos confirman el interés de diseñar e implementar acciones educativas que involucren tanto a los estudiantes como a los padres, con el objetivo de mejorar los hábitos alimentarios de la población. Los resultados sugieren que la disponibilidad de dinero puede facilitar el acceso a alimentos no saludables y, por consiguiente, se debe considerar la promoción de entornos saludables que aumenten la oferta de alimentos saludables.(AU)


Background: there is a decrease in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and an increase in the prevalence of excess weight among the Spanish child and adolescent population. Objectives: the objective of the present study was to determine the degree of adherence to MD and the nutritional status of the school population of Mataró (Spain) in order to obtain useful information for the design and application of future interventions. Material and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 1177 schoolchildren between 6 and 18 years of age. The KIDMED index was used to assess adherence to MD, and the body mass index (BMI) to assess nutritional status. questions were related to the students' perception of access to unhealthy foods, availability of money and parental interest in receiving nutrition education. Results: the percentage of children and adolescents with optimal adherence to MD does not reach 50 %, with secondary school youths presenting a lower percentage (30 %). Regarding the nutritional status of the sample, more than 70 % had a normal nutritional status according to their BMI, and 20.7 % of primary school students and 13.8 % of secondary school students were classified as overweight. Conclusions: the data confirm the interest of designing and implementing educational actions involving both students and parents, with the aim of improving the eating habits of the population. The results suggest that availability of money may facilitate access to unhealthy foods and, therefore, the promotion of healthy environments that increase the supply of healthy foods should be considered.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Dieta Mediterrânea , Estado Nutricional , Avaliação Nutricional , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Nutrição da Criança , Nutrição do Adolescente , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Espanha , Ciências da Nutrição
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 41(2): 477-488, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232665

RESUMO

La dieta cetogénica constituyó desde su inicio un planteamiento sorprendente para el tratamiento de la epilepsia. Someter al organismo a un cambio en la obtención de energía, pasando de depender de los carbohidratos a hacerlo de las grasas, pone en marcha toda una serie de rutas bioquímicas que, de forma independiente pero también complementaria, dan lugar a un conjunto de efectos que benefician al paciente. Esta búsqueda de su mecanismo de acción, de idear cómo mejorar el cumplimiento y de aprovecharla para otras enfermedades ha marcado su trayectoria. En este artículo se revisan someramente estos aspectos, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de seguir realizando investigación básica y clínica para que este tratamiento pueda aplicarse con bases científicas sólidas.(AU)


The ketogenic diet was an amazing approach to treating epilepsy from its beginning. The body undergoes a change in obtaining energy, going from depending on carbohydrates to depending on fats, and then a whole series of biochemical routes are launched that, independently but also complementary, give rise to a set of effects that benefit the patient. This search for its mechanism of action, of devising how to improve compliance and take advantage of it for other diseases has marked its trajectory. This article briefl y reviews these aspects, emphasizing the importance of continuing to carry out basic and clinical research so that this treatment can be applied with solid scientific bases.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Dieta Cetogênica/métodos , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo de Esteroides , Epilepsia/terapia , Dietoterapia
9.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38670891

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) indications in the Spanish pediatric critical care units (PICUs). DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Electronic survey among members of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care (SECIP). It was sent weekly from April 10, 2023, to May 21, 2023. PARTICIPANTS: All SECIP members. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: The questions focused on workplace, years of experience, use or non-use of HFNC, justification and expectations regarding its application, starting point within each center, clinical criteria for indication, existence of clinical guidelines, evaluation during its use, and criteria and mode of withdrawal. RESULTS: Two hundred and two participants, 176 were from Spain. Of these, 87/176 had over ten years of experience. One hundred sixty two use HFNC and 66/162 have HFNC clinical guidelines. Acute bronchiolitis (138/162) and respiratory assistance after extubation (106/56) are the two main indications. For 62/162 HFNC may reduce therapeutic escalation. Neuromuscular diseases (105/162) and anatomical airway diseases (135/162) are the two main contraindications. The reasons to do not use HFNC were the absence of evidence about it effectiveness (8/14) and its inadequate cost/effectiveness balance (8/14). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of Spanish pediatric intensivists use HFNC. Its application and withdrawal appears to be primarily based on clinical experience. Besides, those who use HFNC are aware of its limitations and the lack of evidence in some cases. It is necessary to develop single-center and multicenter studies to elucidate the effectiveness of this therapy in the context of critically ill children.

