RESUMO
Petiveria alliacea L. is an herb used in traditional medicine in Mexico and its roots have been studied to treat pain. However, until now, the antinociceptive properties of the leaves have not been investigated, being the main section used empirically for the treatment of diseases. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive and toxoicological activity of various extracts (aqueous, hexanic, and methanolic) from P. alliacea L. leaves in NIH mice and to perform an in silico analysis of the phytochemical compounds. Firstly, the antinociceptive effect was analyzed using the formalin model and the different doses of each of the extracts that were administered orally to obtain the dose-response curves. In addition, acute toxicity was determined by the up and down method and serum biochemical analysis. Later, the phytochemical study of extracts was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and visible light spectroscopy, and the volatile chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Moreover, the most abundant compounds identified in the phytochemical study were analyzed in silico to predict their biological activity (PASSonline) and toxicology (OSIRIS Property Explorer). As a result, it was known that all extracts at doses from 10 to 316 mg/kg significantly reduced the pain response in both phases of the formalin model, with values of 50-60% for the inflammatory response. The toxicological studies (DL50) exhibited that all extracts did not cause any mortality up to the 2000 mg/kg dose level. This was corroborated by the values in the normal range of the biochemical parameters in the serum. Finally, the phytochemical screening of the presence of phenolic structures (coumarins, flavonoids) and terpenes (saponins and terpenes) was verified, and the highest content was of a lipid nature, 1.65 ± 0.54 meq diosgenin/mL in the methanolic extract. A total of 54 components were identified, 11 were the most abundant, and only four (Eicosane, Methyl oleate, 4-bis(1-phenylethyl) phenol, and Ethyl linolenate) of them showed a probability towards active antinociceptive activity in silico greater than 0.5. These results showed that the P. alliacea L. leaf extract possesses molecules with antinociceptive activity.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) is a perennial shrub used by its immunomodulatory, anticancerogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study determined the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) and microcrystalline cellulose (MC) on the technological characteristic of a high-dose P. alliacea tablet prepared by the wet granulation method. METHODOLOGY: The botanical and pharmacognostic analysis of the plant material was firstly performed, followed by a 23 factorial design considering three factors at two levels: (a) the binder (PVP) incorporated in formulation at 10% and 15% (w/w); (b) the compacting agent (CSD) added at 10% and 15% (w/w) and; (c) the diluent (MC) included at 7.33% and 12.46% (w/w). The analysis of pharmaceutical performance and the accelerated and long-term stability of the best prototype were also completed. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The binder, compacting agent and the interaction binder/diluent had a significant impact on breaking force of high-dose P. alliacea tablet. The optimum formula was found to contain 15% (w/w) of CSD, 7.33% (w/w) of MC and 10% (w/w) of PVP. At these conditions, the tablet shows a breaking force of 77.96 N, a friability of 0.39%, a total phenol content of 1.30 mg/tablet and a maximum disintegration time of 6 min. CONCLUSIONS: The use of adequate amounts of PVP, MC and CSD as per the factorial design allowed the preparation of a tablet suitable for administration, despite the inappropriate flow and compressibility properties of the P. alliacea powder.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Celulose/administração & dosagem , Excipientes/química , Phytolaccaceae/química , Povidona/administração & dosagem , Dióxido de Silício/administração & dosagem , Comprimidos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Celulose/química , Química Farmacêutica , Povidona/química , Pós , Dióxido de Silício/química , Comprimidos/químicaRESUMO
A preclinical study was carried out to determinate the protective properties of Petiveria alliacea Linn on 5-Fluoruracilo (5-FU)-immunosuppressed animals, a cytostatic drug often used in cancer treatment. Were use five groups of female Balb/c mice (5 mice/group).Two groups were treated with 400 and 1200 mg/kg of P. alliacea leaves and stems powder respectively, and a third group was treated with carboxymethyl cellulose as vehicle. Two additional control groups were set up: a 5-FU treated group, as immunosuppression control, and a NaCl solution (0.9 percent treated group. Animals were treated daily for five days and then a unique dose of 150 mg/kg of 5-FU was administered and the treatment continued for another four days. At termination blood and tissue samples were collected for leukocyte total count, analysis of bone marrow cellularity, thymus weight and total IgG antibody forming cells. Our results show that the group treated with the highest dose of P. alliacea, was less affected by 5-FU-induced immunosupresion compared with the other treated groups. The results derived from this study suggest that P. alliacea, a medicinal plant product, could be used in patients under antineoplasic regimens to avoid the deleterious adverse effects of the immunosuppressive drugs.
Se realizó un estudio preclínico para la determinación de las propiedades protectoras de la planta Petiveria alliacea Linn sobre la inmunosupresión inducida por la droga citostática 5- Fluoruracilo (5-FU), la cual se utiliza muy frecuentemente en la terapia contra el cáncer. Se utilizaron cinco grupos de ratones hembras Balb/c (5 ratones por grupo) que incluyeron dos grupos de tratamiento con dos niveles de dosis del polvo de las hojas y tallos de la planta: 400 y 1200 mg/kg, así como grupos controles con solución de NACl y con el vehículo (solución de carboximetil celulosa) por vía oral, aplicados durante 5 días, luego una administración única de 150 mg/kg de 5-FU y la continuación del tratamiento en los restantes 5 días. En las variables: conteo global y diferencial de leucocitos, celularidad de la médula ósea, peso del timo y Células Formadoras de Anticuerpos (CFA) IgG totales, se pudo observar que el grupo de mayor dosis de P. alliacea tuvo una menor afectación por la inmunosupresión inducida por 5-FU, en comparación con el resto de los grupos tratados. Estos resultados apoyan el uso de formulaciones de esta planta en pacientes que reciben tratamientos antineoplásicos para la protección contra la inmunosupresión.