10.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 2024 Apr 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38632020

RESUMO

Candida bloodstream infections in children are of special concern in neonatal and pediatric intensive care and patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors associated with mortality in candidemia cases occurring in a public children's hospital in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. It is a retrospective transversal study. Every patient under the age of 18 admitted to the study facility from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019, was considered potentially eligible to be included if they had candidemia. We collected clinical data from medical records. We included 113 blood cultures yielding positive results for Candida. The incidence rate was 2.12 per 1000 admissions. The most common Candida species was Candida parapsilosis. Septic shock during the candidemia episode was the only clinical outcome associated with a relative risk-adjusted (RRa) of 2.77 with an interval >1 (1.12-6.85). Our findings show that the incidence rate and mortality rates of candidemia are in line with those in other children's services in Brazil. We found a global mortality rate of 28.31% (32/113) from candidemia episodes. We highlight the predominance of non-albicans Candida species including C. parapsilosis. Septic shock was the most important factor showing a significant risk of mortality.

11.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 69-75, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229028

RESUMO

Para frenar la propagación del COVID-19, el gobierno español aplicó medidas restrictivas, como el cierre escolar. Aunque los efectos de la pandemia en el bienestar emocional de los niños han sido estudiados, faltan estudios que examinen la adaptación escolar tras la pandemia y el papel que la infección ha tenido en el proceso de adaptación. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre los eventos estresantes relacionados con la escuela y la adaptación escolar después del confinamiento, incluyendo la ansiedad como mediadora. Los participantes fueron 219 padres de niños y adolescentes españoles de entre 3 y 18 años que completaron encuestas sobre la ansiedad de sus hijos (Spanish Brief Child Version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale), los eventos estresantes vividos relacionados con la escuela (Stressful Eventos relacionados con el Inventario de Pandemia), y la adaptación escolar (Escala de Ajuste de los Niños después del Cierre Escolar de la Pandemia). Los resultados mostraron mayor prevalencia en el evento estresante distancia social (87%). Tener COVID-19 y sufrir acoso escolar se relacionó directamente con una mayor ansiedad. Los niños que disminuyeron el contacto social y sufrieron acoso escolar mostraron peor adaptación escolar, siendo la ansiedad un mediador indirecto. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de supervisar la adaptación escolar y promover estrategias para prevenir problemas emocionales en jóvenes expuestos a situaciones estresantes.(AU)


Aiming to mitigate the COVID-19 spread, the government of Spain applied restrictive measures, like schools’ closure. Although the ef-fects of the pandemic on children's emotional well-being have been stud-ied, there is a lack of studies examining school adjustment following the pandemic and the role that the infection has played in the adjustment pro-cess. The objective is to analyze the relationship between stressful events related to school experienced by children and their adjustment to school after the home confinement, including anxiety as a mediator variable. Par-ticipants were the parentsof 219 Spanish children and adolescents aged 3 and 18 years who completed a survey about their children’s anxiety (Span-ish Brief Child Version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale), the stress-ful events experienced related to school (Stressful Events related to Pan-demic Inventory), and the adjustment to school (Adjustment of Children after Pandemic School Closure Scale). Results showed that social distance was the most reported stressful event (87%). Having COVID-19 and expe-riencing bullying were directly related to a high level of anxiety. Children ́s who decreased social contact and experienced bullying showed a worse ad-justment to school. Anxiety was an indirect mediator of this relationship. Findings highlight the importance of supervising school adaptation and promoting strategies to prevent emotional problems when the youths are exposed to stressful situations.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , /psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Saúde do Estudante , Estresse Psicológico , Instituições Acadêmicas , Ansiedade , /epidemiologia , Psicologia , Saúde Mental , Psicologia Social , Ajustamento Social , Psicologia Educacional
12.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 37(2): 170-175, abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231651

RESUMO

Introducción. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la prevalencia de infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) en la población pediátrica de nuestro departamento de salud, describir los factores de riesgo para infección por SARM frente a las producidas por S. aureus sensible a meticilina (SASM) y conocer el perfil de sensibilidad antibiótica de los aislados de SARM y SASM. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo y analítico de las infecciones producidas por SARM frente a las producidas por SASM durante los años 2014 al 2018. Se estudiaron las variables predictoras de SARM mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados. Se identificaron 162 pacientes con infecciones por S. aureus, 15,4% resistentes a meticilina. Los porcentajes mayores de infección por SARM se dieron entre los niños que precisaron ingreso hospitalario (23,4%). En el análisis univariante alcanzaron significación estadística la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario, el antecedente de haber recibido tratamiento antibiótico en los 3 meses previos, el tipo de infección y el antecedente de infección o colonización previa por SARM. En el modelo de regresión logística la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario y el tratamiento antibiótico reciente mantuvieron significación estadística. Solo recibieron tratamiento antibiótico correcto el 26,7% de los niños que ingresaron con infección por SARM. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de revisar las pautas de tratamiento empírico usando fármacos activos frente a SARM en las infecciones de probable origen estafilocócico que ingresen en el hospital en niños sobre todo si han recibido tratamiento antibiótico reciente. (AU)


Introduction. The objectives of this work were to know the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in the paediatric population of our health department, to describe the risk factors for infection by MRSA compared to those produced by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and to know the antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA and MSSA isolates. Material and methods. A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of infections produced by MRSA versus those produced by MSSA was carried out during the years 2014 to 2018. Risk factors for MRSA infection were studied using a binary logistic regression model. Results, 162 patients with S. aureus infections were identified. Of these, 25 (15.4%) were MRSA. The highest percentages of MRSA infection occurred among children who required hospital admission (23.4%). In the univariate analysis the need of hospital admission, antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months, the kind of infection and past MRSA infection or colonisation reached statistical significance. However, only the need of hospital admission and antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months maintained statistical significance in the binary logistic regression model. Correct antibiotic treatment was only prescribed in 26.7% of the MRSA infection cases admitted to the hospital. Conclusions. Our results suggest the need to review empirical local treatment regimen using drugs active against MRSA in infections of probable staphylococcal origin admitted to the hospital, especially if they have received antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Staphylococcus aureus , Resistência a Meticilina , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Hospitalização , Estudos Retrospectivos , Epidemiologia Descritiva
13.
Espaç. saúde (Online) ; 25: 1-11, 02 abr. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1553208

RESUMO

As queimaduras são um problema de saúde pública e geram repercussões físicas, psicológicas e sociais, podendo evoluir ao óbito. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um jogo que possa distribuir informação, com foco na prevenção de queimaduras, servindo como alternativa para educação em saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa tecnológica para o desenvolvimento experimental de um game focando na prevenção de queimaduras infantis com a utilização do método da problematização pautada no Arco de Maguerez. A gamificação é uma alternativa inovadora para a capacitação e mudança de comportamento e a educação em saúde é uma ferramenta estratégica que auxilia e fortalece o cuidado. O jogo foi feito para crianças de seis a dez anos e será disponibilizado em ambiente virtual para dispositivo Android. Foi solicitado auxílio de um profissional em linguagem de programação para programar o jogo. Atualmente é necessário acompanhar as inovações e tecnologias, melhorando a interação com as crianças.


Burns are a public health problem and result in physical, psychological as well as social repercussions, leading to death. The objective of this study is to develop a game that can distribute information, with the focus on burn prevention and serving as an alternative for health education. This is technological research for the experimental development of a game focusing on the prevention of childhood burns and using the problematization method based on the Maguerez Arch. Gamification is an innovative alternative for training and for behavioral changing and health education is a strategic tool that helps and strengthens care. The game was made for children aged six to ten years old and will be made available in a virtual environment for Android devices. Assistance from a programming language professional was required to program the game. Nowadays, it is necessary to keep up with innovations and technologies, improving interaction with children.


Las quemaduras son un problema de salud pública y generan repercusiones físicas, psicológicas y sociales, provocando la muerte. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un juego que pueda difundir información, com el foco en em la prevención de quemaduras, sirviendo como una alternativa para la educación en salud. Se trata de una investigación tecnológica para el desarrollo experimental de um juego enfocado a la prevención de quemaduras infantiles mediante el método de problematización basado en el Arco de Maguerez. La gamificación y la educación en salud es una herramienta estratégica que ayuda y fortalece los cuidados. El juego fue diseñado para niños de seis a diez años y estará disponible en un entorno virtual para dispositivos Android. Fue solicitada la ayuda de un profesional de lenguajes de programación para programar el juego. Actualmente, es necesario mantenerse al día con las innovaciones y tecnologías, mejorando la interacción con los niños. Actualmente, es necessário mantenerse al día con las innovaciones y tecnologias, mejorando la interacción com los niños.

14.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 78(6): 147-155, Mar 16, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231684

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo es lograr una plantilla de mapeo de activación cerebral promedio en niños sanos usando la resonancia magnética funcional (RMf), con paradigmas específicos para activar funciones de atención inhibitoria y de memoria de trabajo. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó una evaluación nutricional y neuropsicológica a 87 niños diestros. Cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 30 (15 niños y 15 niñas) entre 9 y 11 años, a quienes se estudió con RMf con realización de dos pruebas de atención inhibitoria (Go/No Go), con letras e imágenes de alimentos, un test de memoria de trabajo (Test de Atención Continua-Pares Idénticos) y obtención de volúmenes anatómicos. Los datos posteriormente se procesaron con el programa FSL-v5 con un umbral de p < 0,05 (cluster-wise). Las áreas cerebrales activadas se localizaron utilizando una plantilla cerebral estándar del Montreal Neurological Institute y el atlas cortical estructural de Harvard-Oxford. Resultados: En las pruebas de atención inhibitoria hay activación en áreas frontales de predominio derecho, cíngulo, parietales y occipitales, con preponderancia en áreas occipitales en la prueba con alimentos. En la prueba Test de Atención Continua-Pares Idénticos se obtuvo activación de predominio en áreas occipitales, frontales y parietales. Conclusiones: Se obtienen plantillas de mapeo de actividad cerebral en niños sanos con test de atención inhibitoria, de alimentos y de memoria de trabajo. Las áreas de activación corresponden mayoritariamente a las descritas en la bibliografía. Esto nos permite tener patrones basales de activación cerebral para estudiar patologías relacionadas con la atención inhibitoria, la impulsividad y la memoria de trabajo.(AU)


Introduction: The objective is to produce an average brain activation mapping template in healthy children using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with specific paradigms for activating inhibitory attention and working memory functions. Subjects and methods: A nutritional and neuropsychological evaluation was performed on 87 right-handed children. The inclusion criteria were met by 30 children (15 boys and 15 girls) between 9 and 11 years old, who were studied with fMRI in two inhibitory attention tests (Go/No Go), with food cues, a working memory test (Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs) and measurement of anatomical volumes. These data were subsequently processed with the FSL-v5 program, with a threshold of p < 0.05 (cluster-wise). The brain areas activated were located using a standard Montreal Neurological Institute brain template and the Harvard-Oxford structural cortical atlas. Results: The inhibitory attention tests showed activation frontal areas predominantly on the right, and the cingulate, parietal and occipital areas, with preponderance in occipital areas in the food cues test. In the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs test, activation was obtained predominantly in the occipital, frontal and parietal areas. Conclusions: Brain activity mapping templates are obtained in healthy children with tests for inhibitory attention, food cues and working memory. The activation areas are mostly those reported in the literature. This provides baseline brain activation patterns for studying pathologies related to inhibitory attention, impulsivity and working memory.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Função Executiva , Cognição , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Memória , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Saúde da Criança
15.
Psicosom. psiquiatr ; (28): 30-44, Ene-Mar, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231742

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad por COVID-19 ha afectado a millones de personas en todo el mundo y ha planteado un desafío sin precedentes a los sistemas de salud, provocando medidas como el distanciamiento social y el confinamiento domiciliario, que han afectado a la vida diaria y las relaciones sociales de la población. El objetivo principal de este artículo fue examinar las consecuencias de estas circunstancias en la salud mental infanto-juvenil. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica disponible en PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase y ScinceDirect, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Declaración PRISMA. La selección de los estudios se realizó en base a los siguientes criterios: estudios de investigación originales, con un diseño metodológico prospectivo, publicados a partir del año 2020 y que en sus resultados evaluaran mediante escalas niveles de depresión, estrés, ansiedad y/o problemas conductuales de la población infanto-juvenil durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: De los 334 estudios identificados, 14 cumplían los criterios establecidos para ser incluidos en esta revisión. Se agruparon los resultados en sintomatología internalizante y externalizante. En relación a la sintomatología internalizante, la diferencia de medias pre-post, analizada mediante la d de Cohen, fue de 0.172 (0.036; 0.308) siendo significativa (p = 0.0131). Por el contrario, no se objetivaron diferencias significativas en la sintomatología externalizante (p = 0.7314).Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia se observó un aumento de la sintomatología internalizante, pero no de la externalizante, en niños y adolescentes. Al mismo tiempo, se observaron variaciones que sugieren que el efecto podría estar modulado por factores individuales y contextuales.(AU)


Introduction: COVID-19 disease has affected millions of people worldwide and has posed an unprecedented challenge to health systems, leading to measures such as social distancing and home confinement that have affected the daily life and social relationships of the population. This article reviews the consequences of these circumstances on child and adolescent mental health. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature available in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and ScinceDirect was carried out, in accordance with the recommendations of the PRISMA Declaration. The selection of studies followed the following criteria: original research studies with a prospective methodological design published from the year 2020 and whose results evaluated levels of depression, stress, anxiety and/or behavioral problems in the child and adolescent population during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using clinical scales. Results: Of the 334 studies identified, 14 met the criteria established to be included in this review. Results were grouped into internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. In relation to internalizing symptomatology the mean difference pre-post analyzed using Cohen’s d was 0.172 (0.036; 0.308), which was significant (p = 0.0131). No significant differences were observed in externalizing symptomatology (p = 0.7314). Conclusions: During the pandemic an increase in internalizing symptoms was observed, but not in externalizing symptoms, in children and adolescents. Also were observed variations suggesting that the effect could be modulated by individual and contextual factors.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , /psicologia , Saúde Mental , Quarentena/psicologia , /epidemiologia , Saúde do Adolescente , Saúde da Criança , Psiquiatria
16.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 90(1): 125-135, Ene-Mar, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-232338

RESUMO

The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescent’s wide is a public health problem, resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Obesity can lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This systematic review aims to gather scientific information available on the composition of gut microbiota in children/ adolescents with overweight/obesity. Research studies were identified through a scientific database (PubMed). The key words used were “Obese” OR “Overweight” AND “adolescent” OR “children” AND “microbiota”. Observational and intervention studies in children/adolescents having either overweight or obesity were included in this review, belonging to the last ten years – from December 2012 to October 2022. The initial search resulted in 409 references, 379 of them were excluded because the participants had major pathologies other than obesity or overweight. From the remaining articles, others were excluded due to not providing information on the number of participants, or not including data on microbiota composition. A total of 16 articles were selected: 12 observational studies and 4 intervention studies. Among the observational studies that compared overweight/obesity vs. normal weight or metabolically unhealthy obese vs. metabolically healthy obese children/adolescents, at least two studies found higher levels of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidales, Adlercreutzia, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium. Moreover, lower abundances of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia were observed. Regarding intervention studies consisting of supplementation of oligofructose- enriched inulin and a weight reduction program, higher proportions of Actinobacteria were observed after the intervention. Clostridia was also found in higher abundances after interventions that used a combined strength and endurance training program and a weight reduction program. The findings suggest that obesity decreased microbiota diversity and increases species associated with inflammation. The results are consistent with previous studies in adults. This information will be useful for designing dietary interventions to prevent or reverse dysbiosis in individuals with obesity.(AU)


La creciente prevalencia de obesidad en niños y adolescentes es un problema de salud pública, resultado de la interacción de factores genéticos, ambientales y de estilo de vida. La obesidad puede provocar una disbiosis de la microbiota intestinal. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo recopilar información científica disponible sobre la composición de la microbiota intestinal en niños/adolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad. Los estudios de investigación se identificaron a través de una base de datos científica (PubMed). Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron “obeso” O “Sobrepeso” Y “adolescente” O “niños” Y “microbiota”. En esta revisión se incluyeron estudios observacionales y de intervención en niños/adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad, pertenecientes a los últimos diez años, de diciembre de 2012 a octubre de 2022. La búsqueda inicial resultó en 409 referencias, de las cuales 379 fueron excluidas porque los participantes tenían patologías mayores además de la obesidad o el sobrepeso. De los artículos restantes, se excluyeron otros por no proporcionar información sobre el número de participantes o por no incluir datos sobre la composición de la microbiota. Se seleccionaron un total de 16 artículos: 12 estudios observacionales y 4 estudios de intervención. Entre los estudios observacionales que compararon el sobrepeso/obesidad frente al peso normal o los niños y adolescentes obesos metabólicamente no saludables frente a los obesos metabólicamente sanos, al menos dos estudios encontraron niveles más altos de Firmicutes, Proteobacterias, Bacteroidales, Adlercreutzia, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli y Clostridium. Además, se observaron menores abundancias de Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroides y Akkermansia. En cuanto a los estudios de intervención consistentes en suplementación con inulina enriquecida con oligofructosa y un programa de reducción de peso, se observaron mayores proporciones de Actinobacteria después de la intervención. Los clostridios también se encontraron en mayor abundancia después de las intervenciones que utilizaron un programa combinado de entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia y un programa de reducción de peso. Los hallazgos sugieren que la obesidad disminuye la diversidad de la microbiota y aumenta las especies asociadas con la inflamación. Los resultados son consistentes con estudios previos en adultos. Esta información será útil para diseñar intervenciones dietéticas que prevengan o reviertan la disbiosis en individuos con obesidad.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Obesidade Infantil , Sobrepeso , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Prevalência
17.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 20(3): 155-161, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38494306

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of thromboembolic events in children and adolescents with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science to select relevant articles published between 1 January 2000 and 27 February 2022. We used the random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled point prevalence rates of thromboembolic events in studies with a minimum sample size of 30. RESULTS: We included five studies reporting data of 336 children and adolescents with primary APS and secondary APS (SAPS). Pooled point prevalence rates of initial general thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis and stroke in individuals with seropositive APS were 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.5-100), 27.6% (95% CI 21.4-34.2), 51.1% (95% CI 38.2-63.9) and 13.4% 95% CI (6.3-22.7), respectively. Pooled point prevalence rates of initial arterial and venous thromboses in children and adolescents with SAPS were 45.7% (95% CI 21.1-71.6) and 29.2% (95% CI 14.8-46), respectively. CONCLUSION: Arterio-venous thromboembolism is highly frequent in children and adolescents with SAPS. More studies using thrombotic and non-thrombotic APS classification criteria are warranted to better assess the frequency and predictors of thromboembolism in age- and ancestry-diverse pediatric populations affected by different types of APS.


Assuntos
Síndrome Antifosfolipídica , Trombose , Tromboembolia Venosa , Trombose Venosa , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia
18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432619

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: It is extremely important to assess speech perception skills in children with hearing loss, since these skills are essential to guide the rehabilitation process. OBJECTIVE: Update and validate the Early Speech Perception test in Spanish in normal-hearing children. METHOD: Different drawings were selected from children's books used daily in the work of teachers and speech therapists. 69 children aged between 3 and 8 years old participated in the study, divided into 6 groups by age (group 1, 3 years of age (n = 13); group 2, 4 years of age (n = 15); group 3, 5 years of age (n = 12); group 4, 6 years of age (n = 8); group 5, 7 years of age (n = 10); group 6, 8 years of age (n = 11)). For each category of the test, the children had to name and point to the corresponding drawing. RESULTS: The difference between age and gender groups was statistically evaluated. For the naming phase, a significant difference was observed between groups 1 and group 5; and between group 1 and group 6. For the pointing phase there was no difference between the groups, and in all groups, there was a score greater than 98%. In relation to gender, there was no difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the material developed to assess auditory reception in normal-hearing children from 3 to 8 years old is appropriate.

19.
Nutr Hosp ; 41(2): 477-488, 2024 Apr 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38450481

RESUMO

Introduction: The ketogenic diet was an amazing approach to treating epilepsy from its beginning. The body undergoes a change in obtaining energy, going from depending on carbohydrates to depending on fats, and then a whole series of biochemical routes are launched that, independently but also complementary, give rise to a set of effects that benefit the patient. This search for its mechanism of action, of devising how to improve compliance and take advantage of it for other diseases has marked its trajectory. This article briefly reviews these aspects, emphasizing the importance of continuing to carry out basic and clinical research so that this treatment can be applied with solid scientific bases.


Introducción: La dieta cetogénica constituyó desde su inicio un planteamiento sorprendente para el tratamiento de la epilepsia. Someter al organismo a un cambio en la obtención de energía, pasando de depender de los carbohidratos a hacerlo de las grasas, pone en marcha toda una serie de rutas bioquímicas que, de forma independiente pero también complementaria, dan lugar a un conjunto de efectos que benefician al paciente. Esta búsqueda de su mecanismo de acción, de idear cómo mejorar el cumplimiento y de aprovecharla para otras enfermedades ha marcado su trayectoria. En este artículo se revisan someramente estos aspectos, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de seguir realizando investigación básica y clínica para que este tratamiento pueda aplicarse con bases científicas sólidas.


Assuntos
Dieta Cetogênica , Epilepsia , Dieta Cetogênica/métodos , Humanos , Epilepsia/dietoterapia , História do Século XX
20.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 58(1): [100820], Ene-Mar, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229691

RESUMO

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) posee características variadas con un impacto a nivel social, comunicativo y sensoriomotor (SM). Una característica SM son los problemas sobre el control postural (CP). Variadas son las estrategias de intervención motora (EIM), pero el beneficio sobre el CP es algo que se ha analizado de forma menos amplia. El objetivo fue describir las EIM y sus resultados sobre el CP de niños y adolescentes con TEA. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane. Un total de ocho artículos cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Todas las EIM mostraron resultados beneficiosos sobre el mejoramiento del CP y fueron de diferente naturaleza (práctica de bailes, actividad física personalizada, videojuegos, Tai Chi Chuan, Taekwondo y realidad virtual). Es necesario mejorar los diseños y considerar los riesgos de sesgos, pues limitan el alcance de los resultados.(AU)


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has varied characteristics with an impact at the social, communicative and sensorimotor (SM) level. An SM feature is postural control (PC) problems. There are various motor intervention strategies (MIS), but the benefit over LC is something that has been analyzed less extensively. The objective was to describe the MIS and its results on the PC of children and adolescents with ASD. A search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane was performed. A total of eight articles met the eligibility criteria. All MIS showed beneficial results on the improvement of PC. The MIS were of a varied nature (dance practice, personalized physical activity, video games, Tai Chi Chuan, Taekwondo and virtual reality). It is necessary to improve the designs and consider the risks of bias, since they limit the scope of the results.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Equilíbrio Postural , Tai Chi Chuan
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